β-thymosins, small acidic peptides with multiple functions

International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology

Volumn 33, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 205-220

  Huff, Thomas ^a   Müller, Christian S G ^a   Otto, Angela M ^a   Netzker, Roland ^a   Hannappel, Ewald ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ERLANGEN NUREMBERG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Thymosins; Actin sequestering; Gene expression; Review; Wound healing

Indexed keywords

GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE BINDING PROTEIN; MESSENGER RNA; METALLOPROTEINASE; MONOMER; THYMOSIN; THYMOSIN BETA4;

ACTIN FILAMENT; ANGIOGENESIS; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL LEVEL; CELL MOTILITY; CELL PROLIFERATION; CELLULAR DISTRIBUTION; CHEMOTAXIS; GENE STRUCTURE; HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL; HUMAN; METASTASIS; NOMENCLATURE; NONHUMAN; OXIDATION; PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS; PHYLOGENY; POLYMERIZATION; PROTEIN ANALYSIS; PROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN INDUCTION; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; PROTEIN PURIFICATION; REVIEW; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; WOUND HEALING;

ACTINS; AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMALS; BINDING SITES; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL MOVEMENT; HUMANS; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; NEOPLASM METASTASIS; NEOPLASMS; NEOVASCULARIZATION, PATHOLOGIC; OXIDATION-REDUCTION; RNA, MESSENGER; THYMOSIN; WOUND HEALING;

EID: 0035052570     PISSN: 13572725     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1357-2725(00)00087-X     Document Type: Review

References (129)

