메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue 8, 2001, Pages 577-588

Pathophysiology of levodopa-induced dyskinesia: potential for new therapies

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIPARKINSON AGENT; DOPAMINE; LEVODOPA;

EID: 0035434121     PISSN: 14710048     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/35086062     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (471)

References (140)
  • 2
    • 34250928307 scopus 로고
    • Verteilung von Noradrenalin und Dopamin (3-Hydroxytyramin) im Gehirn des Menschen und ihr Verhalten bei Erkrankungen des extrapyramidalen Systems
    • Ehringer, H. & Homykiewicz, O. Verteilung von Noradrenalin und Dopamin (3-Hydroxytyramin) im Gehirn des Menschen und ihr Verhalten bei Erkrankungen des extrapyramidalen Systems. Klin. Wschr. 38, 1236-1239 (1960).
    • (1960) Klin. Wschr. , vol.38 , pp. 1236-1239
    • Ehringer, H.1    Homykiewicz, O.2
  • 3
    • 0000428532 scopus 로고
    • 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine and 5-hydroxytryptophan as reserpine antagonists
    • Carlsson, A., Lindquist, M. & Magnusson, T. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine and 5-hydroxytryptophan as reserpine antagonists. Nature 180, 1200 (1957).
    • (1957) Nature , vol.180 , pp. 1200
    • Carlsson, A.1    Lindquist, M.2    Magnusson, T.3
  • 4
    • 73049129373 scopus 로고
    • Der L-Dioxyphenylalanin effekt bei der Parkinson-Akinese
    • Birkmayer, W. & Homykiewicz, O. Der L-Dioxyphenylalanin effekt bei der Parkinson-Akinese. Wien. Min. Wschr. 73, 787-788 (1961).
    • (1961) Wien. Min. Wschr. , vol.73 , pp. 787-788
    • Birkmayer, W.1    Homykiewicz, O.2
  • 5
    • 0016259489 scopus 로고
    • 'On-off' phenomenon with levodopa therapy in parkinsonism. Clinical and pharmacologic correlations and the effect of intramuscular pyridoxine
    • Fahn, S. 'On-off' phenomenon with levodopa therapy in parkinsonism. Clinical and pharmacologic correlations and the effect of intramuscular pyridoxine. Neurology 24, 431-441 (1974).
    • (1974) Neurology , vol.24 , pp. 431-441
    • Fahn, S.1
  • 6
    • 0016378004 scopus 로고
    • Variations in the 'on-off' phenomenon
    • Duvoisin, R. C. Variations in the 'on-off' phenomenon. Adv. Neurol. 5, 339-340 (1974).
    • (1974) Adv. Neurol. , vol.5 , pp. 339-340
    • Duvoisin, R.C.1
  • 7
    • 0017275668 scopus 로고
    • 'On-off' effects in patients with Parkinson's disease on chronic levodopa therapy
    • Marsden, C. D. & Parkes, J. D. 'On-off' effects in patients with Parkinson's disease on chronic levodopa therapy. Lancet 1, 292-296 (1976).
    • (1976) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 292-296
    • Marsden, C.D.1    Parkes, J.D.2
  • 8
    • 0004265462 scopus 로고
    • (eds Marsden, C. D. & Fahn, S.) Butterworth, London
    • Marsden, C. D., Parkes, J. D. & Quinn, N. in Movement Disorders (eds Marsden, C. D. & Fahn, S.) 96-122 (Butterworth, London, 1982).
    • (1982) Movement Disorders , pp. 96-122
    • Marsden, C.D.1    Parkes, J.D.2    Quinn, N.3
  • 9
    • 9044226896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of deprenyl and tocopherol treatment on Parkinsons disease in DATATOP patients requiring levodopa
    • Parkinson Study Group. Impact of deprenyl and tocopherol treatment on Parkinsons disease in DATATOP patients requiring levodopa. Ann. Neurol. 39, 37-45 (1996).
    • (1996) Ann. Neurol. , vol.39 , pp. 37-45
  • 10
    • 0028985322 scopus 로고
    • Drug treatment of Parkinson's disease
    • Quinn, N. Drug treatment of Parkinson's disease. Br. Med. J. 310, 575-579 (1995).
    • (1995) Br. Med. J. , vol.310 , pp. 575-579
    • Quinn, N.1
  • 11
    • 0034682308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A five-year study of the incidence of dyskinesia in patients with early Parkinsons disease who were treated with ropinirole or levodopa
    • Rascol, O. et al. A five-year study of the incidence of dyskinesia in patients with early Parkinsons disease who were treated with ropinirole or levodopa. N. Engl. J. Med. 342, 1484-1491 (2000).
    • (2000) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.342 , pp. 1484-1491
    • Rascol, O.1
  • 12
    • 0022930826 scopus 로고
    • Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex
    • Alexander, G. E., DeLong, M. R. & Strick, P. L Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 9, 357-381 (1986).
    • (1986) Annu. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.9 , pp. 357-381
    • Alexander, G.E.1    DeLong, M.R.2    Strick, P.L.3
  • 13
    • 0025321039 scopus 로고
    • Functional architecture of basal ganglia circuits: Neural substrates of parallel processing
    • Alexander, G. E & Crutcher, M. D. Functional architecture of basal ganglia circuits: neural substrates of parallel processing. Trends Neurosci. 13, 266-271 (1990).
    • (1990) Trends Neurosci. , vol.13 , pp. 266-271
    • Alexander, G.E.1    Crutcher, M.D.2
  • 14
    • 0025298139 scopus 로고
    • Primate models of movement disorders of basal ganglia origin
    • DeLong, M. R. Primate models of movement disorders of basal ganglia origin. Trends Neurosci. 13, 281-285 (1990).
    • (1990) Trends Neurosci. , vol.13 , pp. 281-285
    • DeLong, M.R.1
  • 15
    • 0020645739 scopus 로고
    • Speculations on the functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders
    • Penney, J. B. & Young, A. B. Speculations on the functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 6, 73-94 (1983).
    • (1983) Annu. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.6 , pp. 73-94
    • Penney, J.B.1    Young, A.B.2
  • 16
    • 0035319654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structures outside the basal ganglia may compensate for dopamine loss in the pre-symptomatic stages of Parkinson's disease
    • Bezard, E., Crossman, A. R., Gross, C. E. & Brotchie, J. M. Structures outside the basal ganglia may compensate for dopamine loss in the pre-symptomatic stages of Parkinson's disease. FASEB J. 15, 1092-1094 (2001).
    • (2001) FASEB J. , vol.15 , pp. 1092-1094
    • Bezard, E.1    Crossman, A.R.2    Gross, C.E.3    Brotchie, J.M.4
  • 17
    • 0026557644 scopus 로고
    • Supplementary and primary sensory motor area activity in Parkinson's disease: Regional cerebral blood flow changes during finger movements and effects of apomorphine
    • Rascol, O. et al. Supplementary and primary sensory motor area activity in Parkinson's disease: regional cerebral blood flow changes during finger movements and effects of apomorphine. Arch. Neurol. 49, 144-148 (1992).
    • (1992) Arch. Neurol. , vol.49 , pp. 144-148
    • Rascol, O.1
  • 18
    • 0023268204 scopus 로고
    • Primate models of dyskinesia: The experimental approach to the study of basal ganglia related involuntary movement disorders
    • Crossman, A. R. Primate models of dyskinesia: the experimental approach to the study of basal ganglia related involuntary movement disorders. Neuroscience 21, 1-40 (1987).
