메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 79, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 192-227

The relations between phonological processing abilities and emerging individual differences in mathematical computation skills: A longitudinal study from second to fifth grades

Author keywords

Arithmetic; Mathematical achievement; Mathematical cognition; Mathematical computation; Phonological processing; Reading and mathematics

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CHILD; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; FACTORIAL ANALYSIS; FEMALE; HUMAN; LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MALE; MATHEMATICS; MEMORY; PHONETICS; PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY; READING; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0035377229     PISSN: 00220965     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jecp.2000.2586     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (406)

References (90)
  • 1
    • 0000817041 scopus 로고
    • Reading-disabled students with and without comorbid arithmetic disability
    • Ackerman, P. T., & Dykman, R. A. (1995). Reading-disabled students with and without comorbid arithmetic disability. Developmental Neuropsychology, 11, 351-371.
    • (1995) Developmental Neuropsychology , vol.11 , pp. 351-371
    • Ackerman, P.T.1    Dykman, R.A.2
  • 3
    • 0004030013 scopus 로고
    • Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press
    • Baddeley, A. D. (1986). Working memory. Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press.
    • (1986) Working Memory
    • Baddeley, A.D.1
  • 4
    • 0026554483 scopus 로고
    • Working memory
    • Baddeley, A. D. (1992). Working memory. Science, 255, 556-559.
    • (1992) Science , vol.255 , pp. 556-559
    • Baddeley, A.D.1
  • 5
    • 0001547209 scopus 로고
    • Dyscalculia and nonverbal disorders of learning
    • H. R. Myklebust (Ed.). New York: Stratton
    • Badian, N. A. (1983). Dyscalculia and nonverbal disorders of learning. In H. R. Myklebust (Ed.), Progress in learning disabilities (Vol. 5, pp. 235-264). New York: Stratton.
    • (1983) Progress in Learning Disabilities , vol.5 , pp. 235-264
    • Badian, N.A.1
  • 7
    • 21844512689 scopus 로고
    • Effects of age and schooling on the acquisition of elementary quantitative skills
    • Bisanz, J., Morrison, F. J., & Dunn, M. (1995). Effects of age and schooling on the acquisition of elementary quantitative skills. Developmental Psychology, 31, 221-236.
    • (1995) Developmental Psychology , vol.31 , pp. 221-236
    • Bisanz, J.1    Morrison, F.J.2    Dunn, M.3
  • 10
    • 0002193261 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical links between naming speed, precise timing mechanisms, and orthographic skill in dyslexia
    • Bowers, P. G., & Wolf, M. (1993). Theoretical links between naming speed, precise timing mechanisms, and orthographic skill in dyslexia. Reading & Writing, An Interdisciplinary Journal, 5, 69-85.
    • (1993) Reading & Writing, An Interdisciplinary Journal , vol.5 , pp. 69-85
    • Bowers, P.G.1    Wolf, M.2
  • 13
    • 0039202694 scopus 로고
    • Young children's mental arithmetic errors: A working memory analysis
    • Brainerd, C. J. (1983). Young children's mental arithmetic errors: A working memory analysis. Child Development, 54, 812-830.
    • (1983) Child Development , vol.54 , pp. 812-830
    • Brainerd, C.J.1
  • 17
    • 0031114556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children's arithmetical difficulties: Contributions from processing speed, item identification, and short-term memory
    • Bull, R., & Johnston, R. S. (1997). Children's arithmetical difficulties: Contributions from processing speed, item identification, and short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 65, 1-24.
    • (1997) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.65 , pp. 1-24
    • Bull, R.1    Johnston, R.S.2
  • 19
    • 21844485550 scopus 로고
    • Domain specificity and the logic of using general ability as an independent variable or covariate
    • Byrnes, J. P. (1995). Domain specificity and the logic of using general ability as an independent variable or covariate. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 41, 1-24.
    • (1995) Merrill-Palmer Quarterly , vol.41 , pp. 1-24
    • Byrnes, J.P.1
  • 20
    • 0032527276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linguistic influences in cognitive arithmetic: Comment on Noel, Fias, and Brsybaert
    • Campbell, J. I. D. (1998). Linguistic influences in cognitive arithmetic: Comment on Noel, Fias, and Brsybaert. Cognition, 67, 353-364.
