Visceral obesity and the metabolic syndrome: Effects of weight loss

Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases

Volumn 11, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 195-204

  Busetto, L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Adipose tissue; Fat distribution; Metabolism; Obesity; Weight loss

Indexed keywords

FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; OBESITY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; OBESITY; WEIGHT LOSS;

EID: 0035380506     PISSN: 09394753     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Van der Kooy K, Seidell JC (1993) Techniques for the measurement of visceral fat: a practical guide. Int J Obes 17: 187-196
2. Ashwell M, Cole TJ, Dixon AK (1985) Obesity, new insight into the anthropometric classification of fat distribution shown by computed tomography. BMJ 290: 1692-1694
3. Seidell J C, Oosterlee A, Thijssen MAO, Burema J, Deurenberg P, Hautvast JGAJ, Ruijs JHJ (1987) Assessment of intraabdominal and subcutaneous abdominal fat: relation between anthropometry and computed tomography. Am J Clin Nutr 45: 7-13
4. Ferlan M, Després JP, Tremblay A, Pinault S, Nadeau A, Moorjani S, Lupien PJ, Thériault G, Bouchard C (1989) Assessment of adipose tissue distribution by computed axial tomography in obese women: association with body density and anthropometric measurements. Br J Nutr 61:139-148
5. Després JP, Prud'homme D, Pouliot MC, Tremblay A, Bouchard C (1991) Estimation of deep abdominal adipose-tissue accumulation from simple anthropometric measurements in men. Am J Clin Nutr 54: 471-477
6. Busetto L, Baggio MB, Zurlo F, Carraro R, Digito M, Enzi G (1992) Assessment of abdominal fat distribution in obese patients: anthropometry versus computerized tomography. Int J Obesity 16: 731-736
7. van der Kooy K, Leenen R, Seidell JC, Deurenberg P, Droop A, Bakker CJG (1993) Waist-hip ratio is a poor predictor of changes in visceral fat. Am J Clin Nutr 57: 327-333
8. Sparrow D, Borkan GA, Gerzof SG, Wisniewski C, Silbert C (1986) Relationship of body fat distribution to glucose tolerance. Results of computed tomography in male participants of the Normative Aging Study. Diabetes 35: 411-415
9. Fujioka S, Matsuzawa Y, Tokunaga K, Tarui S (1987) Contribution of intraabdominal fat accumulation to the impairment of glucose and lipid metabolism in human obesity. Metabolism 36: 54-59
10. Seidell JC, Björntorp P, Sjöström L, Kvist H, Sannerstedt R (1990) Visceral fat accumulation in men is positively associated with insulin, glucose, and C-peptide levels, but negatively with testosterone levels. Metabolism 9: 897-901
11. Pouliot MC, Després JP, Nadeau A, Moorjani S, Prud'homme D, Lupien PJ, Tremblay A, Bouchard C (1992) Visceral obesity in men. Associations with glucose tolerance, plasma insulin, and lipoprotein levels. Diabetes 41: 826-834
12. Després JP, Nadeau A, Tremblay A, Ferland M, Lupien PJ (1989) Role of deep abdominal fat in the association between regional adipose tissue distribution and glucose tolerance in obese women. Diabetes 38: 304-309
13. Després JP, Moorjani S, Ferland M, Tremblay A, Lupien PJ, Nadeau A, Pinault S, Thériault G, Bouchard C (1989) Adipose tissue distribution and plasma lipoprotein levels in obese women. Importance of intra-abdominal fat. Arteriosclerosis 9: 203-210
14. Després JP, Lamarche B (1993) Effects of diet and physical activity on adiposity and body fat distribution: implications for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Nutr Res Rev 6: 137-159
15. Enzi G, Busetto L, Jimenez G, d'Alessio M, Biasion P (1992) Metabolic abnormalities in visceral obesity. Front Diabetes 11: 119-123.