    • (1987) Neuroscience , vol.21 , pp. 1-40
    • Crossman, A.R.1
  • 19
    • 0025348894 scopus 로고
    • A hypothesis on the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie levodopa- Or dopamine-agonist-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease: Implications for future strategies in treatment
    • Crossman, A. R. A hypothesis on the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie levodopa-or dopamine-agonist-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease: implications for future strategies in treatment. Mov. Disord. 5, 100-108 (1990).
    • (1990) Mov. Disord. , vol.5 , pp. 100-108
    • Crossman, A.R.1
  • 20
    • 0014673226 scopus 로고
    • Modification of Parkinsonism - Chronic treatment with L-dopa
    • Cotzias, G. C., Papavasiliou, P. S. & Gellene, R. Modification of Parkinsonism - chronic treatment with L-dopa. N. Engl. J. Med. 280, 337-345 (1969).
    • (1969) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.280 , pp. 337-345
    • Cotzias, G.C.1    Papavasiliou, P.S.2    Gellene, R.3
  • 22
    • 0018352370 scopus 로고
    • Early-morning dystonia. A late side effect of long-term levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease
    • Melamed, E. Early-morning dystonia. A late side effect of long-term levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease. Arch. Neurol. 36, 308-310 (1979).
    • (1979) Arch. Neurol. , vol.36 , pp. 308-310
    • Melamed, E.1
  • 23
    • 0017468670 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of dystonia ('I-D-I' and 'D-I-D') in response to L-dopa therapy for Parkinson's disease
    • Muenter, M. D., Sharpless, N. S., Tyce, G. M. & Darley, F. L Patterns of dystonia ('I-D-I' and 'D-I-D') in response to L-dopa therapy for Parkinson's disease. Mayo Clin. Proc. 52, 163-174 (1977).
    • (1977) Mayo Clin. Proc. , vol.52 , pp. 163-174
    • Muenter, M.D.1    Sharpless, N.S.2    Tyce, G.M.3    Darley, F.L.4
  • 25
    • 0024436486 scopus 로고
    • Continuous and intermittent levodopa differentially affect rotation induced by D-1 and D-2 dopamine agonists
    • Engber, T. M., Susel, Z., Juncos, J. L. & Chase, T. N. Continuous and intermittent levodopa differentially affect rotation induced by D-1 and D-2 dopamine agonists. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 168, 291-298 (1989).
    • (1989) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.168 , pp. 291-298
    • Engber, T.M.1    Susel, Z.2    Juncos, J.L.3    Chase, T.N.4
  • 26
    • 0031925945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in the rat is associated with striatal overexpression of prodynorphin- And glutamic acid decarboxylase mRNA
    • Cenci, M.A., Lee, C.S. & Bjorklund, A. L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in the rat is associated with striatal overexpression of prodynorphin-and glutamic acid decarboxylase mRNA. Eur. J. Neurosci. 10, 2694-2706 (1998).
    • (1998) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.10 , pp. 2694-2706
    • Cenci, M.A.1    Lee, C.S.2    Bjorklund, A.3
  • 27
    • 0033010166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of repeated L-DOPA, bromocriptine, or lisuride administration on preproenkephalin-A and preproenkephalin-B mRNA levels in the striatum of the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat
    • Henry, B., Crossman, A. R. & Brotchie, J. M. Effect of repeated L-DOPA, bromocriptine, or lisuride administration on preproenkephalin-A and preproenkephalin-B mRNA levels in the striatum of the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat. Exp. Neurol. 155, 204-220 (1999).
    • (1999) Exp. Neurol. , vol.155 , pp. 204-220
    • Henry, B.1    Crossman, A.R.2    Brotchie, J.M.3
  • 28
    • 0020680904 scopus 로고
    • Chronic parkinsonism in human due to a product of meperidine analog synthesis
    • Langston, J. W., Ballard, P. A., Tetrud, J. W. & Irwin, I. Chronic parkinsonism in human due to a product of meperidine analog synthesis. Science 219, 979-980 (1983).
    • (1983) Science , vol.219 , pp. 979-980
    • Langston, J.W.1    Ballard, P.A.2    Tetrud, J.W.3    Irwin, I.4
  • 29
    • 0021239393 scopus 로고
    • Parkinsonism induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP): Implications for treatment and the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease
    • Langston, J. W. & Ballard, P. Parkinsonism induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP): implications for treatment and the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 11, 160-165 (1984).
    • (1984) Can. J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.11 , pp. 160-165
    • Langston, J.W.1    Ballard, P.2
  • 30
    • 0032736127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative assessment of dyskinesias in subhuman primates
    • Brotchie, J. M. & Fox, S. H. Quantitative assessment of dyskinesias in subhuman primates. Mov. Disord 14, 40-47 (1999).
    • (1999) Mov. Disord , vol.14 , pp. 40-47
    • Brotchie, J.M.1    Fox, S.H.2
  • 32
    • 0032536767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of L-DOPA on neuronal activity of the globus pallidus extemalis (GPe) and globus pallidus intemalis (GPi) in the MPTP-treated monkey
    • Boraud, T., Bezard, E., Guehl, D., Bioulac, B. & Gross, C. Effects of L-DOPA on neuronal activity of the globus pallidus extemalis (GPe) and globus pallidus intemalis (GPi) in the MPTP-treated monkey. Brain Res. 787, 157-160 (1998).
    • (1998) Brain Res. , vol.787 , pp. 157-160
    • Boraud, T.1    Bezard, E.2    Guehl, D.3    Bioulac, B.4    Gross, C.5
  • 33
    • 0026635584 scopus 로고
    • A 2-deoxyglucose study of the effects of dopamine agonists on the parkinsonian primate brain. Implications for the neural mechanisms that mediate dopamine agonist-induced dyskinesia
    • Mitchell, I. J., Boyce, S., Sambrook, M. A. & Crossman, A. R. A 2-deoxyglucose study of the effects of dopamine agonists on the parkinsonian primate brain. Implications for the neural mechanisms that mediate dopamine agonist-induced dyskinesia. Brain 115, 809-824 (1992).
    • (1992) Brain , vol.115 , pp. 809-824
    • Mitchell, I.J.1    Boyce, S.2    Sambrook, M.A.3    Crossman, A.R.4
  • 34
    • 0031031536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consequences of nigrostriatal denervation on the functioning of the basal ganglia in human and nonhuman primates: An in situ hybridization study of cytochrome oxidase subunit I mRNA
    • Vila, M. et al. Consequences of nigrostriatal denervation on the functioning of the basal ganglia in human and nonhuman primates: an in situ hybridization study of cytochrome oxidase subunit I mRNA J. Neurosci. 17, 765-773 (1997).
    • (1997) J. Neurosci. , vol.17 , pp. 765-773
    • Vila, M.1
  • 35
    • 0032722841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internal globus pallidus discharge is nearly suppressed during levodopa-induced dyskinesias
    • Papa, S. M., Desimone, R., Fiorani, M. & Oldfield, E. H. Internal globus pallidus discharge is nearly suppressed during levodopa-induced dyskinesias. Ann. Neurol. 46, 732-738 (1999).
    • (1999) Ann. Neurol. , vol.46 , pp. 732-738
    • Papa, S.M.1    Desimone, R.2    Fiorani, M.3    Oldfield, E.H.4
  • 36
    • 0034027547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal recordings in Parkinson's disease patients with dyskinesias induced by apomorphine
    • Lozano, A. M., Lang, A. E., Levy, R., Hutchison, W. & Dostrovsky. J. Neuronal recordings in Parkinson's disease patients with dyskinesias induced by apomorphine. Ann. Neurol. 47, S141-146 (2000).