    • (1998) Cognition , vol.67 , pp. 353-364
    • Campbell, J.I.D.1
  • 22
    • 0013386864 scopus 로고
    • Differential enhancement of working memory with mathematical versus verbal precocity
    • Dark, V. J., & Benbow, C. P. (1991). Differential enhancement of working memory with mathematical versus verbal precocity. Journal of Educational Psychology, 83, 48-60.
    • (1991) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.83 , pp. 48-60
    • Dark, V.J.1    Benbow, C.P.2
  • 23
    • 0026900985 scopus 로고
    • Varieties of numerical abilities
    • Dehaene, S. (1992). Varieties of numerical abilities. Cognition, 44, 1-42.
    • (1992) Cognition , vol.44 , pp. 1-42
    • Dehaene, S.1
  • 24
    • 0001120808 scopus 로고
    • Automatization and basic fact performance of normal and learning disabled children
    • Garnett, K., & Fleischner, J. E. (1983). Automatization and basic fact performance of normal and learning disabled children. Learning Disabilities Quarterly, 6, 223-230.
    • (1983) Learning Disabilities Quarterly , vol.6 , pp. 223-230
    • Garnett, K.1    Fleischner, J.E.2
  • 25
    • 0027669890 scopus 로고
    • Mathematical disabilities: Cognitive, neuropsychological, and genetic components
    • Geary, D. C. (1993). Mathematical disabilities: Cognitive, neuropsychological, and genetic components. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 345-362.
    • (1993) Psychological Bulletin , vol.114 , pp. 345-362
    • Geary, D.C.1
  • 26
    • 0030256315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of arithmetical competencies in Chinese and American children: Influence of age, language, and schooling
    • Geary, D. C., Bow-Thomas, C. C., Liu, F., & Siegler, R. S. (1996). Development of arithmetical competencies in Chinese and American children: Influence of age, language, and schooling. Child Development, 67, 2022-2044.
    • (1996) Child Development , vol.67 , pp. 2022-2044
    • Geary, D.C.1    Bow-Thomas, C.C.2    Liu, F.3    Siegler, R.S.4
  • 27
    • 2342665365 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive addition: A short longitudinal study of strategy choice and speed-of-processing differences in normal and mathematically disabled children
    • Geary, D. C., Brown, S. C., & Samaranayake, V A. (1991). Cognitive addition: A short longitudinal study of strategy choice and speed-of-processing differences in normal and mathematically disabled children. Developmental Psychology, 27, 787-797.
    • (1991) Developmental Psychology , vol.27 , pp. 787-797
    • Geary, D.C.1    Brown, S.C.2    Samaranayake, V.A.3
  • 29
    • 84965535102 scopus 로고
    • Numerical cognition: Loci of ability differences comparing children from China and the United States
    • Geary, D. C., Fan, L., & Bow-Thomas, C. C. (1992). Numerical cognition: Loci of ability differences comparing children from China and the United States. Psychological Science, 3, 180-185.
    • (1992) Psychological Science , vol.3 , pp. 180-185
    • Geary, D.C.1    Fan, L.2    Bow-Thomas, C.C.3
  • 30
    • 0033227569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical and arithmetical cognition: Patterns of functions and deficits in children at risk for mathematical disability
    • Geary, D. C., Hoard, M. K., & Hamson, C. O. (1999). Numerical and arithmetical cognition: Patterns of functions and deficits in children at risk for mathematical disability. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 74, 213-239.
    • (1999) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.74 , pp. 213-239
    • Geary, D.C.1    Hoard, M.K.2    Hamson, C.O.3
  • 31
    • 38249015772 scopus 로고
    • Numerical cognition: On the convergence of componential and psychometric models
    • Geary, D. C., & Widaman, K. F. (1992). Numerical cognition: On the convergence of componential and psychometric models. Intelligence, 16, 47-80.
    • (1992) Intelligence , vol.16 , pp. 47-80
    • Geary, D.C.1    Widaman, K.F.2
  • 32
    • 0030641513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mathematics learning disabilities: A view from developmental psychology
    • Ginsburg, H. P. (1997). Mathematics learning disabilities: A view from developmental psychology. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 30, 20-33.
    • (1997) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.30 , pp. 20-33
    • Ginsburg, H.P.1
  • 33
    • 0011660396 scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in extended practice functions and solution strategies for basic addition facts
    • Goldman, S. R., Mertz, D. L., & Pellegrino, J. W. (1989). Individual differences in extended practice functions and solution strategies for basic addition facts. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 481-496.
