Population-based evaluation of the Ehrlichia ruminantium MAP 1B indirect ELISA

Experimental and Applied Acarology

Volumn 25, Issue 10-11, 2001, Pages 881-897

  Peter, Trevor F ^a   O'callaghan, Christopher J ^b   Medley, Graham F ^b   Perry, Brian D ^c   Semu, Shalt M ^a   Mahan, Suman M ^a  

^a UF/USAID/SADC Heartwater Res Proj   (Zimbabwe)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK   (United Kingdom)

^c INTERNATIONAL LIVESTOCK RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Kenya)

Author keywords

Amblyomma; Ehrlichia ruminantium; Heartwater; Indirect MAP 1B ELISA; Rickettsia; Serology

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL ANTIGEN; BACTERIAL PROTEIN; BACTERIUM ANTIBODY; EPITOPE; MAP1 B PROTEIN, COWDRIA RUMINANTIUM; MAP1-B PROTEIN, COWDRIA RUMINANTIUM; MEMBRANE PROTEIN;

CATTLE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; GOAT; PARASITIC DISEASE;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BLOOD; BOVIDS; CATTLE; CATTLE DISEASE; EHRLICHIA RUMINANTIUM; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EVALUATION; GOAT; GOAT DISEASE; HEARTWATER DISEASE; IMMUNOLOGY; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MICROBIOLOGY; ZIMBABWE;

ANIMALS; ANTIBODIES, BACTERIAL; ANTIGENS, BACTERIAL; BACTERIAL PROTEINS; CATTLE; CATTLE DISEASES; EHRLICHIA RUMINANTIUM; EPITOPES, B-LYMPHOCYTE; GOAT DISEASES; GOATS; HEARTWATER DISEASE; IMMUNODOMINANT EPITOPES; MEMBRANE PROTEINS; RUMINANTS; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES; ZIMBABWE;

AMBLYOMMA; ANIMALIA; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); BOS TAURUS; BOVIDAE; BOVINAE; CAPRA; CAPRA HIRCUS; EHRLICHIA; EHRLICHIA RUMINANTIUM; RICKETTSIA;

