메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 147-165

Rapid-sequence intubation in adults: Indications and concerns

Author keywords

Induction agents; Neuromuscular relaxants; Opioids; Sedatives; Tracheal intubation

Indexed keywords

ALFENTANIL; ATRACURIUM; CISATRACURIUM; ETOMIDATE; FENTANYL; KETAMINE; LIDOCAINE; MIDAZOLAM; MIVACURIUM; PANCURONIUM; PROPOFOL; RAPACURONIUM BROMIDE; ROCURONIUM; SUFENTANIL; SUXAMETHONIUM; THIOPENTAL; VECURONIUM;

EID: 0034997731     PISSN: 10680640     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00045413-200105000-00004     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (19)

References (171)
  • 1
    • 0007552811 scopus 로고
    • Airway management for the trauma patient
    • Stene JK, Grande CM, eds. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins
    • Stene JK, Grande CM, Barton CR. Airway management for the trauma patient. In: Stene JK, Grande CM, eds. Trauma Anesthesia. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 1991:64-99.
    • (1991) Trauma Anesthesia , pp. 64-99
    • Stene, J.K.1    Grande, C.M.2    Barton, C.R.3
  • 2
    • 0030993141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endotracheal intubation in the field improves survival in patients with severe head injury
    • Trauma Research and Education Foundation of San Diego
    • Winchell RJ, Hoyt DB. Endotracheal intubation in the field improves survival in patients with severe head injury. Trauma Research and Education Foundation of San Diego. Arch Surg. 1997;132:592-597.
    • (1997) Arch Surg , vol.132 , pp. 592-597
    • Winchell, R.J.1    Hoyt, D.B.2
  • 3
    • 0033066775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complications of emergency intubation with and without paralysis
    • Li J, Murphy-Lavoie H, Bugas C, et al. Complications of emergency intubation with and without paralysis. Am J Emerg Meet. 1999;17: 141-144.
    • (1999) Am J Emerg Meet , vol.17 , pp. 141-144
    • Li, J.1    Murphy-Lavoie, H.2    Bugas, C.3
  • 4
    • 0028350828 scopus 로고
    • Intubation techniques in the helicopter
    • Vilke GM, Hoyt DB, Epperson M, et al. Intubation techniques in the helicopter. J Emerg Med. 1994;12:217-224.
    • (1994) J Emerg Med , vol.12 , pp. 217-224
    • Vilke, G.M.1    Hoyt, D.B.2    Epperson, M.3
  • 5
    • 0024384236 scopus 로고
    • Prehospital blind nasotracheal intubation by paramedics
    • O'Brien DJ, Danzl DF, Hooker EA, et al. Prehospital blind nasotracheal intubation by paramedics. Ann Emerg Med. 1989;17:612-617.
    • (1989) Ann Emerg Med , vol.17 , pp. 612-617
    • O'Brien, D.J.1    Danzl, D.F.2    Hooker, E.A.3
  • 6
    • 0032937792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prehospital use of succinylcholine: A 20-year review
    • Wayne MA, Friedland E. Prehospital use of succinylcholine: a 20-year review. Prehosp Emerg Care. 1999;3:107-109.
    • (1999) Prehosp Emerg Care , vol.3 , pp. 107-109
    • Wayne, M.A.1    Friedland, E.2
  • 7
    • 0031910631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intubation success rates improve for an air medical program after implementing the use of neuromuscular blocking agents
    • Ma OJ, Atchley RB, Hatley T, et al. Intubation success rates improve for an air medical program after implementing the use of neuromuscular blocking agents. Am J Emerg Med. 1998;16:125-127.
    • (1998) Am J Emerg Med , vol.16 , pp. 125-127
    • Ma, O.J.1    Atchley, R.B.2    Hatley, T.3
  • 8
    • 0031667389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid sequence induction for intubation by an aeromedical transport team: A critical analysis
    • Sing RF, Rotondo MF, Zonies DH, et al. Rapid sequence induction for intubation by an aeromedical transport team: a critical analysis. Am J Emerg Med. 1998;16:598-602.
    • (1998) Am J Emerg Med , vol.16 , pp. 598-602
    • Sing, R.F.1    Rotondo, M.F.2    Zonies, D.H.3
  • 9
    • 0031656660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preflight versus en route success and complications of rapid sequence intubation in an air medical service
    • Slater EA, Weiss SJ, Ernst AA, et al. Preflight versus en route success and complications of rapid sequence intubation in an air medical service. J Trauma. 1998;45:588-592.
    • (1998) J Trauma , vol.45 , pp. 588-592
    • Slater, E.A.1    Weiss, S.J.2    Ernst, A.A.3
  • 10
    • 0009670577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confirmation of endotracheal tube placement: Analysis of 1,288 emergency department intubations