    • (1989) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.81 , pp. 481-496
    • Goldman, S.R.1    Mertz, D.L.2    Pellegrino, J.W.3
  • 34
    • 84963295159 scopus 로고
    • Extended practice of basic addition facts: Strategy changes in learning disabled students
    • Goldman, S. R., Pellegrino, J. W., & Mertz, D. L. (1988). Extended practice of basic addition facts: Strategy changes in learning disabled students. Cognition & Instruction, 5, 223-265.
    • (1988) Cognition & Instruction , vol.5 , pp. 223-265
    • Goldman, S.R.1    Pellegrino, J.W.2    Mertz, D.L.3
  • 35
    • 0023283760 scopus 로고
    • Taking account of time lags in causal models
    • Gollob, H. F., & Reichardt, C. S. (1987). Taking account of time lags in causal models. Child Development, 58, 80-92.
    • (1987) Child Development , vol.58 , pp. 80-92
    • Gollob, H.F.1    Reichardt, C.S.2
  • 36
    • 85079910027 scopus 로고
    • The effect of spatial disorders on arithmetical skills
    • G. Deloche & X. Seron (Eds.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Hartje, W. (1987). The effect of spatial disorders on arithmetical skills. In G. Deloche & X. Seron (Eds.), Mathematical disabilities: A cognitive neuropsychological perspective (pp. 121-135). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1987) Mathematical Disabilities: A Cognitive Neuropsychological Perspective , pp. 121-135
    • Hartje, W.1
  • 37
    • 0010861405 scopus 로고
    • Short-term memory processes in counting
    • Healy, A. F., & Nairne, J. S. (1985). Short-term memory processes in counting. Cognitive Psychology, 17, 417-444.
    • (1985) Cognitive Psychology , vol.17 , pp. 417-444
    • Healy, A.F.1    Nairne, J.S.2
  • 38
    • 0345093472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward an information processing account of individual differences in fraction skills
    • Hecht, S. A. (1998). Toward an information processing account of individual differences in fraction skills. Journal of Educational Psychology, 90, 545-559.
    • (1998) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.90 , pp. 545-559
    • Hecht, S.A.1
  • 39
    • 0032742526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual solution processes while solving addition and multiplication math facts in adults
    • Hecht, S. A. (1999). Individual solution processes while solving addition and multiplication math facts in adults. Memory & Cognition, 1097-1107.
    • (1999) Memory & Cognition , pp. 1097-1107
    • Hecht, S.A.1
  • 41
    • 0013206672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining social class differences in growth of reading skills from beginning kindergarten through fourth-grade: The role of phonological awareness, rate of access, and print knowledge
    • Hecht, S. A., Burgess, S. R., Torgesen, J. K., Wagner, R. K., & Rashotte, C. A. (2000). Explaining social class differences in growth of reading skills from beginning kindergarten through fourth-grade: The role of phonological awareness, rate of access, and print knowledge. Reading & Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 12, 99-127.
    • (2000) Reading & Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal , vol.12 , pp. 99-127
    • Hecht, S.A.1    Burgess, S.R.2    Torgesen, J.K.3    Wagner, R.K.4    Rashotte, C.A.5
  • 42
    • 85004775241 scopus 로고
    • Working memory in children with specific arithmetical learning difficulties
    • Hitch, G. J., & McAuley, E. (1991). Working memory in children with specific arithmetical learning difficulties. British Journal of Psychology, 82, 375-386.
    • (1991) British Journal of Psychology , vol.82 , pp. 375-386
    • Hitch, G.J.1    McAuley, E.2
  • 43
    • 0023354612 scopus 로고
    • The effects of computer use on the acquisition of multiplication facts by a student with learning disabilities
    • Howell, R., Sidorenko, E., & Jurica, J. (1987). The effects of computer use on the acquisition of multiplication facts by a student with learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 20, 336-341.
    • (1987) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.20 , pp. 336-341
    • Howell, R.1    Sidorenko, E.2    Jurica, J.3
  • 44
    • 0033273259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sources of developmental change in children's word-problem performance
    • Kail, R., & Hall, L. K. (1999). Sources of developmental change in children's word-problem performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 4, 660-668.
    • (1999) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.4 , pp. 660-668
    • Kail, R.1    Hall, L.K.2
  • 45
    • 38249044009 scopus 로고
    • The development of mathematical cognition
    • Kaye, D. B. (1986). The development of mathematical cognition. Cognitive Development, 1, 157-170.