1. Enhancement of in vivo incorporation of labeled precursors into DNA and total protein of mouse lymph nodes after administration of thymic extracts
2. Purification and biological activity of thymosin, a hormone of the thymus gland
3. Thymosin fraction 5 and 5A
4. The chemistry and biology of thymosin
5. Prothymosin alpha
6. The complete amino acid sequence of ubiquitin, an adenylate cyclase stimulating polypeptide probably universal in living cells
7. The ubiquitin system
8. 4
9. 4: A thymic hormone that induces terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity in thymocyte populations
10. 4 in human serum
11. Thymosin stimulates secretion of luteinizing hormone-releasing factor
12. Small actin-binding proteins: The β-thymosin family
13. 4 gene in differentiating endothelial cells
14. 4 stimulates directional migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells
15. 4 sulfoxide is an anti-inflammatory agent generated by monocytes in the presence of glucocorticoids
16. 4 and endoproteinase Asp-N in the biosynthesis of the tetrapeptide AcSDKP a regulator of the hematopoietic system
17. Inhibitor of hematopoietic pluripotent stem cell proliferation-purification and determination of its structure
18. In vivo effect of platelet factor 4 (PF4) and tetrapeptide AcSDKP on haemopoiesis of mice treated with 5-fluorouracil
19. 4
20. 4 gene. Intron-containing gene and multiple retroposons
21. 4/6-26 gene is part of a multigene family composed of seven members located on seven different chromosomes
22. Functional coherence of the human Y chromosome
23. Identification and cloning of neuroblastoma-specific and nerve tissue-specific genes through compiled expression profiles
24. 4 mRNA
25. 4 gene: Structure, promoter identification, and chromosome localization
26. 4 in mouse NIH3T3 cells
27. Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of interferon-induced gene expression in human cells
28. Interferon-induced gene expression in wild-type and interferon-resistant human lymphoblastoid (Daudi) cells
29. Identification and characterization of mRNAs regulated by nerve growth factor in PC12 cells
30. 4 gene in lymphocytes, macrophages, and granulocytes
31. 4 in concanavalin A-stimulated thymocytes by translational control
32. 4 in thymocytes
33. 4 in thymocytes depends on the proliferative stimulus
34. 4, an actin-sequestering peptide, in cell proliferation
35. 4 mRNA levels during cell proliferation
36. 10 in rat brain and other tissues
37. Developmental regulation of β-thymosins in the rat central nervous system
38. 10 mRNA in the human brain
39. Thymosin gene expression is modulated by pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin, human chorionic gonadotropin, and prostaglandin F2 a in the immature rat ovary
40. Prominent expression of the actin-sequestering peptide Fx gene in the hippocampal region of rat brain
41. 10 expression in enriched neuronal cultures from rat cerebella
42. Alterations in actin-binding β-thymosin expression accompany neuronal differentiation and migration in rat cerebellum
43. 4 gene is strongly activated in neural tissues during early postimplantation mouse development
44. 10 mRNA expression during early postimplantation mouse development
45. 4 mRNA following focal brain ischemia
46. 4 messenger RNA in normal and kainate-treated rat forebrain
47. 4 mRNA in differentiating P19 embryonic cells and during development of cardiovascular tissues
48. Isolation of peptides from calf thymus
49. 4-like peptides by high-pressure liquid chromatography
50. HPLC and post-column derivatization with fluorescamine. Isolation of actin-sequestering β-thymosins by reversed-phase HPLC
51. 10 in rabbit tissues
52. 4-like peptide in oocytes of Xenopus laevis
53. 4 gene during Xenopus laevis embryogenesis
54. 4
55. Met from pork spleen
56. 4 in mammalian tissues
57. 4
58. 12
59. 12, a new member of the β-thymosin family isolated from perch liver
60. Distribution and biological activity of β-thymosins
61. A novel beta-thymosin from the sea urchin: Extending the phylogenetic distribution of beta-thymosins from mammals to echinoderms
62. 15: A novel regulator of tumor cell motility upregulated in metastatic prostate cancer
63. Beta-thymosins from marine invertebrates: Primary structure and interaction with actin
64. Thymosin is required for axonal tract formation in developing zebrafish brain
65. Ciboulot regulates actin assembly during Drosophila brain metamorphosis
66. 4 in water determined by NMR spectroscopy
67. 4 - A nuclear magnetic resonance and simulated annealing study
68. 4: A ubiquitous peptide in rat and mouse tissues
69. 4 by peritoneal macrophages and adherent spleen cells
70. 4 in cell lines
71. 4 in human blood cells and serum
72. Isolation of a 5-kilodalton actin-sequestering peptide from human blood platelets
73. 4 and Fx, an actin-sequestering peptide, are indistinguishable
74. 4-like peptides as assessed by the DNase I inhibition assay
75. 4 are both actin monomer sequestering proteins
76. 9
77. met
78. 4 with actin studied by equilibrium centrifugation, chemical cross-linking and viscometry
79. 4 is not a simple G-actin sequestering protein and interacts with F-actin at high concentration
80. Beta-thymosins are not simple actin monomer buffering proteins-Insights from overexpression studies
81. 4 and its influence on the interaction with G-actin studied by reverse-phase HPLC and post-column derivatization with fluorescamine
82. 4 almost lacks the polymerization-inhibiting capacity for actin
83. Paraquat
84. 4
85. Paraquat induces actin assembly in depolymerizing conditions
86. G-actin conformational change and polymerization induced by paraquat
87. 4
88. 10 by an intracellular protease and its influence on the interaction with G-actin studied by ultrafiltration
89. C-terminal variations in β-thymosin family members specify functional differences in actin-binding properties
90. Identification of two binding sites on actobindin by covalent crosslinking
91. The interfaces of actin and Acanthamoeba actobindin - Identification of a new actin-binding motif
92. 4 mapped by mutational analysis
93. 4 mutants in solution and correlation with their biological activity
94. 4 and profilin. A potential regulatory mechanism for actin polymerization in cells
95. Cross-link between cys 374 and cys 10 of actin abolishes polymerizability and allows study of the properties of the 'F-actin monomer'
96. Beta thymosins as actin binding peptides
97. 4 on actin by competition with G-actin binding proteins indicates negative co-operativity between binding sites located on opposite subdomains of actin
98. Structure of gelsolin segment 1-actin complex and the mechanism of filament severing
99. Atomic structure of the actin: DNase I complex
100. 4 binds actin in an extended conformation and contacts both the barbed and pointed ends
101. 4 by the ATP/ADP ratio: Possible implication in the regulation of actin dynamics
102. Acanthamoeba profilin interacts with G-actin to increase the rate of exchange of actin-bound ATP
103. 4
104. Profilin promotes barbed-end actin filament assembly without lowering the critical concentration
105. The role of profilin in actin polymerization and nucleotide exchange
106. 4) in activated platelets
107. 4 sequesters the majority of G-actin in resting human polymorphonuclear leukocytes
108. 4 (Fx peptide) is a potent regulator of actin polymerization in living cells
109. 4 in PtK2 cells: Effects on stress fibers, cytokinesis, and cell spreading
110. 10 on actin structures in living cells
111. 4
112. Differential expression of thymosin genes in human tumors and in the developing human kidney
113. 4 expression is correlated with metastatic capacity of colorectal carcinomas
114. 10 expression in melanoma cell lines and melanocytic lesions: A new progression marker for human cutaneous melanoma
115. Simultaneous suppression of progression marker genes in the highly malignant human melanoma cell line BLM after transfection with the adenovirus-5 E1A gene
116. 10 in human breast cancer
117. 10 gene overexpression correlated with the highly malignant neoplastic phenotype of transformed thyroid cells in vivo and in vitro
118. 10 gene overexpression is a general event in human carcinogenesis
119. Genomic analysis of metastasis reveals an essential role for RhoC
120. 15 predicts for distant failure in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer-results from a pilot study
121. 15 in human breast tissue
122. 15 expression in tumor cell lines with varying metastatic potential
123. Biochemical and antibacterial analysis of human wound and blister fluid
124. Molecular interactions between G-actin, DNase I and the β-thymosins in apoptosis: A hypothesis
125. 4 in apoptosis induced by a variety of antitumor drugs
126. 4: A role for focal adhesion kinase pp125FAK
127. 4 serves as a glutaminyl substrate of transglutaminase. Labeling with fluorescent dansylcadaverine does not abolish interaction with G-actin
128. 4 with muscle and platelet actin: Implications for actin sequestration in resting platelets
129. Actin and actin-binding proteins: A critical evaluation of mechanisms and functions