What is it about revealing secrets that is beneficial?

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

Volumn 27, Issue 6, 2001, Pages 651-665

  Kelly, Anita E ^a   Klusas, Julie A ^b   Von Weiss, Renee T ^b   Kenny, Christine ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0035533662     PISSN: 01461672     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0146167201276002     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Andreasen, N.J.C., & Norris, A. S. (1972). Long-term adjustment and adaptation mechanisms in severely burned adults. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 154, 352-362.
2. Antonovsky, A. (1990). Pathways leading to successful coping and health. In M. Rosenbaum (Ed.), Learned resourcefulness: On coping skills, self-control, and adaptive behavior (Vol. 24, pp. 31-63). New York: Springer.
3. Barak, A., & LaCrosse, M. B. (1975). Multidimensional perception of counselor behavior. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 22, 471-476.
4. Baumeister, R. F. (1990). Suicide as escape from self. Psychological Review, 97, 90-113.
5. Baumeister, R. F. (1991). Escaping the self. New York: Basic Books.
6. Bohart, A. C. (1980). Toward a cognitive theory of catharsis. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 17, 192-201.
7. Bohart, A., Allen, E., Jackson, M., & Freyer, R. (1976). Understanding-sharing versus discharge in interpersonal counseling. Paper presented at the 56th annual convention of the Western Psychological Association, Los Angeles. Accepted for inclusion in the ERIC/CAPS system.
8. Breuer, J., & Freud, S. (1955). Studies on hysteria. Standard edition (Vol. 2). London: Hogarth. (Original work published 1893-1895)
9. Bushman, B. J., Baumeister, R. F., & Stack, A. D. (1999). Catharsis, aggression, and persuasive influence: Self-fulfilling or self-defeating prophecies? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 367-376.
10. Casriel, D. (1972). A scream away from happiness. New York: Grosset & Dunlap.
11. Cole, S. W., Kemeny, M. E., Taylor, S. E., & Visscher, B. R. (1996). Elevated physical health risk among gay men who conceal their homosexual identity. Health Psychology, 15, 243-251.
12. Corrigan, J. D., & Schmidt, L. D. (1983). Development and validation of revisions in the Counselor Rating Form. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 30, 64-75.
13. Davanloo, H. (1980). A method of short-term dynamic psychotherapy. In H. Davanloo (Ed.), Short-term dynamic psychotherapy (pp. 32-64). New York: Jason Aronson.
14. Davidowitz, M., & Myrick, R. D. (1984). Responding to the bereaved: An analysis of "helping" statements. Research Record, 1, 35-42.
15. Doka, K. J., & Schwartz, E. (1978). Assigning blame: The restoration of the "sentimental order" following an accidental death. Omega, 9, 279-285.
16. Ebbesen, E. B., Duncan, B., & Konecni, V. J. (1975). Effects of content of verbal aggression on future verbal aggression: A field experiment. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 11, 192-204.
17. Freud, S. (1958). On the beginning of treatment: Further recommendations on the techniques of psychoanalysis. London: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1913)
18. Greenberg, M. A., Wortman, C. B., & Stone, A. A. (1996). Emotional expression and physical health: Revising traumatic memories or fostering self-regulation? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 588-602.
19. Helmrath, T. A., & Steinitz, E. M. (1978). Death of an infant: Parental grieving and the failure of social support. Journal of Family Practice, 6, 785-790.
20. Hill, C. E. (1992). Research on therapist techniques in brief individual therapy: Implications for practitioners. The Counseling Psychologist, 20, 689-711.
21. Horowitz, M. J. (1986). Stress response syndromes (2nd ed.). Northvale, NJ: Jason-Aronson.
22. Howard, K. I., Orlinsky, D. E., & Hill, J. A. (1970). Patients' satisfactions in psychotherapy as a function of patient-therapist pairing. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, & Practice, 7, 130-134.
23. Ichiyama, M. A., Colbert, D., Laramore, H., Heim, M., Carone, K., & Schmidt, J. (1993). Self-concealment and correlates of adjustment in college students. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 7, 55-68.
24. Jackins, H. (1962). Elementary counselor's manual. Seattle, WA: Rational Island.
25. Janov, A. (1970). The primal scream. New York: Dell.
26. Kelly, A. E. (1997). [Views of gaining catharsis versus new insights for coping with secrets]. Unpublished raw data, University of Notre Dame.
27. Kelly, A. E. (1998). Clients' secret keeping in outpatient therapy. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45, 50-57.
28. Kelly, A. E., & Achter, J. A. (1995). Self-concealment and attitudes toward counseling in university students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42, 40-46.
29. Kelly, A. E., & McKillop, K. J. (1996). Consequences of revealing personal secrets. Psychological Bulletin, 120, 450-465.
30. Kelly, G. A. (1955). The psychology of personal constructs (Vols. 1 & 2). New York: Norton.
31. Kessler, R. C., Price, R. H., & Wortman, C. B. (1985). Social factors in psychopathology: Stress, social support, and coping processes. Annual Review of Psychology, 36, 531-572.
32. Lane, J. D., & Wegner, D. M. (1995). The cognitive consequences of secrecy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 237-253.
33. Larson, D. G., & Chastain, R. L. (1990). Self-concealment: Conceptualization, measurement, and health implications. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 9, 439-455.
34. Lehman, D. R., & Hemphill, K. J. (1990). Recipients' perceptions of support attempts and attributions for support attempts that fail. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 7, 563-574.
35. Lifton, R. J. (1986). The Nazi doctors: Medical killing and the psychology of genocide. New York: Basic Books.