    • (1986) Cognitive Development , vol.1 , pp. 157-170
    • Kaye, D.B.1
  • 46
    • 0027864002 scopus 로고
    • Parallels between math and reading disability: Common issues and approaches
    • Kulak, A. G. (1993). Parallels between math and reading disability: Common issues and approaches. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 26, 666-673.
    • (1993) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.26 , pp. 666-673
    • Kulak, A.G.1
  • 47
  • 48
    • 0029264068 scopus 로고
    • Four aspects of strategic change: Contributions to children's learning of multiplication
    • Lemaire, P., & Siegler, R. S. (1995). Four aspects of strategic change: Contributions to children's learning of multiplication. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 124, 83-97.
    • (1995) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.124 , pp. 83-97
    • Lemaire, P.1    Siegler, R.S.2
  • 50
    • 0028239616 scopus 로고
    • Counting on working memory in arithmetic problem solving
    • Logie, R. H., Gilhooly, K. J., & Wynn, V. (1994). Counting on working memory in arithmetic problem solving. Memory & Cognition, 22, 395-410.
    • (1994) Memory & Cognition , vol.22 , pp. 395-410
    • Logie, R.H.1    Gilhooly, K.J.2    Wynn, V.3
  • 52
    • 38249020174 scopus 로고
    • Information processing theories and mathematics learning: The role of affect
    • McLeod, D. B. (1990). Information processing theories and mathematics learning: The role of affect. International Journal of Educational Research, 14, 13-29.
    • (1990) International Journal of Educational Research , vol.14 , pp. 13-29
    • McLeod, D.B.1
  • 55
    • 84936526622 scopus 로고
    • Phonemic knowledge and learning to read are reciprocal: A longitudinal study of first grade children
    • Perfetti, C. A., Beck, I., Bell, L., & Hughes, C. (1987). Phonemic knowledge and learning to read are reciprocal: A longitudinal study of first grade children. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 33, 283-319.
    • (1987) Merrill-Palmer Quarterly , vol.33 , pp. 283-319
    • Perfetti, C.A.1    Beck, I.2    Bell, L.3    Hughes, C.4
  • 56
    • 0002045171 scopus 로고
    • The relevance of the good strategy user model to the teaching of mathematics
    • Pressley, M. (1986). The relevance of the good strategy user model to the teaching of mathematics. Educational Psychologist, 21, 139-161.
    • (1986) Educational Psychologist , vol.21 , pp. 139-161
    • Pressley, M.1
  • 57
    • 84950062704 scopus 로고
    • Arithmetic disabilities with and without reading difficulties: A comparison of arithmetic errors
    • Rasanen, P., & Ahonen, T. (1995). Arithmetic disabilities with and without reading difficulties: A comparison of arithmetic errors. Developmental Neuropsychology, 11, 275-295.
    • (1995) Developmental Neuropsychology , vol.11 , pp. 275-295
    • Rasanen, P.1    Ahonen, T.2
  • 59
    • 0027586652 scopus 로고
    • Arithmetic disabilities, specific and otherwise: A neuropsychological perspective
    • Rourke, B. P. (1993). Arithmetic disabilities, specific and otherwise: A neuropsychological perspective. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 26, 214-226.
    • (1993) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.26 , pp. 214-226
    • Rourke, B.P.1
  • 60
    • 0030641348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disabilities of arithmetic and mathematical reasoning: Perspectives from neurology and neuropsychology
    • Rourke, B. P., & Conway, J. A. (1997). Disabilities of arithmetic and mathematical reasoning: Perspectives from neurology and neuropsychology. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 30, 34-46.
    • (1997) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.30 , pp. 34-46
    • Rourke, B.P.1    Conway, J.A.2
  • 62
    • 0024008201 scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with arithmetic-and-reading disability and specific arithmetic disability
    • Share, D. L., Moffitt, T. E., & Silva, P. A. (1988). Factors associated with arithmetic-and-reading disability and specific arithmetic disability. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 21, 313-320.
    • (1988) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.21 , pp. 313-320
    • Share, D.L.1    Moffitt, T.E.2    Silva, P.A.3
  • 63
    • 0024711985 scopus 로고
    • The development of working memory in normally achieving and subtypes of learning disabled children
    • Siegel, L. S., & Ryan, E. B. (1989). The development of working memory in normally achieving and subtypes of learning disabled children. Child Development, 60, 973-980.
    • (1989) Child Development , vol.60 , pp. 973-980
    • Siegel, L.S.1    Ryan, E.B.2
  • 64
    • 0000933783 scopus 로고
    • The perils of averaging data over strategies: An example from children's addition
    • Siegler, R. S. (1987). The perils of averaging data over strategies: An example from children's addition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 116, 250-264.