    • (2000) Ann. Neurol. , vol.47
    • Lozano, A.M.1    Lang, A.E.2    Levy, R.3    Hutchison, W.4    Dostrovsky, J.5
  • 37
    • 0025818631 scopus 로고
    • Effects of dopamine agonists on the spontaneous activity of globus pallidus neurons in monkeys with MPTP-induced parkinsonism
    • Filion, M., Tremblay, L. & Bedard, P. J. Effects of dopamine agonists on the spontaneous activity of globus pallidus neurons in monkeys with MPTP-induced parkinsonism. Brain Res. 547, 152-161 (1991).
    • (1991) Brain Res. , vol.547 , pp. 152-161
    • Filion, M.1    Tremblay, L.2    Bedard, P.J.3
  • 38
    • 0024397741 scopus 로고
    • Neural mechanisms underlying parkinsonian symptoms based upon regional uptake of 2-deoxyglucose in monkeys exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
    • Mitchell, I. J. et al. Neural mechanisms underlying parkinsonian symptoms based upon regional uptake of 2-deoxyglucose in monkeys exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Neuroscience 32, 213-226 (1989).
    • (1989) Neuroscience , vol.32 , pp. 213-226
    • Mitchell, I.J.1
  • 39
    • 0345876088 scopus 로고
    • Effects of interruption of the nigrostriatal pathway and of dopaminergic agents on the spontaneous activity of globus pallidus neurons in the awake monkey
    • Filion, M. Effects of interruption of the nigrostriatal pathway and of dopaminergic agents on the spontaneous activity of globus pallidus neurons in the awake monkey. Brain Res. 547, 142-151 (1979).
    • (1979) Brain Res. , vol.547 , pp. 142-151
    • Filion, M.1
  • 40
    • 0035104574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine agonist-induced dyskinesias are correlated to both firing pattern and frequency alteration of pallidal neurons in the MPTP-treated monkey
    • Boraud, T., Bezard, E., Bioulac, B. & Gross, C. Dopamine agonist-induced dyskinesias are correlated to both firing pattern and frequency alteration of pallidal neurons in the MPTP-treated monkey. Brain 124, 546-557 (2001).
    • (2001) Brain , vol.124 , pp. 546-557
    • Boraud, T.1    Bezard, E.2    Bioulac, B.3    Gross, C.4
  • 41
    • 0030853296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of apomorphine on globus pallidus neurons in parkinsonian patients
    • Hutchinson, W. D., Levy, R., Dostrovsky, J. O., Lozano, A. M. & Lang, A. E. Effects of apomorphine on globus pallidus neurons in parkinsonian patients. Ann. Neurol. 42, 767-775 (1997).
    • (1997) Ann. Neurol. , vol.42 , pp. 767-775
    • Hutchinson, W.D.1    Levy, R.2    Dostrovsky, J.O.3    Lozano, A.M.4    Lang, A.E.5
  • 42
    • 0030700714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of increasing doses of apomorphine during stereotaxic neurosurgery in Parkinson's disease: Clinical score and internal globus pallidus activity
    • Stefani, A. et al. Effects of increasing doses of apomorphine during stereotaxic neurosurgery in Parkinson's disease: clinical score and internal globus pallidus activity. J. Neural Transm. 104, 895-904 (1997).
    • (1997) J. Neural Transm. , vol.104 , pp. 895-904
    • Stefani, A.1
  • 44
    • 0031882302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical motor overactivation in parkinsonian patients with L-dopa-induced peak-dose dyskinesia
    • Rascol, O. et al. Cortical motor overactivation in parkinsonian patients with L-dopa-induced peak-dose dyskinesia. Brain 121, 527-533 (1998).
    • (1998) Brain , vol.121 , pp. 527-533
    • Rascol, O.1
  • 45
    • 0031893636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pallidotomy for Parkinson's disease
    • Lozano, A. M. & Lang, A. E. Pallidotomy for Parkinson's disease. Neurosurg. Clin. N. Am. 9, 325-336 (1998).
    • (1998) Neurosurg. Clin. N. Am. , vol.9 , pp. 325-336
    • Lozano, A.M.1    Lang, A.E.2
  • 46
    • 0014930392 scopus 로고
    • L-Dopa-induced release of cerebral monoamines
    • Ng, K. Y., Chase, T. N., Colburn, R. W. & Kopin, I. J. L-Dopa-induced release of cerebral monoamines. Science 170, 76-77 (1970).
    • (1970) Science , vol.170 , pp. 76-77
    • Ng, K.Y.1    Chase, T.N.2    Colburn, R.W.3    Kopin, I.J.4
  • 47
    • 0018872684 scopus 로고
    • Serotonergic neurones are not involved in action of L-dopa in Parkinson's disease
    • Melamed, E., Hefti, F., Liebman, J., Schlosberg, A. J. & Wurtman, R. J. Serotonergic neurones are not involved in action of L-dopa in Parkinson's disease. Nature 283, 772-774 (1980).
    • (1980) Nature , vol.283 , pp. 772-774
    • Melamed, E.1    Hefti, F.2    Liebman, J.3    Schlosberg, A.J.4    Wurtman, R.J.5
  • 48
    • 0019426303 scopus 로고
    • Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase in rat corpus striatum: Implications for action of L-dopa in parkinsonism
    • Melamed, E., Hefti, F., Pettibone, D. J., Liebman, J. & Wurtman, R. J. Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase in rat corpus striatum: implications for action of L-dopa in parkinsonism. Neurology 31, 651-655 (1981).
    • (1981) Neurology , vol.31 , pp. 651-655
    • Melamed, E.1    Hefti, F.2    Pettibone, D.J.3    Liebman, J.4    Wurtman, R.J.5
  • 49
    • 0035925693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of the effects of exogenous levodopa on the dopamine-denervated striatum
    • Lopez, A., Munoz, A., Guerra, M. J. & Labandeira-Garcia, J. L. Mechanisms of the effects of exogenous levodopa on the dopamine-denervated striatum. Neuroscience 103, 639-651 (2001).
    • (2001) Neuroscience , vol.103 , pp. 639-651
    • Lopez, A.1    Munoz, A.2    Guerra, M.J.3    Labandeira-Garcia, J.L.4
  • 50
    • 0033696872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous dopamine-receptor stimulation in advanced Parkinson's disease
    • Nutt, J. G., Obeso, J. A. & Stocchi, F. Continuous dopamine-receptor stimulation in advanced Parkinson's disease. Trends Neurosci. 23, 109-115 (2000).
    • (2000) Trends Neurosci. , vol.23 , pp. 109-115
    • Nutt, J.G.1    Obeso, J.A.2    Stocchi, F.3
  • 51
    • 0033695789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous dopamine-receptor stimulation in early Parkinson's disease
    • Olanow, W., Schapira, A. H. & Rascol, O. Continuous dopamine-receptor stimulation in early Parkinson's disease. Trends Neurosci. 23, 117-126 (2000).
    • (2000) Trends Neurosci. , vol.23 , pp. 117-126
    • Olanow, W.1    Schapira, A.H.2    Rascol, O.3
  • 52
    • 0031923068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous subcutaneous waking day apomorphine in the long term treatment of levodopa induced interdose dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease
    • Colzi, A., Turner, K. & Lees, A. J. Continuous subcutaneous waking day apomorphine in the long term treatment of levodopa induced interdose dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 64, 573-576 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry , vol.64 , pp. 573-576
    • Colzi, A.1    Turner, K.2    Lees, A.J.3
  • 53
    • 0021211101 scopus 로고
    • Control of on/off phenomenon by continuous intravenous infusion of levodopa
    • Quinn, N., Parkes, J. D. & Marsden, C. D. Control of on/off phenomenon by continuous intravenous infusion of levodopa. Neurology 34, 1131-1136 (1984).
