Regulation of plant NR activity by reversible phosphorylation, 14-3-3 proteins and proteolysis

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences

Volumn 58, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 205-214

  MacKintosh, C ^a   Meek, S E M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

14 3 3 proteins; Kinase; Nitrate reductase; Phosphorylation; Proteolysis

Indexed keywords

NITRATE REDUCTASE; VEGETABLE PROTEIN;

ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME REGULATION; NITROGEN METABOLISM; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; REVIEW;

EID: 0035103179     PISSN: 1420682X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/PL00000848     Document Type: Review

References (60)

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3. Reversible light/dark modulation of spinach leaf nitrate reductase activity involves protein phosphorylation
4. Regulation of spinach-leaf nitrate reductase by reversible phosphorylation
5. Partial purification of 2 proteins (100 kDa and 67 kDa) cooperating in the ATP-dependent inactivation of spinach leaf nitrate reductase
6. Identification of a protein that inhibits the phosphorylated form of nitrate reductase from spinach (Spinacea oleracea) leaves
7. Inactivation of nitrate reductase involves NR-protein phosphorylation and subsequent binding of an inhibitor protein
8. The protein kinase, protein phosphatase and inhibitor protein of nitrate reductase are ubiquitous in higher plants and independentof nitrate reductase expression and turnover
9. Phosphorylated nitrate reductase from spinach leaves is inhibited by 14-3-3 proteins and activated by fusicoccin
10. Identification of a regulatory phosphorylation site in the hinge 1 region of nitrate reductase from spinach (Spinacea oleracea) leaves
11. Interaction of 14-3-3 with signaling proteins is mediated by the recognition of phosphoserine
12. The structural basis for 14-3-3: Phosphopeptide binding specificity
13. Identification in vitro of a post-translational regulatory site in the hinge 1 region of Arabidopsis nitrate reductase
14. 14-3-3 proteins associate with the regulatory phosphorylation site of spinach leaf nitrate reductase in an isoform-specific manner and reduce dephosphorylation of Ser-543 by endogenous protein phosphatases
15. Identification of Ser-543 as the major regulatory phosphorylation site in spinach leaf nitrate reductase
16. 14-3-3 proteins control proteolysis of nitrate reductase in spinach leaves
17. Ser-534 in the hinge 1 region of Arabidopsis nitrate reductase is conditionally required for binding of 14-3-3 proteins and in vitro inhibition
18. Post-transcriptional regulation of nitrate reductase by light is abolished by an N-terminal deletion
19. Characterization of nitrate reductase from light- and dark-exposed leaves
20. A conserved acidic motif in the N-terminal domain of nitrate reductase is necessary for the inactivation of the enzyme in the dark by phosphorylation and 14-3-3 binding
21. Three spinach leaf nitrate reductase-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase kinases that are regulated by reversible phosphorylation and/or Ca2+ ions
22. Two SNF1-related protein kinases from spinach leaf phosphorylate and inactivate 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, nitrate reductase and sucrose phosphate synthase in vitro
23. Regulation of spinach SNF1-related (SnRK1) kinases by protein kinases and phosphatases is associated with phosphorylation of the T loop and is regulated by 5′-AMP
24. The AMP-activated/SNF1 protein kinase subfamily: Metabolic sensors of the eukaryotic cell?
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26. Depletion of cytosolic free calcium induced by photosynthesis
27. 14-3-3 and its possible role in co-ordinating multiple signalling pathways
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29. Site-specific regulatory interaction between spinach leaf sucrose- phosphate synthase and 14-3-3 proteins
30. Nuclear localization of Cdc25 is regulated by DNA damage and a 14-3-3 protein
31. Akt promotes cell survival by phosphorylating and inhibiting a Forkhead transcription factor
32. 14-3-3 proteins form a guidance complex with chloroplast precursor proteins in plants
33. 14-3-3 isotypes facilitate coupling of protein kinase C-zeta to Raf-1: Negative regulation by 14-3-3 phosphorylation
34. The 14-3-3 proteins associate with the plant plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase to generate a fusicoccin binding complex and a fusicoccin responsive system
35. Microcystin affinity purification of plant protein phosphatases: PP1C, PP5 and a regulatory A-subunit of PP2A
36. Adenine nucleotides are apparently involved in the light-dark modulation of spinach-leaf nitrate reductase
37. Light modulation and in vitro effects of adenine nucleotides on leaf nitrate reductase activity in cucumber (Cucumis sativus)
38. Biological significance of divalent metal ion binding to 14-3-3 proteins in relationship to nitrate reductase inactivation
39. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside activates nitrate reductase in darkened spinach and pea leaves
40. Correlation between apparent activation state of nitrate reductase (NR), NR hysteresis and degradation of NR protein
41. Nitrate reductase activation state in barley roots in relation to the energy and carbohydrate status
42. Nitrate reduction, nitrite reduction and ammonium assimilation in barley roots in response to anoxia
43. Photosynthetic post-translational activation of nitrate reductase
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45. Tobacco mutants with a decreased number of functional nia genes compensate by modifying the diurnal regulation of transcription, post-translational modification and turnover of nitrate reductase
46. The activation state of nitrate reductase is not always correlated with total nitrate reductase activity in leaves
47. Regulation of cytosolic enzymes in primary metabolism by reversible protein phosphorylation
48. 14-3-3 proteins block apoptosis and differentially regulate MAPK cascades
49. The inhibitor protein of phosphorylated nitrate reductase from spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves is a 14-3-3 protein
50. Serine phosphorylation of death agonist BAD in response to survival factor results in binding to 14-3-3 not BCL-X(L)
51. 14-3-3s regulate global cleavage of their diverse binding partners in sugar-starved Arabidopsis cells
52. 14-3-3 proteins activate a plant calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK)
53. New insights into an old protein: The functional diversity of mammalian glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
54. Evidence for trehalose-6-phosphate-dependent and -independent mechanisms in the control of sugar influx into yeast glycolysis
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57. Carbohydrate-modulated gene expression in plants
58. Sucrose-feeding leads to increased rates of nitrate assimilation, increased rates of alpha-oxoglutarate synthesis and increased synthesis of a wide spectrum of amino acids in tobacco leaves
59. The 14-3-3 protein binds to the nuclear matrix endonuclease and has a possible function in the control of plant senescence
60. The expression of 14-3-3 isoforms in potato is developmentally regulated