Thermally driven tropical circulations under Rayleigh friction and Newtonian cooling: Analytic solutions

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 58, Issue 7, 2001, Pages 724-741

  Wu, Zhaohua ^a,b   Sarachik, E S ^a   Battisti, David S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studs   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COOLING; DAMPING; DEFORMATION; EIGENVALUES AND EIGENFUNCTIONS; LINEAR EQUATIONS; TROPOSPHERE;

RAYLEIGH FRICTION;

FRICTION;

ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; EQUATORIAL DYNAMICS; RAYLEIGH NUMBER; TROPICAL METEOROLOGY; TROPOSPHERE;

EID: 0035306262     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<0724:TDTCUR>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Barnett, T. P., 1985: Three-dimensional structure of low-frequency pressure variations in the tropical atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 2798-2803.
2. Chang, C.-P., 1977: Viscous internal gravity waves and low-frequency oscillations in the tropics. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 901-910.
3. Chiang, J. C. H., S. E. Zebiak, and M. A. Cane, 2001: Relative roles of elevated heating and surface temperature gradients in driving anomalous surface winds over tropical oceans. J. Atmos. Sci., in press.
4. Clarke, A. J., 1994: Why are surface equatorial ENSO winds anomalously westerly under anomalous large-scale convection? J. Climate, 7, 1623-1627.
5. Dickinson, R. E., and M. A. Geller, 1968: A generalization of "Tidal theory with Newtonian cooling." J. Atmos. Sci., 25, 932-933.
6. Friedman, B., 1956: Principles and Techniques of Applied Mathematics. John Wiley and Sons, 315 pp.
7. Gill, A. E., 1980: Some simple solutions for heat induced tropical circulations. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 106, 447-462.
8. Haarsma, R. J., and J. D. Opsteegh, 1989: Nonlinear response to anomalous tropical forcing. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 3240-3255.
9. Holton, J. R., 1992: An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology. Academic Press, 511 pp.
10. _, and D. E. Colton, 1972: A diagnostic study of the vorticity balance at 200 mb in the tropics during the northern summer. J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1124-1128.
11. Jin, F.-F., and B. J. Hoskins, 1995: The direct response to tropical heating in a baroclinic atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 307-319.
12. Kato, T., 1997: The linear response of a global atmosphere to mobile heating. Part 2: Dependency on Rayleigh friction and Newtonian cooling. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 75, 867-884.
13. Lindzen, R. S., 1968: Vertically propagating waves in an atmosphere with Newtonian cooling inversely proportional to density. Can. J. Phys., 46, 1835-1840.
14. Martinsen, E. A., and J. E. Weber, 1981: Frictional influence on internal Kelvin waves. Tellus, 33, 402-410.
15. McCreary, J. P., 1981: A linear stratified ocean model of the equatorial undercurrent. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, A298, 603-635.
16. Mofjeld, H. O., 1980: Effects of vertical viscosity on Kelvin waves. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 10, 1039-1050.
17. Newell, R. E., and Z.-X. Wu, 1992: The interrelationship between temperature changes in the free atmosphere and sea surface temperature changes. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 3693-3709.
18. Plumb, R. A., and J. Eluszkiewicz, 1999: The Brewer-Dobson circulation: Dynamics of the tropical upwelling. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 868-890.
19. Rodwell, M. J., and B. J. Hoskins, 1996: Monsoons and the dynamics of deserts. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 122, 1385-1404.
20. Saravanan, R., and J. C. McWilliams, 1995: Multiple equilibria, natural variability, and climate transitions in an idealized ocean-atmosphere model. J. Climate, 8, 2296-2323.
21. Shapiro, L. J., 1977: Frictional effects on thermally forced waves. Tellus, 29, 264-271.
22. Wallace, J. M., E. M. Rasmusson, T. P Mitchell, V. E. Kousky, E. S. Sarachik, and H. von Storch, 1998: On the structure and evolution of ENSO-related climate variability in the tropical Pacific: Lessons from TOGA. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14 241-14 259.
23. Wu, Z., E. S. Sarachik, and D. S. Battisti, 1999: Thermally forced surface winds on an equatorial beta plane. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 2029-2037.
24. _, D. S. Battisti, and E. S. Sarachik, 2000a: Rayleigh friction, Newtonian cooling, and the linear response to steady tropical heating. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 1937-1957.
25. _, E. S. Sarachik, and D. S. Battisti, 2000b: Vertical structure of convective heating and the three-dimensional structure of the forced circulation in the Tropics. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2169-2187.
26. Yamagata, T., and Y. Hayashi, 1984: Oscillation in the tropics. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 62, 707-717.
27. _, and S. G. H. Philander, 1985: The role of damped equatorial waves in the oceanic response to winds. J. Oceanogr. Soc. Japan, 41, 345-357.
28. Yulaeva, E., and J. M. Wallace, 1994: The signature of ENSO in global temperature and precipitation fields derived from the microwave sounding unit. J. Climate, 7, 1719-1736.