16. Björntorp P (1999) Neuroendocrine perturbations as a cause of insulin resistance. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 15: 427-441
17. Björntorp P (1990) 'Portal' adipose tissue as a generator of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Arteriosclerosis 10: 493-496
18. Carlson LA, Hallberg D, Micheli H (1969) Quantitative studies on the lipolytic response of human subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue to noradrenaline and theophylline. Acta Med Scand 185: 465-469
19. Östman J, Arner P, Engfeldt P, Kager L (1979) Regional differences in the control of lipolysis in human adipose tissue. Metabolism 28: 1198-1205
20. Rebuffé-Scrive M, Anderson B, Olbe L, Björntorp P (1990) Metabolism of adipose tissue in intraabdominal depots in severely obese men and women. Metabolism 39: 1021-1025
21. Busetto L, Digito M, Dalla Montà P, Carraro R, Enzi G (1993) Omental and epigastric adipose tissue lipolytic activity in human obesity: effect of abdominal fat distribution and relationship with hyperinsulinemia. Horm Metab Res 25: 365-371
22. Hoffstedt J, Wahrenberg H, Thorne A, Lonnqvist F (1996) The metabolic syndrome is related to beta 3-adrenoceptor sensitivity in visceral adipose tissue. Diabetologia 39: 838-844
23. Peiris AN, Muller RA, Smith GA, Struve MF, Kissebah AH (1986) Splanchnic insulin metabolism in obesity. Influence of body fat distribution. J Clin Invest 78: 1648-1657
24. Hennes MMI, Shrago E, Kissebah AH (1990) Receptor and postreceptor effects of free fatty acids (ffa) on hepatocyte insulin dynamics. Int J Obes 14: 831-841
25. Forouhi NG, Jenkinson G, Thomas EL, Mullick S, Mierisova S, Bhonsle U, McKeigue PM, Bell JD (1999) Relation of triglycerides stores in skeletal muscle cells to central obesity and insulin sensitivity in European and South Asian men. Diabetologia 42: 932-935
26. Manco M, Mingrone G, Greco AV, Capristo E, Gniuli D, De Gaetano A, Gasbarrini G (2000) Insulin resistance directly correlates with increased saturated fatty acids in skeletal muscle triglycerides. Metabolism 49: 220-224
27. Bjöntorp (1995) Liver triglycerides and metabolism. Int J Obes 19: 839-840
28. Marceau P, Biron S, Hould FS, Marceau S, Simard S, Thung SN, Kral JG (1999) Liver pathology and the metabolic syndrome X in severe obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84: 1513-1517
29. Luyckx FH, Lefebvre PJ, Scheen AJ (2000) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: association with obesity and insulin resistance, and influence of weight loss. Diabetes Metab 26: 98-106
30. Koyama K, Chen G, Lee Y, Unger RH (1997) Tissue triglycerides, insulin resistance and insulin production: implications for hyperinsulinemia of obesity. Am J Physiol 193: 1849-1897
31. Goto T, Onuma T, Takebe K, Krai JG (1995) The influence of fatty liver on insulin clearance and insulin resistance in non-diabetic Japanese subjects. Int J Obes 19: 841-845
32. Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults. The Evidence Report. National Institutes of Health. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. June 1998.
33. Busetto L, Pisent C, Rinaldi D, Longhin PL, Segato G, De Marchi F, Foletto M, Favretti F, Lise M, Enzi G (2000) Variation in lipid levels in morbidly obese patients operated with the LAP-BAND® Adjustable Gastric Banding System: Effects of different levels of weight loss. Obes Surg 10: 569-577
34. Sjöströra L, Larsson B, Backman L, Bengtsson C, Bouchard C, Dahlgren S, Hallgren P, Jonsson E, Karlsson J, Lapidus L, et al (1992) Swedish obese subjects (SOS). Recruitment for an intervention study and a selected description of the obese state. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 16: 465-479