    • (1984) Neurology , vol.34 , pp. 1131-1136
    • Quinn, N.1    Parkes, J.D.2    Marsden, C.D.3
  • 54
    • 0022608793 scopus 로고
    • Repeated levodopa infusions in fluctuating Parkinson's disease: Clinical and pharmacokinetic data
    • Marion, M. H., Stocchi, F., Quinn, N. P., Jenner, P. & Marsden, C. D. Repeated levodopa infusions in fluctuating Parkinson's disease: clinical and pharmacokinetic data. Clin. Neuropharmacol. 9, 165-181 (1986).
    • (1986) Clin. Neuropharmacol. , vol.9 , pp. 165-181
    • Marion, M.H.1    Stocchi, F.2    Quinn, N.P.3    Jenner, P.4    Marsden, C.D.5
  • 55
    • 0034069554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventing levodopa-induced dyskinesias
    • Olanow, C. W. & Obeso, J. A. Preventing levodopa-induced dyskinesias. Ann. Neurol. 47, 5167-178 (2000).
    • (2000) Ann. Neurol. , vol.47 , pp. 5167-5178
    • Olanow, C.W.1    Obeso, J.A.2
  • 56
    • 0017603372 scopus 로고
    • Plasma O-methyldopa in levodopa-induced dyskinesias. A bioclinical investigation
    • Feuerstein, C. et al. Plasma O-methyldopa in levodopa-induced dyskinesias. A bioclinical investigation. Acta Neurol. Scand. 56, 508-524 (1977).
    • (1977) Acta Neurol. Scand. , vol.56 , pp. 508-524
    • Feuerstein, C.1
  • 57
    • 0026466317 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of levodopa
    • Montgomery, E. B. Jr Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of levodopa. Neurology 42, 17-22 (1992).
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , pp. 17-22
    • Montgomery Jr., E.B.1
  • 58
    • 12644293806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia is associated with elevated amphetamine-induced synaptic dopamine concentrations: Evidence from a novel positron emission tomography method
    • Breier, A. et al. Schizophrenia is associated with elevated amphetamine-induced synaptic dopamine concentrations: evidence from a novel positron emission tomography method. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94, 2569-2574 (1997).
    • (1997) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.94 , pp. 2569-2574
    • Breier, A.1
  • 59
    • 0031023088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-Dopa modulates striatal dopaminergic function in vivo: Evidence from PET investigations in nonhuman primates
    • Tedroff, J. et al. L-Dopa modulates striatal dopaminergic function in vivo: evidence from PET investigations in nonhuman primates. Synapse 25, 56-61 (1997).
    • (1997) Synapse , vol.25 , pp. 56-61
    • Tedroff, J.1
  • 60
    • 0029904201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 11C]raclopride displacement and PET
    • 11C]raclopride displacement and PET. Neurology 46, 1430-1436 (1996).
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.46 , pp. 1430-1436
    • Tedroff, J.1
  • 61
    • 0035092779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemical variations in the synaptic level of dopamine precede motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: PET evidence of increased dopamine turnover
    • De la Fuente-Femandez, R. et al. Biochemical variations in the synaptic level of dopamine precede motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: PET evidence of increased dopamine turnover. Ann. Neurol. 49, 298-303 (2001).
    • (2001) Ann. Neurol. , vol.49 , pp. 298-303
    • De La Fuente-Femandez, R.1
  • 62
    • 0017796919 scopus 로고
    • Receptor basis for dopaminergic supersensitivity in Parkinson's disease
    • Lee, T., Seeman, P., Rajput, A., Farley, I. J. & Hornykiewicz, O. Receptor basis for dopaminergic supersensitivity in Parkinson's disease. Nature 273, 150-151 (1978).
    • (1978) Nature , vol.273 , pp. 150-151
    • Lee, T.1    Seeman, P.2    Rajput, A.3    Farley, I.J.4    Hornykiewicz, O.5
  • 63
    • 0017651245 scopus 로고
    • Dopamine receptor binding enhancement accompanies lesion-induced behavioral supersensitivity
    • Creese, I., Burt, D. R. & Snyder, S. H. Dopamine receptor binding enhancement accompanies lesion-induced behavioral supersensitivity. Science 197, 596-598 (1977).
    • (1977) Science , vol.197 , pp. 596-598
    • Creese, I.1    Burt, D.R.2    Snyder, S.H.3
  • 64
    • 0027536733 scopus 로고
    • Differential effect of chronic dopaminergic treatment on dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in the monkey brain in MPTP-induced parkinsonism
    • Graham, W.C., Sambrook, M.A. & Crossman, A.R. Differential effect of chronic dopaminergic treatment on dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in the monkey brain in MPTP-induced parkinsonism. Brain Res. 602, 290-303 (1993).
    • (1993) Brain Res. , vol.602 , pp. 290-303
    • Graham, W.C.1    Sambrook, M.A.2    Crossman, A.R.3
  • 65
    • 0025572196 scopus 로고
    • D1 and D2 dopamine receptor-regulated gene expression of striatonigral and striatopallidal neurons
    • Gerfen, C. R. et al. D1 and D2 dopamine receptor-regulated gene expression of striatonigral and striatopallidal neurons. Science 250, 1429-1432 (1990).
    • (1990) Science , vol.250 , pp. 1429-1432
    • Gerfen, C.R.1
  • 66
    • 0027354026 scopus 로고
    • Dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in Parkinson's disease and striatonigral degeneration determined by PET
    • Shinotoh, H., Hirayarna, K. & Tateno, Y. Dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in Parkinson's disease and striatonigral degeneration determined by PET. Adv. Neurol. 60, 488-493 (1993).
    • (1993) Adv. Neurol. , vol.60 , pp. 488-493
    • Shinotoh, H.1    Hirayarna, K.2    Tateno, Y.3
  • 67
    • 0026612088 scopus 로고
    • 11C-raclopride and positron emission tomography
    • 11C-raclopride and positron emission tomography. Ann. Neurol. 31, 184-192 (1992).
    • (1992) Ann. Neurol. , vol.31 , pp. 184-192
    • Brooks, D.J.1
  • 68
    • 0027264960 scopus 로고
    • Dopamine D1 receptors in Parkinson's disease and striatonigral degeneration: A positron emission tomography study
    • Shinotoh, H. et al. Dopamine D1 receptors in Parkinson's disease and striatonigral degeneration: a positron emission tomography study. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 56, 467-472 (1993).
    • (1993) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry , vol.56 , pp. 467-472
    • Shinotoh, H.1
  • 69
    • 0027340692 scopus 로고
    • Localization of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in brain with subtype-specific antibodies
    • Levey, A. I. et al. Localization of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in brain with subtype-specific antibodies. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 90, 8861-8885 (1993).