    • (1987) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.116 , pp. 250-264
    • Siegler, R.S.1
  • 65
    • 0024060179 scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in strategy choices: Good students, not-so-good students, and perfectionists
    • Siegler, R. S. (1988). Individual differences in strategy choices: Good students, not-so-good students, and perfectionists. Child Development, 59, 833-851.
    • (1988) Child Development , vol.59 , pp. 833-851
    • Siegler, R.S.1
  • 67
    • 0000360309 scopus 로고
    • Strategy choice in addition and subtraction: How do children know what to do?
    • C. Sophian (Ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Siegler, R. S., & Shrager, J. (1984). Strategy choice in addition and subtraction: How do children know what to do? In C. Sophian (Ed.), Origins of cognitive skills (pp. 229-293). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1984) Origins of Cognitive Skills , pp. 229-293
    • Siegler, R.S.1    Shrager, J.2
  • 69
    • 84956885215 scopus 로고
    • Matthew effects in reading: Some consequences of individual differences in the acquisition of literacy
    • Stanovich, K. E. (1986). Matthew effects in reading: Some consequences of individual differences in the acquisition of literacy. Reading Research Quarterly, 21, 360-407.
    • (1986) Reading Research Quarterly , vol.21 , pp. 360-407
    • Stanovich, K.E.1
  • 70
    • 2942555785 scopus 로고
    • Assessing phonological awareness in kindergarten children: Issues of task comparability
    • Stanovich, K. E., Cunningham, A. E., & Cramer, B. B. (1984). Assessing phonological awareness in kindergarten children: Issues of task comparability. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 38, 175-190.
    • (1984) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.38 , pp. 175-190
    • Stanovich, K.E.1    Cunningham, A.E.2    Cramer, B.B.3
  • 71
    • 0000010248 scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal study of individual differences in cognitive development and scholastic achievement
    • Stevenson, H. W., Parker, T., Wilkinson, A., Hegion, A., & Fish, E. (1976). Longitudinal study of individual differences in cognitive development and scholastic achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 68, 377-400.
    • (1976) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.68 , pp. 377-400
    • Stevenson, H.W.1    Parker, T.2    Wilkinson, A.3    Hegion, A.4    Fish, E.5
  • 72
    • 0030118618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning disabled readers' working memory as a function of processing demands
    • Swanson, H. L., Ashbaker, M. H., & Lee, C. (1996). Learning disabled readers' working memory as a function of processing demands. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 61, 242-275.
    • (1996) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.61 , pp. 242-275
    • Swanson, H.L.1    Ashbaker, M.H.2    Lee, C.3
  • 75
    • 0002535662 scopus 로고
    • Variations on theory in learning disabilities
    • G. R. Lyon, D. B. Gray, J. F. Kavanagh, & N. A. Krasnegor (Eds.). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes
    • Torgesen, J. K. (1993). Variations on theory in learning disabilities. In G. R. Lyon, D. B. Gray, J. F. Kavanagh, & N. A. Krasnegor (Eds.), Better understanding learning disabilities (pp. 153-170). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
    • (1993) Better Understanding Learning Disabilities , pp. 153-170
    • Torgesen, J.K.1
  • 76
    • 0002635096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model of memory from an information processing perspective: The special case of phonological memory
    • G. R. Lyon & N. A. Krasnegor (Eds.). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes
    • Torgesen, J. K. (1996). A model of memory from an information processing perspective: The special case of phonological memory. In G. R. Lyon & N. A. Krasnegor (Eds.), Attention, memory, & executive function (pp. 157-184). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
    • (1996) Attention, Memory, & Executive Function , pp. 157-184
    • Torgesen, J.K.1
  • 77
    • 0019000320 scopus 로고
    • Processing deficiencies in learning disabled children who perform poorly on the digit span task
    • Torgesen, J. K., & Houck, G. (1980). Processing deficiencies in learning disabled children who perform poorly on the digit span task. Journal of Educational Psychology, 72, 141-160.
    • (1980) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.72 , pp. 141-160
    • Torgesen, J.K.1    Houck, G.2
  • 79
    • 85105642103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention and remediation of severe reading disabilities: Keeping the end in mind
    • Torgesen, J. K., Wagner, R. K., & Rashotte, C. A. (1999). Prevention and remediation of severe reading disabilities: Keeping the end in mind. Scientific Studies of Reading, 3, 217-234.