36. Lyubomirsky, S., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1993). Self-perpetuating properties of dysphoric rumination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 339-349.
37. Martin, L. L., Tesser, A., & McIntosh, W. D. (1993). Wanting but not having: The effects of unattained goals on thoughts and feelings. In D. M. Wegner & J. W. Pennebaker (Eds.), Handbook of mental control (pp. 552-572). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
38. McCabe, D. L., & Bowers, W. J. (1994). Academic dishonesty among males in college: A 30-year perspective. Journal of College Student Development, 35, 5-10.
39. Meichenbaum, D. (1977). Cognitive-behavior modification: An integrative approach. New York: Plenum.
40. Moreno, J. (1958). Psychodrama (Vol. 2). New York: Beacon House.
41. Murray, E. J., Lamnin, A. D., & Carver, C. S. (1989). Emotional expression in written essays and psychotherapy. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 8, 414-429.
42. Nichols, M. (1974). Outcome of brief cathartic psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 403-410.
43. Nichols, M., & Efran, J. (1985). Catharsis in psychotherapy: A new perspective. Psychotherapy, 22, 46-58.
44. Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Larson, J., & Grayson, C. (1999). Explaining the gender difference in depressive symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1061-1072.
45. Nolen-Hoeksema, S., McBride, A., & Larson, J. (1997). Rumination and psychological distress among bereaved partners. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 855-862.
46. Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Morrow, J. (1993). Effects of rumination and distraction on naturally occurring depressed mood. Cognition and Emotion, 7, 561-570.
47. Norton, R., Feldman, C., & Tafoya, D. (1974). Risk parameters across types of secrets. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 21, 450-454.
48. Orlinsky, D. E., & Howard, K. I. (1966). Therapy Session Report, Form P Chicago: Institute for Juvenile Research.
49. Pennebaker, J. W. (1997). Opening up: The healing power of expressing emotion. New York: Guilford.
50. Pennebaker, J. W., Barger, S. D., & Tiebout, J. (1989). Disclosure of traumas and health among holocaust survivors. Psychosomatic Medicine, 51, 577-589.
51. Pennebaker, J. W., & Beall, S. K. (1986). Confronting a traumatic event: Toward an understanding of inhibition and disease. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 274-281.
52. Pennebaker, J. W., Colder, M., & Sharp, L. K. (1990). Accelerating the coping process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 528-537.
53. Pennebaker, J. W., Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., & Glaser, R. (1988). Disclosure of traumas and immune function: Health implications for psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 239-245.
54. Pennebaker, J. W., Mayne, T. J., & Francis, M. E. (1997). Linguistic predictors of adaptive bereavement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 863-871.
55. Peskin, J. (1992). Ruse and representations: On children's ability to conceal information. Developmental Psychology, 28, 84-89.
56. Petrie, K. J., Booth, R. J., Pennebaker, J. W., Davison, K. P., & Thomas, M. G. (1995). Disclosure of trauma and immune response to a hepatitis B vaccination program. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 787-792.
57. Polivy, J. (1998). The effects of behavioral inhibition: Integrating internal cues, cognition, behavior, and affect. Psychological Inquiry, 9, 181-204.
58. Scheff, T. J. (1979). Catharsis in healing, ritual, and drama. Berkeley: University of California Press.
59. Shneidman, E. S., & Farberow, N. L. (1961). Statistical comparisons between attempted and committed suicides. In N. L. Farberow & E. S. Shneidman (Eds.), The cry for help (pp. 19-47). New York: McGraw Hill.
60. Shneidman, E. S., & Farberow, N. L. (1970). Attempted and committed suicides. In E. S. Shneidman, N. L. Farberow, & R. E. Litman (Eds.), The psychology of suicide (pp. 199-225). New York: Science House.
61. Shortt, J. W., & Pennebaker, J. W. (1992). Talking versus hearing about Holocaust experiences. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 13, 165-179.
62. Sifneos, P. (1979). Short-term dynamic psychotherapy. New York: Plenum.
63. Silver, R. L., Boon, C., & Stones, M. H. (1983). Searching for meaning in misfortune: Making sense of incest. Journal of Social Issues, 39, 81-102.
64. Silver, R. L., & Wortman, C. B. (1980). Coping with undesirable life events. In J. Garber & M.E.P. Seligman (Eds.), Human helplessness: Theory and applications (pp. 279-375). New York: Academic Press.
65. Spiegel, D., Bloom, J. H., Kraemer, H. C., & Gottheil, E. (1989). Effects of psychosocial treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer. Lancet, 2, 888-891.
66. Stiles, W. B., & Snow, J. S. (1984). Counseling session impact as viewed by novice counselors and their clients. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31, 3-12.
67. Stark, E. (1984). The unspeakable family secret. Psychology Today, 18, 38-46.
68. Stone, A., Kennedy-Moore, E., & Neale, J. (1995). Association between daily coping and end-of-the-day mood. Health Psychology, 14, 341-349.
69. Tait, R., & Silver, R. C. (1989). Coming to terms with major negative life events. In J. S. Uleman & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), Unintended thought (pp. 351-381). New York: Guilford.
70. Tesser, A., Leone, C., & Clary, E. (1978). Affect control: process constraints versus catharsis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 2, 265-274.
71. Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070.
72. Zeigarnik, B. (1927). Uber das behalten von erledigten und unerledigten handlungen [The memory of completed and uncompleted actions]. Psychologische Forschung, 9, 1-85.