    • (1993) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.90 , pp. 8861-8885
    • Levey, A.I.1
  • 70
    • 0032031565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internalization of D1 dopamine receptor in striatal neurons in vivo as evidence of activation by dopamine agonists
    • Dumartin, B., Caillé, I., Gonon, F. & Bloch, B. Internalization of D1 dopamine receptor in striatal neurons in vivo as evidence of activation by dopamine agonists. J. Neurosci. 18, 1650-1651 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Neurosci. , vol.18 , pp. 1650-1651
    • Dumartin, B.1    Caillé, I.2    Gonon, F.3    Bloch, B.4
  • 71
    • 0033014107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levodopa induces a cytoplasmic localization of D1 dopamine receptors in striatal neurons in Parkinson's disease
    • Muriel, M. P. et al. Levodopa induces a cytoplasmic localization of D1 dopamine receptors in striatal neurons in Parkinson's disease. Ann. Neurol. 46, 103-111 (1999).
    • (1999) Ann. Neurol. , vol.46 , pp. 103-111
    • Muriel, M.P.1
  • 72
    • 0020696442 scopus 로고
    • A dopamine-and cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein enriched in dopamine-innervated brain regions
    • Walaas, S. I., Aswaad, S. W. & Greengard, P. A dopamine-and cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein enriched in dopamine-innervated brain regions. Nature 301, 69-71 (1984).
    • (1984) Nature , vol.301 , pp. 69-71
    • Walaas, S.I.1    Aswaad, S.W.2    Greengard, P.3
  • 73
    • 0033710030 scopus 로고
    • Molecular effects of dopamine on striatal-projection pathways
    • Gerfen, C. R. Molecular effects of dopamine on striatal-projection pathways. Trends Neurosci. 23, S64-70 (1995).
    • (1995) Trends Neurosci. , vol.23
    • Gerfen, C.R.1
  • 74
    • 0032527883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A complex program of striatal gene expression induced by dopaminergic stimulation
    • Berke, J. D., Paletzki, R. F., Aronson, G. J., Hyman, S. E. & Gerfen, C. R. A complex program of striatal gene expression induced by dopaminergic stimulation. J. Neurosci. 18, 5301-5310 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Neurosci. , vol.18 , pp. 5301-5310
    • Berke, J.D.1    Paletzki, R.F.2    Aronson, G.J.3    Hyman, S.E.4    Gerfen, C.R.5
  • 75
    • 0029620358 scopus 로고
    • D1 and D2 dopamine receptor function h the striatum: Ccactivation of D1- And D2-dopamine receptors on separate populations of neurons results in potentiated immediate early gene responses in D1-containing neurons
    • Gerfen, C. R., Keefe, K. A. & Gauda, E. B. D1 and D2 dopamine receptor function h the striatum: ccactivation of D1-and D2-dopamine receptors on separate populations of neurons results in potentiated immediate early gene responses in D1-containing neurons. J. Neurosci. 15, 8167-8176 (1995).
    • (1995) J. Neurosci. , vol.15 , pp. 8167-8176
    • Gerfen, C.R.1    Keefe, K.A.2    Gauda, E.B.3
  • 76
    • 0030480308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynorphin regulates D1 dopamine receptor-mediated responses in the striatum: Relative contributions of pre- And postsynaptic mechanisms in dorsal and ventral striatum demonstrated by altered immediate-early gene expression
    • Steiner, H. & Gerfen, C. R. Dynorphin regulates D1 dopamine receptor-mediated responses in the striatum: relative contributions of pre-and postsynaptic mechanisms in dorsal and ventral striatum demonstrated by altered immediate-early gene expression. J. Comp. Neurol. 376, 530-541 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.376 , pp. 530-541
    • Steiner, H.1    Gerfen, C.R.2
  • 77
    • 0025919702 scopus 로고
    • Effect of D1 and D2 agonists and antagonists on dyskinesia produced by L-DOPA in MPTP-treated monkeys
    • Gomez-Mancilla, B. & Bedard, P. J. Effect of D1 and D2 agonists and antagonists on dyskinesia produced by L-DOPA in MPTP-treated monkeys. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 259, 409-413 (1991).
    • (1991) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.259 , pp. 409-413
    • Gomez-Mancilla, B.1    Bedard, P.J.2
  • 78
    • 0031930772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • De novo administration of ropinirole and bromocriptine induces less dyskinesia than L-dopa in the MPTP-treated marmoset
    • Pearce, R. K., Banerji, T., Jenner, P. & Marsden, C. D. De novo administration of ropinirole and bromocriptine induces less dyskinesia than L-dopa in the MPTP-treated marmoset. Mov. Disord. 13, 234-241 (1998).
    • (1998) Mov. Disord. , vol.13 , pp. 234-241
    • Pearce, R.K.1    Banerji, T.2    Jenner, P.3    Marsden, C.D.4
  • 79
    • 0034126269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical treatment of levodopa-induced dyskinesias
    • Rascol, O. Medical treatment of levodopa-induced dyskinesias. Ann. Neurol. 47, S179-183 (2000).
    • (2000) Ann. Neurol. , vol.47
    • Rascol, O.1
  • 80
    • 0034100216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomical and physiological evidence for D-1 and D-2 dopamine receptor colocalization in neostriatal neurons
    • Aizman, O. et al. Anatomical and physiological evidence for D-1 and D-2 dopamine receptor colocalization in neostriatal neurons. Nature Neurosci. 3, 226-230 (2000).
    • (2000) Nature Neurosci. , vol.3 , pp. 226-230
    • Aizman, O.1
  • 81
    • 0026730107 scopus 로고
    • 3H]hydroxy-N,N-di-n-propyl-2-aminotetralin
    • 3H]hydroxy-N,N-di-n-propyl-2-aminotetralin. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 89, 8155-8159 (1992).
    • (1992) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.89 , pp. 8155-8159
    • Levesque, D.1
  • 82
    • 0025179967 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dopamine receptor (D3) as a target for neuroleptics
    • Sokoloff, P., Giros, B., Martres, M.-P. Bouthenet, M.-L. & Schwartz, J.-C. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dopamine receptor (D3) as a target for neuroleptics. Nature 347, 146-151 (1990).
    • (1990) Nature , vol.347 , pp. 146-151
    • Sokoloff, P.1    Giros, B.2    Martres, M.-P.3    Bouthenet, M.-L.4    Schwartz, J.-C.5
  • 83
    • 0028945807 scopus 로고
    • A paradoxical regulation of the dopamine D3 receptor expression suggests the involvement of an anterograde factor from dopamine neurons
    • Levesque, D. et al. A paradoxical regulation of the dopamine D3 receptor expression suggests the involvement of an anterograde factor from dopamine neurons. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 92, 1719-1723 (1995).
    • (1995) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.92 , pp. 1719-1723
    • Levesque, D.1
  • 84
    • 0030611777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of dopamine D3 receptor expression as a mechanism of behavioral sensitization to levodopa
    • Bordet, R. et al. Induction of dopamine D3 receptor expression as a mechanism of behavioral sensitization to levodopa. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94, 3363-3367 (1997).
    • (1997) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.94 , pp. 3363-3367
    • Bordet, R.1
  • 85
    • 0033595283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective inhibition of cocaine-seeking behaviour by a partial dopamine D3 receptor agonist
    • Pilla, M. et al. Selective inhibition of cocaine-seeking behaviour by a partial dopamine D3 receptor agonist. Nature 400, 371-375 (1999).
    • (1999) Nature , vol.400 , pp. 371-375
    • Pilla, M.1
  • 86
    • 0034078964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of the direct striatonigral pathway in levodopa-induced sensitization in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats
    • Bordet, R., Ridray, S., Schwartz, J. C. & Sokoloff, P. Involvement of the direct striatonigral pathway in levodopa-induced sensitization in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Eur. J. Neurosci. 12, 2117-2123 (2000).