    • Walls RM, Sagarin MJ, Vissers RJ, et al. Confirmation of endotracheal tube placement: analysis of 1,288 emergency department intubations. Acad Emerg Med. 1998;5:482.
    • (1998) Acad Emerg Med , vol.5 , pp. 482
    • Walls, R.M.1    Sagarin, M.J.2    Vissers, R.J.3
  • 11
    • 0031770783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The unanticipated difficult airway with recommendations for management
    • Crosby ET, Cooper RM, Douglas MJ, et al. The unanticipated difficult airway with recommendations for management. Can J Anaesth. 1998;45:757-776.
    • (1998) Can J Anaesth , vol.45 , pp. 757-776
    • Crosby, E.T.1    Cooper, R.M.2    Douglas, M.J.3
  • 12
    • 0031763563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey of out-of-hospital emergency intubations in the French prehospital medical system: A multicenter study
    • Adnet F, Jouriles NJ, Le Toumelin P, et al. Survey of out-of-hospital emergency intubations in the French prehospital medical system: a multicenter study. Ann Emerg Med. 1998;32:454-460.
    • (1998) Ann Emerg Med , vol.32 , pp. 454-460
    • Adnet, F.1    Jouriles, N.J.2    Le Toumelin, P.3
  • 13
    • 0027938879 scopus 로고
    • The safety of emergency neuromuscular blockade and orotracheal intubation in the acutely injured trauma patient
    • Norwood S, Myers MB, Butler TJ. The safety of emergency neuromuscular blockade and orotracheal intubation in the acutely injured trauma patient. J Am Coll Surg. 1994;179:646-652.
    • (1994) J Am Coll Surg , vol.179 , pp. 646-652
    • Norwood, S.1    Myers, M.B.2    Butler, T.J.3
  • 14
    • 0028868095 scopus 로고
    • Death and other complications of emergency airway management in critically ill adults
    • Schwartz DE, Matthay MA, Cohen NH. Death and other complications of emergency airway management in critically ill adults. Anesthesiology. 1995;82:367-376.
    • (1995) Anesthesiology , vol.82 , pp. 367-376
    • Schwartz, D.E.1    Matthay, M.A.2    Cohen, N.H.3
  • 15
    • 0031943026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, double-blind study on sedatives and hemodynamics during rapid-sequence intubation in the emergency department: The SHRED study
    • Sivilotti MLA, Ducharme J. Randomized, double-blind study on sedatives and hemodynamics during rapid-sequence intubation in the emergency department: the SHRED study. Ann Emerg Med. 1998;31:313-324.
    • (1998) Ann Emerg Med , vol.31 , pp. 313-324
    • Sivilotti, M.L.A.1    Ducharme, J.2
  • 16
    • 0032961036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspiration during anesthesia: A review of 133 cases from the Australian Anaesthetic Incident Monitoring Study
    • Kluger MT, Short TG. Aspiration during anesthesia: a review of 133 cases from the Australian Anaesthetic Incident Monitoring Study. Anaesthesia. 1999;54:19-26.
    • (1999) Anaesthesia , vol.54 , pp. 19-26
    • Kluger, M.T.1    Short, T.G.2
  • 17
    • 0032407293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of 20th century attitudes to prophylaxis of pulmonary aspiration during anaesthesia
    • McIntyre JWR. Evolution of 20th century attitudes to prophylaxis of pulmonary aspiration during anaesthesia. Can J Anaesth. 1998; 45:1024-1030.
    • (1998) Can J Anaesth , vol.45 , pp. 1024-1030
    • McIntyre, J.W.R.1
  • 19
    • 0028324904 scopus 로고
    • The golden hour and prehospital care
    • McNicholl BP. The golden hour and prehospital care. Injury. 1994;25:251-254.
    • (1994) Injury , vol.25 , pp. 251-254
    • McNicholl, B.P.1
  • 20
    • 0021701206 scopus 로고
    • Difficult tracheal intubation in obstetrics
    • Cormack RS, Lehane J. Difficult tracheal intubation in obstetrics. Anaesthesia. 1984;39: 1105-1111.
    • (1984) Anaesthesia , vol.39 , pp. 1105-1111
    • Cormack, R.S.1    Lehane, J.2
  • 21
    • 0005631294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition of the difficult airway
    • Benumof JL, ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby
    • Mallampati SR. Recognition of the difficult airway. In: Benumof JL, ed. Airway Management: Principles and Practice. St. Louis, MO: Mosby, 1996:126-142.
    • (1996) Airway Management: Principles and Practice , pp. 126-142
    • Mallampati, S.R.1
  • 22
    • 0023227943 scopus 로고
    • The difficult tracheal intubation
    • McIntyre JWR. The difficult tracheal intubation. Can J Anaesth. 1987;34:204-213.
    • (1987) Can J Anaesth , vol.34 , pp. 204-213
    • McIntyre, J.W.R.1
  • 23
    • 0025727196 scopus 로고