    • (1999) Scientific Studies of Reading , vol.3 , pp. 217-234
    • Torgesen, J.K.1    Wagner, R.K.2    Rashotte, C.A.3
  • 80
    • 84933483051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contributions of phonological awareness and rapid automatic naming ability to the growth of word reading skills in second- To fifth-grade children
    • Torgesen, J. K., Wagner, R. K., Rashotte, C. A., Burgess, S. R., & Hecht, S. A. (1997). The contributions of phonological awareness and rapid automatic naming ability to the growth of word reading skills in second- to fifth-grade children. Scientific Studies of Reading, 1, 161-185.
    • (1997) Scientific Studies of Reading , vol.1 , pp. 161-185
    • Torgesen, J.K.1    Wagner, R.K.2    Rashotte, C.A.3    Burgess, S.R.4    Hecht, S.A.5
  • 81
    • 84874260542 scopus 로고
    • Identifying phonological coding problems in disabled readers: Naming, counting, or span measures
    • Torgesen, J. K., Wagner, R. K., Simmons, K., & Laughon, P. (1990). Identifying phonological coding problems in disabled readers: Naming, counting, or span measures. Learning Disability Quarterly, 13, 236-243.
    • (1990) Learning Disability Quarterly , vol.13 , pp. 236-243
    • Torgesen, J.K.1    Wagner, R.K.2    Simmons, K.3    Laughon, P.4
  • 82
    • 58149370819 scopus 로고
    • The nature of phonological processing and its causal role in the acquisition of reading skills
    • Wagner, R. K., & Torgesen, J. K. (1987). The nature of phonological processing and its causal role in the acquisition of reading skills. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 192-212.
    • (1987) Psychological Bulletin , vol.101 , pp. 192-212
    • Wagner, R.K.1    Torgesen, J.K.2
  • 84
    • 21344492974 scopus 로고
    • Development of reading-related phonological processing abilities: New evidence of bidirectional causality from a latent variable longitudinal study
    • Wagner, R. K., Torgesen, J. K., & Rashotte, C. A. (1994). Development of reading-related phonological processing abilities: New evidence of bidirectional causality from a latent variable longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 30, 73-87.
    • (1994) Developmental Psychology , vol.30 , pp. 73-87
    • Wagner, R.K.1    Torgesen, J.K.2    Rashotte, C.A.3
  • 85
    • 0031136030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing relations between phonological processing abilities and word-level reading as children develop from beginning to skilled readers: A five year longitudinal study
    • Wagner, R. K., Torgesen, J. K., Rashotte, C. A., Hecht, S. A., Barker, T. A., Burgess, S. R., Donahue, J., & Garon, T. (1997). Changing relations between phonological processing abilities and word-level reading as children develop from beginning to skilled readers: A five year longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 33, 468-479.
    • (1997) Developmental Psychology , vol.33 , pp. 468-479
    • Wagner, R.K.1    Torgesen, J.K.2    Rashotte, C.A.3    Hecht, S.A.4    Barker, T.A.5    Burgess, S.R.6    Donahue, J.7    Garon, T.8
  • 86
    • 0141883390 scopus 로고
    • The development of skill in mental arithmetic: An individual differences approach
    • J. I. D. Campbell (Ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • Widaman, K. F., & Little, T. D. (1992). The development of skill in mental arithmetic: An individual differences approach. In J. I. D. Campbell (Ed.), The nature & origins of mathematical skills. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
    • (1992) The Nature & Origins of Mathematical Skills
    • Widaman, K.F.1    Little, T.D.2
  • 87
    • 0009782832 scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in the development of skill in mental addition: Internal and external validation of chronometric models
    • Widaman, K. F., Little, T. D., Geary, D. C., & Cormier, P. (1992). Individual differences in the development of skill in mental addition: Internal and external validation of chronometric models. Learning & Individual Differences, 4, 167-213.
    • (1992) Learning & Individual Differences , vol.4 , pp. 167-213
    • Widaman, K.F.1    Little, T.D.2    Geary, D.C.3    Cormier, P.4
  • 90
    • 0001623701 scopus 로고
    • Fact-retrieval and math problem solving by learning disabled, attention-disordered, and normal adolescents
    • Zentall, S. S. (1990). Fact-retrieval and math problem solving by learning disabled, attention-disordered, and normal adolescents. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 856-865.
    • (1990) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.82 , pp. 856-865
    • Zentall, S.S.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.