    • (2000) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.12 , pp. 2117-2123
    • Bordet, R.1    Ridray, S.2    Schwartz, J.C.3    Sokoloff, P.4
  • 87
    • 0032801718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From experimentation to the surgical treatment of Parkinson's disease: Prelude or suite in basal ganglia research?
    • Gross, C. E., Boraud, T., Guehl, D., Bioulac, B. & Bezard, E. From experimentation to the surgical treatment of Parkinson's disease: prelude or suite in basal ganglia research? Prog. Neurobiol. 56, 509-532 (1999).
    • (1999) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.56 , pp. 509-532
    • Gross, C.E.1    Boraud, T.2    Guehl, D.3    Bioulac, B.4    Bezard, E.5
  • 88
    • 0028816344 scopus 로고
    • Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia I. The cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop
    • Parent, A. & Hazrati, L-N. Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia I. The cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop. Brain Res. Rev. 20, 91-127 (1995).
    • (1995) Brain Res. Rev. , vol.20 , pp. 91-127
    • Parent, A.1    Hazrati, L.-N.2
  • 89
    • 0028101199 scopus 로고
    • Postsynaptic integration of glutamatergic and dopaminergic signals in the striatum
    • Kotter, R. Postsynaptic integration of glutamatergic and dopaminergic signals in the striatum. Prog. Neurobiol. 44, 163-196 (1994).
    • (1994) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.44 , pp. 163-196
    • Kotter, R.1
  • 90
    • 0030064639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The corticostriatal projection: From synaptic plasticity to dysfunctions of the basal ganglia
    • Calabresi, P., Pisani, A., Mercuri, N. B. & Bernardi, G. The corticostriatal projection: from synaptic plasticity to dysfunctions of the basal ganglia. Trends Neurosci. 19, 19-24 (1996).
    • (1996) Trends Neurosci. , vol.19 , pp. 19-24
    • Calabresi, P.1    Pisani, A.2    Mercuri, N.B.3    Bernardi, G.4
  • 91
    • 0030950755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synaptic plasticity and physiological interactions between dopamine and glutamate in the striatum
    • Calabresi, P., Pisani, A., Centonze, D. & Bernardi, G. Synaptic plasticity and physiological interactions between dopamine and glutamate in the striatum. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 21, 519-523 (1997).
    • (1997) Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. , vol.21 , pp. 519-523
    • Calabresi, P.1    Pisani, A.2    Centonze, D.3    Bernardi, G.4
  • 92
    • 0034099308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synaptic transmission in the striatum: From plasticity to neurodegeneration
    • Calabresi, P. et al. Synaptic transmission in the striatum: from plasticity to neurodegeneration. Prog. Neurobiol. 61, 231-265 (2000).
    • (2000) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.61 , pp. 231-265
    • Calabresi, P.1
  • 93
    • 0035970067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine-dependent synaptic plasticity in striatum during in vivo development
    • Tang, K. C., Low, M. J., Grandy, D. K. & Lovinger, D. M. Dopamine-dependent synaptic plasticity in striatum during in vivo development. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98, 1255-1260 (2001).
    • (2001) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.98 , pp. 1255-1260
    • Tang, K.C.1    Low, M.J.2    Grandy, D.K.3    Lovinger, D.M.4
  • 94
    • 0033974271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations in subunit expression, composition, and phosphorylation of striatal N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors in a rat 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson's disease
    • Dunah, A. W. et al. Alterations in subunit expression, composition, and phosphorylation of striatal N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors in a rat 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson's disease. Mol. Pharmacol. 57, 342-352 (2000).
    • (2000) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.57 , pp. 342-352
    • Dunah, A.W.1
  • 95
    • 0035857739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unilateral dopamine depletion increases expression of the 2A subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in enkephalin-positive and enkephalin-negative neurons
    • Ganguly, A. & Keefe, K. A. Unilateral dopamine depletion increases expression of the 2A subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in enkephalin-positive and enkephalin-negative neurons. Neuroscience 103, 405-412 (2001).
    • (2001) Neuroscience , vol.103 , pp. 405-412
    • Ganguly, A.1    Keefe, K.A.2
  • 96
    • 0027409146 scopus 로고
    • Morphological changes in the rat neostriatum after unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine injections into the nigrostriatal pathway
    • Ingham, C.A., Hood, S.H., Maldegem, V.B., Weenink, A. & Arbuthnott, G. W. Morphological changes in the rat neostriatum after unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine injections into the nigrostriatal pathway. Exp. Brain Res. 93, 17-27 (1993).
    • (1993) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.93 , pp. 17-27
    • Ingham, C.A.1    Hood, S.H.2    Maldegem, V.B.3    Weenink, A.4    Arbuthnott, G.W.5
  • 97
    • 0029556408 scopus 로고
    • Tyrosine phosphorylation of NMDA receptor in rat striatum: Effects of 6-OHDA lesions
    • Menegoz, M., Lau, L. F. Herve, D., Huganir, R. L. & Girault, J. A. Tyrosine phosphorylation of NMDA receptor in rat striatum: effects of 6-OHDA lesions. Neuroreport 7, 125-128 (1995).
    • (1995) Neuroreport , vol.7 , pp. 125-128
    • Menegoz, M.1    Lau, L.F.2    Herve, D.3    Huganir, R.L.4    Girault, J.A.5
  • 98
    • 0020060961 scopus 로고
    • Neostriatal enkephalin-immunoreactive neurons project to the globus pallidus
    • Del Fiacco, M., Paxinos, G. & Cuello, A. C. Neostriatal enkephalin-immunoreactive neurons project to the globus pallidus. Brain Res. 231, 1-17 (1982).
    • (1982) Brain Res. , vol.231 , pp. 1-17
    • Del Fiacco, M.1    Paxinos, G.2    Cuello, A.C.3
  • 99
    • 0028013263 scopus 로고
    • On the role of enkephalin cotransmission in the GABAergic striatal efferents to the globus pallidus
    • Maneuf, Y. P., Mitchell, I. J., Crossman, A. R. & Brotchie, J. M. On the role of enkephalin cotransmission in the GABAergic striatal efferents to the globus pallidus. Exp. Neurol. 125, 65-71 (1994).
    • (1994) Exp. Neurol. , vol.125 , pp. 65-71
    • Maneuf, Y.P.1    Mitchell, I.J.2    Crossman, A.R.3    Brotchie, J.M.4
  • 101
    • 0029762313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential of opioid antagonists in the treatment of levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease
    • Henry, B. & Brotchie, J. M. Potential of opioid antagonists in the treatment of levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease. Drugs Aging 9, 149-158 (1996).
    • (1996) Drugs Aging , vol.9 , pp. 149-158
    • Henry, B.1    Brotchie, J.M.2
  • 102
    • 0028981472 scopus 로고
    • Effects of L-dopa on preproenkephalin and preprotachykinin gene expression in the MPTP-treated monkey striatum
    • Herrero, M. T. et al. Effects of L-dopa on preproenkephalin and preprotachykinin gene expression in the MPTP-treated monkey striatum. Neuroscience 68, 1189-1198 (1995).