EID: 0035549284     PISSN: 01688162     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1020424718957     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Alexander, R.A., Neitz, W.O. and Adellar, T.F. 1946. Heartwater. Farm. S. Afr. 21: 548-552.
2. Andrew, H.R. and Norval, R.A.I. 1989. The carrier status of sheep, cattle and African buffalo recovered from heartwater. Vet. Parasitol. 34: 261-266.
3. Bowie, M.V., Reddy, G.R., Semu, S.M., Mahan, S.M. and Barbet, A.F. 1999. Potential value of major antigenic protein 2 for serological diagnosis of heartwater and related ehrlichial infections. Clin. Diag. Lab. Immunol. 6: 209-215.
4. Camus, E. 1986. Contribution a l'Etude Epidemiologique de la Cowdriose (Cowdria ruminantium) en Guadeloupe. DSc Thesis, University of Paris-Sud, Orsay.
5. Camus, E., Barre, N., Martinez, D. and Uilenberg, G. 1996. Heartwater (Cowdriosis). A Review, 2nd Ed. Office International des Epizooties, Paris.
6. Chamboko, T., Mukhebi, A.W., O'Callaghan, C.J., Peter, T.F., Kruska, R.L., Medley, G.F., Mahan, S.M. and Perry, B.D. 1999. The control of heartwater on large scale commercial and smallholder farms in Zimbabwe: Results of cross-sectional and longitudinal field studies. Prev. Vet. Med. 39: 191-210.
7. Chamboko, T., Mukhebi, A.W., O'Callaghan, C.J., Peter, T.F., Kruska, R.L., Medley, G.F., Mahan, S.M. and Perry, B.D. 1999. Heartwater and the economics of livestock production on large scale commercial and smallholder farms in Zimbabwe: Results of cross-sectional field studies. Rev. d'Elev. Med. Vet. Pays Trop. 52: 313-323.
8. Cowdry, E.V. 1925a. Studies on the etiology of heartwater. I. Observation of a rickettsia, Rickettsia ruminantium (n. sp.) in the tissues of infected animals. J. Exp. Med. 42: 253-274.
9. Cowdry, E.V. 1925b. Studies on the etiology of heartwater. II. Rickettsia ruminantium (n. sp.) in the tissues of ticks transmitting the disease. J. Exp. Med. 42: 231-245.
10. Deem, S.L., Norval, R.A.I., Yonow, T., Peter, T.F., Mahan, S.M. and Burridge, M.J. 1996. The epidemiology of heartwater: Establishment and maintenance of endemic stability Parasitol. Today 12: 402-405.
11. Dumler, J.S., Barbet, A.F., Bekker, C.P., Dasch, G.A., Palmer, G.H., Ray, S.C., Rikihisa, Y. and Rurangirwa, F.R. 2001. Reorganization of genera in the families Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae in the order Rickettsiales: Unification of some species of Ehrlichia with Anaplasma, Cowdria with Ehrlichia and Ehrlichia with Neorickettsia, descriptions of six new species combinations and designation of Ehrlichia equi and 'HGE agent' as subjective synonyms of Ehrlichia phagocytophila. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 51: 2145-2165.
12. du Plessis, J.L. and Malan, L. 1987. The non-specific resistance of cattle to heartwater. Onderst. J. Vet. Res. 54: 333-336.
13. du Plessis, J.L. and Malan, L. 1988. Susceptibility to heartwater of calves born to non-immune cows. Onderst. J. Vet. Res. 55: 235-237.
14. du Plessis, J.L. Bezuidenhout, J.D., Brett, M.S., Camus, E., Jongejan, F., Mahan, S.M. and Martinez, D. 1993. The sero-diagnosis of heartwater: A comparison of five tests. Rev. d'Elev. Med Vet. Pays Trop. 46: 123-129.
15. Jongejan, F., de Vries, N., Nieuwenhuijs, J., van Vliet, A.H.M. and Wassink, L.A. 1993. The immunodominant 32-kilodalton protein of Cowdria ruminantium is conserved within the genus Ehrlichia. Rev. d'Elev. Med. Vet. Pays Trop. 46: 145-152.
16. Katz, J.B., Barbet, A.F., Mahan, S.M., Kumbula, D., Lockhart, J.M., Keel, M.K., Dawson, J.E. Olson, J.G. and Ewing, S.A. 1996. A recombinant antigen from the heartwater agent (Cowdria ruminatium) reactive with antibodies in some southeastern United States white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), but not cattle, sera. J. Wild. Dis. 32: 424-430.
17. Katz, J.B., Dewald, R., Dawson, J.E., Camus, E., Martinez, D. and Mondry, R. 1997. Development and evaluation of a recombinant antigen, monoclonal antibody-based competitive ELISA for heartwater serodiagnosis. J. Vet. Diag. Investig. 9: 130-135.
18. Keinbaum, D.G., Kupper, L.L., Muller, K.E. and Nizam, A. 1998. Applied Regression Analysis and Other Multivariable Methods, 3rd Edn. Duxbury Press, Pacific Grove.
19. Kock, N.D., van Vliet, A.H., Charlton, K. and Jongejan, F. 1995. Detection of Cowdria ruminantium in blood and bone marrow samples from clinically normal, free ranging Zimbabwean wild ungulates. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33: 2501-2504
20. Logan, L.L., Holland, C.J., Mebus, C.A. and Ristic, M. 1986. Serological relationship between Cowdria ruminantium and certain Ehrlichia. Vet. Rec. 119: 458-459.
21. Mahan, S.M., Tebele, N., Mukwedeya, D., Semu, S., Nyathi, C.B., Wassink, L.A., Kelly, P.J., Peter, T. and Barbet, A.F. 1993. An immunoblotting diagnostic assay for heartwater based on the immunodominant 32-kilodalton protein of Cowdria ruminantium detects false positives in-field sera. J. Clin. Microbiol. 31: 2729-2737.
22. Mahan, S.M., Semu, S.M., Peter, T.F. and Jongejan, F. 1998. Evaluation of the MAP-1B ELISA for cowdriosis with field sera from livestock in Zimbabwe. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 849: 259-261.
23. Mahan, S.M., Allsopp, B., Kocan, K.M., Palmer, G.H. and Jongejan, F. 1999. Vaccine strategies for Cowdria ruminantium infections and their application to other ehrlichial infections. Parasitol. Tod. 15: 290-294.
24. Mattioli, R.C., Bah, M., Reibel, R. and Jongejan, F. 2000. Cowdria ruminantium antibodies in acaricide-treated and untreated cattle exposed to Amblyomma variegatum ticks in The Gambia. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 24: 957-969.