35. Sjöström CD, Lissner L, Wedel H, Sjöström L (1999) Reduction in incidence of diabetes, hypertension, and lipid disturbances after intentional weight loss induced by bariatric surgery: the SOS Intervention Study. Obes Res 7: 477-484
36. Goldstein DJ (1991) Beneficial health effects of modest weight loss. Int J Obes 16: 397-415
37. Williamson DF, Panuk E, Thun M, Flanders D, Byers T, Heath C (1995) Prospective study of intentional weight loss and mortality in never-smoking overweight US white women aged 40-64 years. Am J Epidemiol 141: 1128-1141
38. Singh RB, Rastogi SS, Verna R, Laxmi B, Singh R, Ghosh S, Niaz MA (1992) Randomised controlled trial of cardioprotective diet in patients with recent acute myocardial infarction: results of one year follow up. BMJ 304: 1015-1019
39. Busetto L, Digito M, Inelmen EM, Carraro R, Enzi G (1993) Modifications of metabolic abnormalities after massive weight loss. In: Crepaldi G, Tiengo A, Manzato E (Eds) Diabetes, obesity and hyperlipidemia: V. The plurimetabolic syndrome. Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam, pp 255-269
40. Fujioka S, Matsuzawa Y, Tokunaga K, Kawamoto T, Kobatake T, Keno Y, Kotani K, Yoshida S, Tarui S (1991) Improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism associated with selective reduction of intra-abdominal visceral fat in premenopausal women with visceral obesity. Int J Obes 15: 853-859
41. Rebuffé-Scrive M, Mårin P, Björntorp P (1991) Effect of testosterone on abdominal adipose tissue in men. Int J Obes 15: 791-795
42. Armellini F, Zamboni M, Rigo L, Bergamo-Andreis IA, Robbi R, De Marchi M, Bosello O (1991) Sonography detection of small intra-abdominal fat variations. Int J Obes 15: 847-852
43. Zamboni M, Armellini F, Turcato E, Todesco T, Bissoli L, Bergamo-Andreis IA, Bosello O (1993) Effect of weight loss on regional body fat distribution in premenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 58: 29-34
44. Gray DS, Fujioka K, Colletti PM, Kim H, Devine W, Cuyegkeng T, Pappas T (1991) Magnetic-resonance imaging used for determining fat distribution in obesity and diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 54: 623-627
45. Stallone DD, Stunkard AJ, Wadden TA, Foster GD, Boorstein J, Arger P (1991) Weight loss and body fat distribution: a feasibility study using computed tomography. Int J Obes 15: 775-780
46. Leenen R, van der Kooy K, Deurenberg P, Seidell JC, Weststrate JA, Schouten FJM, Hautvats JGAJ (1992) Visceral fat accumulation in obese subjects: relation to energy expenditure and response to weight loss. Am J Physiol 263: E913-E919
47. Busetto L, Tregnaghi A, Bussolotto M, Sergi G, Benincà P, Ceccon A, Giantin V, Fiore D, Enzi G (2000) Visceral fat loss evaluated by total body magnetic resonance imaging in obese women operated with laparoscopic adjustable silicone gastric banding. Int J Obes 24: 60-69
48. Ross R, Léger L, Morris D, De Guise J, Guardo R (1992) Quantification of adipose tissue by MRI: relationship with anthropometric variables. J Appl Physiol 72: 787-795
49. Barzilai N, Wang J, Masilon D, Vuguin P, Hawkins M, Rossetti L (1997) Leptin selectively decreases visceral adiposity and enhances insulin action. J Clin Invest 100: 3105-3110
50. Cases JA, Barzilai N (2000) The regulation of body fat distribution and the modulation of insulin action. Int J Obes 24: S63-S66
51. Barzilai N, She L, Liu L, Wang J, Hu M, Vuguin P, Rossetti L (1999) Decreased visceral adiposity accounts for leptin's effect on hepatic but not peripheral insulin action. Am J Physiol 277: E291-E298