    • (1995) Neuroscience , vol.68 , pp. 1189-1198
    • Herrero, M.T.1
  • 103
    • 0032902460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential regulation of striatal preproenkephalin and preprotachykinin mRNA levels in MPTP-lesioned monkeys chronically treated with dopamine D-1 or D-2 receptor agonists
    • Morissette, M., Grondin, R., Goulet, M., Bedard, P. J. & Di Paolo, T. Differential regulation of striatal preproenkephalin and preprotachykinin mRNA levels in MPTP-lesioned monkeys chronically treated with dopamine D-1 or D-2 receptor agonists. J. Neurochem. 72, 682-692 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Neurochem. , vol.72 , pp. 682-692
    • Morissette, M.1    Grondin, R.2    Goulet, M.3    Bedard, P.J.4    Di Paolo, T.5
  • 104
    • 0034103771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations in preproenkephalin and adenosine-2a receptor mRNA, but not preprotachykinin mRNA correlate with occurrence of dyskinesia in normal monkeys chronically treated with L-DOPA
    • Zeng, B. Y., Pearce, R. K. B., MacKenzie, G. M. & Jenner, P. Alterations in preproenkephalin and adenosine-2a receptor mRNA, but not preprotachykinin mRNA correlate with occurrence of dyskinesia in normal monkeys chronically treated with L-DOPA. Eur. J. Neurosci. 12, 1096-1104 (2000).
    • (2000) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.12 , pp. 1096-1104
    • Zeng, B.Y.1    Pearce, R.K.B.2    MacKenzie, G.M.3    Jenner, P.4
  • 105
    • 0035875944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endomorphin-1: Induction of motor behavior and lack of receptor desensitization
    • Mehta, A., Bot, G., Reisine, T. & Chesselet, M. F. Endomorphin-1: induction of motor behavior and lack of receptor desensitization. J. Neurosci. 21, 4436-4442 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Neurosci. , vol.21 , pp. 4436-4442
    • Mehta, A.1    Bot, G.2    Reisine, T.3    Chesselet, M.F.4
  • 106
    • 0025944714 scopus 로고
    • Dopamine differentially regulates dynorphin, substance P, and enkephalin expression in striatal neurons: In situ hybridization histochemical analysis
    • Gerfen, C. R., McGinty, J. F. & Young, W. S. Dopamine differentially regulates dynorphin, substance P, and enkephalin expression in striatal neurons: in situ hybridization histochemical analysis. J. Neurosci. 11, 1016-1031 (1991).
    • (1991) J. Neurosci. , vol.11 , pp. 1016-1031
    • Gerfen, C.R.1    McGinty, J.F.2    Young, W.S.3
  • 107
    • 0025765058 scopus 로고
    • Levodopa replacement therapy alters enzyme activities in striatum and neuropeptide content in striatal output regions of 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rats
    • Engber, T. M., Susel, Z., Kuo, S., Gerfen, C. R. & Chase, T. N. Levodopa replacement therapy alters enzyme activities in striatum and neuropeptide content in striatal output regions of 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rats. Brain Res. 552, 113-118 (1991).
    • (1991) Brain Res. , vol.552 , pp. 113-118
    • Engber, T.M.1    Susel, Z.2    Kuo, S.3    Gerfen, C.R.4    Chase, T.N.5
  • 108
    • 0029028111 scopus 로고
    • Functional implications of κ-opioid receptor-mediated modulation of glutamate transmission in the output regions of the basal ganglia in rodent and primate models of Parkinson's disease
    • Maneuf, Y. P., Mitchell, I. J., Crossman, A. R., Woodruff, G. N. & Brotchie, J. M. Functional implications of κ-opioid receptor-mediated modulation of glutamate transmission in the output regions of the basal ganglia in rodent and primate models of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res. 683, 102-108 (1995).
    • (1995) Brain Res. , vol.683 , pp. 102-108
    • Maneuf, Y.P.1    Mitchell, I.J.2    Crossman, A.R.3    Woodruff, G.N.4    Brotchie, J.M.5
  • 109
    • 0029165070 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of glutamate release by κ-opioid receptor agonist in rodent and primate striatum
    • Hill, M. P. Modulation of glutamate release by κ-opioid receptor agonist in rodent and primate striatum. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 281, R1-2 (1995).
    • (1995) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.281
    • Hill, M.P.1
  • 110
    • 0027501583 scopus 로고
    • The opiate antagonist naloxone suppresses a rodent model of tardive dyskinesia
    • Stoessl, A. J., Polanski, E. & Frydryszak, H. The opiate antagonist naloxone suppresses a rodent model of tardive dyskinesia. Mov. Disord. 8, 445-452 (1993).
    • (1993) Mov. Disord. , vol.8 , pp. 445-452
    • Stoessl, A.J.1    Polanski, E.2    Frydryszak, H.3
  • 111
    • 0030727688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations in opioid receptor binding in Parkinson's disease patients with levodopa-induced dyskinesias
    • Piccini, P., Weeks, R. A. & Brooks, D. J. Alterations in opioid receptor binding in Parkinson's disease patients with levodopa-induced dyskinesias. Ann. Neurol. 42, 720-726 (1997).
    • (1997) Ann. Neurol. , vol.42 , pp. 720-726
    • Piccini, P.1    Weeks, R.A.2    Brooks, D.J.3
  • 112
    • 0035036009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations in cortical and basal ganglia levels of opioid receptor binding in a rat model of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia
    • Johansson, P. A., Andersson, M., Andersson, K. E. & Cenci, M. A. Alterations in cortical and basal ganglia levels of opioid receptor binding in a rat model of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Neurobiol. Dis. 8, 220-239 (2001).
    • (2001) Neurobiol. Dis. , vol.8 , pp. 220-239
    • Johansson, P.A.1    Andersson, M.2    Andersson, K.E.3    Cenci, M.A.4
  • 113
    • 0031739073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adjuncts to dopamine replacement: A pragmatic approach to reducing the problem of dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease
    • Brotchie, J. M. Adjuncts to dopamine replacement: a pragmatic approach to reducing the problem of dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease. Mov. Disord. 13, 871-876 (1998).
    • (1998) Mov. Disord. , vol.13 , pp. 871-876
    • Brotchie, J.M.1
  • 114
    • 0034745615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction by dopamine D-1 receptor agonist ABT-431 of dyskinesia similar to levodopa in patients with Parkinson disease
    • Rascol, O. et al. Induction by dopamine D-1 receptor agonist ABT-431 of dyskinesia similar to levodopa in patients with Parkinson disease. Arch. Neurol. 58, 249-254 (2001).
    • (2001) Arch. Neurol. , vol.58 , pp. 249-254
    • Rascol, O.1
  • 116
    • 0032484630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opposite roles of D1 and D5 dopamine receptors in locomotion revealed by selective antisense oligonudeotides
    • Dziewczapolski, G. et al. Opposite roles of D1 and D5 dopamine receptors in locomotion revealed by selective antisense oligonudeotides. Neuroreport 9, 1-5 (1998).
    • (1998) Neuroreport , vol.9 , pp. 1-5
    • Dziewczapolski, G.1
  • 117
    • 0029665122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levodopa-induced dyskinesias improved by a glutamate antagonist in parkinsonian monkeys
    • Papa, S. M. & Chase, T. N. Levodopa-induced dyskinesias improved by a glutamate antagonist in parkinsonian monkeys. Ann. Neurol. 39, 574-578 (1996).
    • (1996) Ann. Neurol. , vol.39 , pp. 574-578
    • Papa, S.M.1    Chase, T.N.2
  • 118
    • 0031689728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amantadine reduces levodopa-induced dyskinesias in parkinsonian monkeys
    • Blanchet, P. J., Konitsiotis, S. & Chase, T. N. Amantadine reduces levodopa-induced dyskinesias in parkinsonian monkeys. Mov. Disord. 13, 798-802 (1998).