25. Mboloi, M.M., Bekker, C.P.J., Kruitwagen, C., Greiner, M. and Jongejan, F. 1999. Validation of the indirect MAP1-B enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of experimental Cowdria ruminantium infection in small ruminants. Clin. Diag. Lab. Immunol. 6: 66-72.
26. Mondry, R., Martinez, D., Camus, E., Liebisch, A., Katz, J.B., Dewald, R., van Vliet, A.H.M. and Jongejan, F. 1998. Validation and comparison of three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of antibodies to Cowdria ruminantium infection. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 849: 262-272.
27. Mukhebi, A.W., Chamboko, T., O'Callaghan, C.J., Peter, T.F., Kruska, R.L., Medley, G.F., Mahan, S.M. and Perry, B.D. 1999. An assessment of the economic impact of heartwater (Cowdria ruminantium infection) and its control in Zimbabwe. Prev. Vet. Med. 39: 173-189.
28. Neitz, W.O. and Alexander, R.A. 1941. The immunisation of calves against heartwater. J.S. Afr. Vet. Med. Assoc. 12: 103-111.
29. Neitz, W.O., Alexander, R.A. and Adellar, T.F. 1947. Studies on immunity to heartwater. Onderst. J. Vet. Res. 21: 243-249.
30. Nokes, D.J. and Anderson, R.M. 1988. The use of mathematical models in the epidemiological study of infectious diseases and in the design of mass immunisation programmes. Epidemiol. Infect. 101: 1-20.
31. Norval, R.A.I., Perry, B.D. and Young, A.S. (eds) 1992. The Epidemiology of Theileriosis in Africa. Academic Press, London.
32. O'Callaghan, C.J. 1998. A Study of the Epidemiology of Theileriosis on Smallholder Dairy Farms in Kiambu District, Kenya. PhD Thesis, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
33. O'Callaghan, C.J., Medley, G.F., Peter, T.F. and Perry, B.D. 1998. Investigating the epidemiology of heartwater (Cowdria ruminantium infection) by means of a transmission dynamics model. Parasitol. 117: 49-61.
34. O'Callaghan, C.J., Medley, G.F., Peter, T.F., Mahan, S.M. and Perry, B.D. 1999. The effect of vaccination on the transmission dynamics of heartwater (Cowdria ruminantium infection). Prev. Vet. Med. 42: 17-39.
35. O'Callaghan, C.J., Peter, T.F., Medley, G.F. and Perry, B.D. 2001. Direct Estimation of the Attachment and Detachment Rates of Amblyomma hebraeum on Cattle. (in preparation, draft manuscript available). No update available.
36. Perry, B.D. and Young, A.S. 1995. The past and future roles of epidemiology and economics in the control of tick-borne diseases of livestock in Africa: The case of theileriosis. Prev. Vet. Med. 25: 107-120.
37. Peter, T.F., Perry, B.D., O'Callaghan, C.J., Medley, G.F., Shumba, W., Madzima, W., Burridge, M.J. and Mahan, S.M. 1998a. Distributions of the vectors of heartwater, Amblyomma hebraeum and Amblyomma variegatum (Acari: Ixodidae) in Zimbabwe. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 22: 725-740.
38. Peter, T.F., Perry, B.D., O'Callaghan, C.J., Medley, G.F., Shumba, W., Madzima, W., Burridge, M.J. and Mahan, S.M. 1998b. The distribution of heartwater in the highveld of Zimbabwe: 1980-1997. Onderst. J. Vet. Res. 65: 177-187.
39. Peter, T.F., Anderson, E.C., Burridge, M.J. and Mahan, S.M, 1998c. Demonstration of a carrier state for Cowdria ruminantium in wild ruminants from Africa. J. Wild. Dis. 34: 567-575.
40. Peter, T.F., Anderson, E.C., Burridge, M.J., Perry, B.D. and Mahan, S.M. 1999a. Susceptibility and carrier status of impala, sable and tsessebe for Cowdria ruminantium infection (heartwater), J. Parasitol. 85: 468-472.
41. Peter, T.F., Perry, B.D., O'Callaghan, C.J., Medley, G.F. Mlambo, G., Barbet, A.F. and Mahan, S.M. 1999b. Prevalence of Cowdria ruminantium infection in Amblyomma hebraeum ticks from heartwater-endemic areas of Zimbabwe. Epidemiol. Infect. 123: 309-316.
42. Reddy, G.R., Sulsona, C.R., Barbet, A.F., Mahan, S.M., Burridge, M.J. and Alleman, A.R. 1998. Molecular characterisation of a 28kDa surface antigen gene family of the tribe Ehrlichiae. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 247: 636-643.
43. Savadye, D.T., Kelly, P.J. and Mahan, S.M. 1998. Evidence to show that an agent that cross-reacts serologically with Cowdria ruminantium in Zimbabwe is transmitted by ticks. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 22: 111-122.
44. Semu, S.M., Peter, T.F., Mukwedeya, D., Barbet A.F., Jongejan, F. and Mahan, S.M. 2001. Antibody responses to MAP 1B and other Cowdria ruminantium antigens are down regulated in cattle challenged with tick-transmitted heartwater. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 8: 388-396.
45. Sulsona, C.R., Mahan, S.M. and Barbet, A.F. 1999. The map-1 gene of Cowdria ruminantium is a member of a multigene family containing both conserved and variable genes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 257: 300-305.
46. Thomas, A.D. and Mansvelt, P.R. 1957. Immunisation of goats against heartwater. J.S. Afr. Vet. Med. Assoc. 28: 163-168.
47. Uilenberg. G. 1971. Etudes sur la cowdriose a Madagascar. Premiere partie. Rev. d'Elev. Med. Vet. Pays Trop. 24: 239-249.
48. van Vliet, A.H.M., Jongejan, F. and van der Zeijst, B.A.M 1992. Phylogenetic position of Cowdria ruminantium (Rickettsiales) determined by analysis of amplified 16 S ribosomal DNA sequences. Int. J. Sys. Bacteriol. 42: 494-498.
49. van Vliet, A.H.M., van der Zeijst, B.A.M., Camus, E., Mahan, S.M., Martinez, D. and Jongejan, F. 1995. Use of a specific immunogenic region on the Cowdria ruminantium MAP1 protein in a serological assay. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33: 2405-2410.