    • (1998) Mov. Disord. , vol.13 , pp. 798-802
    • Blanchet, P.J.1    Konitsiotis, S.2    Chase, T.N.3
  • 119
    • 0032797570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differing effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtype selective antagonists on dyskinesias in levodopa-treated 1-methyl-4-phenyl-tetrahydropyridine monkeys
    • Blanchet, P. J. et al. Differing effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtype selective antagonists on dyskinesias in levodopa-treated 1-methyl-4-phenyl-tetrahydropyridine monkeys. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 290, 1034-1040 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.290 , pp. 1034-1040
    • Blanchet, P.J.1
  • 120
    • 0006647256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amantadine as treatment for dyskinesias and motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease
    • Verhagen Metman, L. et al. Amantadine as treatment for dyskinesias and motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 50, 1323-1326 (1998).
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , pp. 1323-1326
    • Verhagen Metman, L.1
  • 121
    • 0033626282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effects of amantadine on L-dopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease
    • Luginger, E., Wenning, G. K., Bosch, S. & Poewe, W. Beneficial effects of amantadine on L-dopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease. Mov. Disord. 15, 873-878 (2000).
    • (2000) Mov. Disord. , vol.15 , pp. 873-878
    • Luginger, E.1    Wenning, G.K.2    Bosch, S.3    Poewe, W.4
  • 122
    • 0034090891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AMPA receptor blockade improves levodopa-induced dyskinesia in MPTP monkeys
    • Konitsiotis, S., Blanchet, P. J., Verhagen, L., Lamers, E. & Chase, T. N. AMPA receptor blockade improves levodopa-induced dyskinesia in MPTP monkeys. Neurology 54, 1589-1595 (2000).
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.54 , pp. 1589-1595
    • Konitsiotis, S.1    Blanchet, P.J.2    Verhagen, L.3    Lamers, E.4    Chase, T.N.5
  • 123
    • 0020082166 scopus 로고
    • Effect of naloxone on the 'on-off' syndrome in patients receiving long-term levodopa therapy
    • Trabucchi, M., Bassi, S. & Frattola, L Effect of naloxone on the 'on-off' syndrome in patients receiving long-term levodopa therapy. Arch. Neurol. 39, 120-121 (1982).
    • (1982) Arch. Neurol. , vol.39 , pp. 120-121
    • Trabucchi, M.1    Bassi, S.2    Frattola, L.3
  • 124
    • 0022567868 scopus 로고
    • Naloxone treatment of L-dopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinsons disease
    • Sandyk, R. & Snider, S. R. Naloxone treatment of L-dopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinsons disease. Am. J. Psychiatry 143, 118 (1986).
    • (1986) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.143 , pp. 118
    • Sandyk, R.1    Snider, S.R.2
  • 127
    • 0027958852 scopus 로고
    • Naltrexone, an opiate antagonist, fails to modify motor symptoms in patients with Parkinsons disease
    • Rascol, O. et al. Naltrexone, an opiate antagonist, fails to modify motor symptoms in patients with Parkinsons disease. Mov. Disord. 9, 437-440 (1994).
    • (1994) Mov. Disord. , vol.9 , pp. 437-440
    • Rascol, O.1
  • 128
    • 0026326607 scopus 로고
    • Striatal restricted adenosine A2 receptor (RDC8) is expressed by enkephalin but not by substance P neurons: An in situ hybridization histochemistry study
    • Schiffmann, S. N., Jacobs, O. & Vanderhaeghen, J. J. Striatal restricted adenosine A2 receptor (RDC8) is expressed by enkephalin but not by substance P neurons: an in situ hybridization histochemistry study. J. Neurochem. 57, 1062-1067 (1991).
    • (1991) J. Neurochem. , vol.57 , pp. 1062-1067
    • Schiffmann, S.N.1    Jacobs, O.2    Vanderhaeghen, J.J.3
  • 129
    • 0032556050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular distribution of adenosine A2A receptor mRNA in the primate striatum
    • Svenningsson, P. et al. Cellular distribution of adenosine A2A receptor mRNA in the primate striatum. J. Comp. Neurol. 399, 229-240 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.399 , pp. 229-240
    • Svenningsson, P.1
  • 130
    • 0034667715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2a receptors: Implications for the treatment of Parkinson's disease
    • 2a receptors: implications for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. J. Neurosci. 20, 7782-7789 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Neurosci. , vol.20 , pp. 7782-7789
    • Nash, J.E.1    Brotchie, J.M.2
  • 131
    • 0031594271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adenosine A2a antagonist: A novel antiparkinsonian agent that does not provoke dyskinesia in parkinsonian monkeys
    • Kanda, T. et al. Adenosine A2A antagonist: a novel antiparkinsonian agent that does not provoke dyskinesia in parkinsonian monkeys. Ann. Neurol. 43, 507-513 (1998).
    • (1998) Ann. Neurol. , vol.43 , pp. 507-513
    • Kanda, T.1
  • 132
    • 0034102025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology and biochemistry of dyskinesia: Clues for the development of non-dopaminergic treatments
    • Jenner, P. Pathophysiology and biochemistry of dyskinesia: clues for the development of non-dopaminergic treatments. J. Neurol. 247, 43-50 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Neurol. , vol.247 , pp. 43-50
    • Jenner, P.1
  • 133
    • 0346052220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid receptors and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in Parkinsons disease
    • Brotchie, J. M. et al. Cannabinoid receptors and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in Parkinsons disease. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 24 (1998).
    • (1998) Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. , vol.24
    • Brotchie, J.M.1
  • 135
    • 1642437791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-adrenoreceptor antagonist, idazoxan, on motor disabilities in MPTP-treated monkey
    • 2-adrenoreceptor antagonist, idazoxan, on motor disabilities in MPTP-treated monkey. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 23, 1237-1246 (1999).
    • (1999) Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry , vol.23 , pp. 1237-1246
    • Bezard, E.1
  • 137
    • 0032588996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-adrenergic receptor antagonist idazoxan reduces dyskinesia and enhances anti-parkinsonian actions of L-dopa in the MPTP-lesioned primate model of Parkinson's disease
    • 2-adrenergic receptor antagonist idazoxan reduces dyskinesia and enhances anti-parkinsonian actions of L-dopa in the MPTP-lesioned primate model of Parkinson's disease. Mov. Disord. 14, 744-753 (1999).
    • (1999) Mov. Disord. , vol.14 , pp. 744-753
    • Henry, B.1    Fox, S.H.2    Peggs, D.3    Crossman, A.R.4    Brotchie, J.M.5
  • 138
    • 0027384928 scopus 로고
    • Effect of nondopaminergic drugs on L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias in MPTP-treated monkeys
    • Gomez-Mancilla, B. & Bedard, P. J. Effect of nondopaminergic drugs on L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias in MPTP-treated monkeys. Clin. Neuropharmacol. 16, 418-427 (1993).
    • (1993) Clin. Neuropharmacol. , vol.16 , pp. 418-427
    • Gomez-Mancilla, B.1    Bedard, P.J.2
  • 139
    • 0031720672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-Adrenoceptor antagonists: A new approach to Parkinsons disease?
    • 2-Adrenoceptor antagonists: a new approach to Parkinsons disease? CNS Drugs 10, 189-207 (1998).
    • (1998) CNS Drugs , vol.10 , pp. 189-207
    • Brefel-Courbon, C.1
  • 140
    • 0347313493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan
    • in the press
    • 2-adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan. Mov. Disord. (in the press).
    • Mov. Disord.
    • Fox, S.H.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.