    • Initial evaluation and management of upper airway injuries in trauma patients
    • Cicala RS, Kudk KA, Butts A, et al. Initial evaluation and management of upper airway injuries in trauma patients. J Clin Anesth. 1991;3:91-98.
    • (1991) J Clin Anesth , vol.3 , pp. 91-98
    • Cicala, R.S.1    Kudk, K.A.2    Butts, A.3
  • 24
    • 0029111610 scopus 로고
    • Tracheal rupture following blunt chest trauma presenting as endotracheal tube obstruction
    • Henderson CL, Rose SR. Tracheal rupture following blunt chest trauma presenting as endotracheal tube obstruction. Can J Anaesth. 1995;42:816-819.
    • (1995) Can J Anaesth , vol.42 , pp. 816-819
    • Henderson, C.L.1    Rose, S.R.2
  • 25
    • 0027420743 scopus 로고
    • Airway management for patients with penetrating neck trauma: A retrospective study
    • Shearer VE, Giesecke AH. Airway management for patients with penetrating neck trauma: a retrospective study. Anesth Analg. 1993; 77:1135-1138.
    • (1993) Anesth Analg , vol.77 , pp. 1135-1138
    • Shearer, V.E.1    Giesecke, A.H.2
  • 26
    • 0033777401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sevoflurane mask anesthesia for urgent tracheostomy in an uncooperative trauma patient with a difficult airway
    • Smith CE, Fallon WF. Sevoflurane mask anesthesia for urgent tracheostomy in an uncooperative trauma patient with a difficult airway. Can J Anaesth. 2000;47:242-245.
    • (2000) Can J Anaesth , vol.47 , pp. 242-245
    • Smith, C.E.1    Fallon, W.F.2
  • 27
    • 0028221990 scopus 로고
    • Head extension and laryngeal view during laryngoscopy with cervical spine stabilization maneuvers
    • Hastings RH, Wood PR. Head extension and laryngeal view during laryngoscopy with cervical spine stabilization maneuvers. Anesthesiology. 1994;80:825-831.
    • (1994) Anesthesiology , vol.80 , pp. 825-831
    • Hastings, R.H.1    Wood, P.R.2
  • 28
    • 0027987781 scopus 로고
    • The effect on laryngoscopy of different cervical spine immobilisation techniques
    • Heath KJ. The effect on laryngoscopy of different cervical spine immobilisation techniques. Anaesthesia. 1994;49:843-845.
    • (1994) Anaesthesia , vol.49 , pp. 843-845
    • Heath, K.J.1
  • 29
    • 0032744360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of tracheal intubation difficulty in patients with cervical spine immobilization: Fiberoptic (WuScope) versus conventional laryngoscopy
    • Smith CE, Pinchak AB, Sidhu TS, et al. Evaluation of tracheal intubation difficulty in patients with cervical spine immobilization: fiberoptic (WuScope) versus conventional laryngoscopy. Anesthesiology. 1999;91:1253-1259.
    • (1999) Anesthesiology , vol.91 , pp. 1253-1259
    • Smith, C.E.1    Pinchak, A.B.2    Sidhu, T.S.3
  • 30
    • 0029790673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laryngoscopy using the McCoy laryngoscope after application of a cervical collar
    • Gabbott DA. Laryngoscopy using the McCoy laryngoscope after application of a cervical collar. Anaesthesia. 1996;51:812-814.
    • (1996) Anaesthesia , vol.51 , pp. 812-814
    • Gabbott, D.A.1
  • 31
    • 0027239954 scopus 로고
    • Orotracheal intubation in patients with potential cervical spine injuries: An indication for the gum elastic bougie
    • Nolan JP, Wilson ME. Orotracheal intubation in patients with potential cervical spine injuries: an indication for the gum elastic bougie. Anaesthesia. 1993;48:630-633.
    • (1993) Anaesthesia , vol.48 , pp. 630-633
    • Nolan, J.P.1    Wilson, M.E.2
  • 32
    • 0029925208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of the McCoy laryngoscope in patients with simulated cervical spine injuries
    • Laurent SC, de Mel AE, Alexander-Williams JM. The use of the McCoy laryngoscope in patients with simulated cervical spine injuries. Anaesthesia. 1996;51:74-75.
    • (1996) Anaesthesia , vol.51 , pp. 74-75
    • Laurent, S.C.1    De Mel, A.E.2    Alexander-Williams, J.M.3
  • 33
    • 0032847134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preoxygenation: Best method for both efficacy and efficiency?
    • Benumof JL. Preoxygenation: best method for both efficacy and efficiency? Anesthesiology. 1999;91:603-605.
    • (1999) Anesthesiology , vol.91 , pp. 603-605
    • Benumof, J.L.1
  • 34
    • 0032871393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preoxygenation: Comparison of maximal breathing and tidal volume breathing techniques
    • Baraka AS, Taha SK, Aouad MT, et al. Preoxygenation: comparison of maximal breathing and tidal volume breathing techniques. Anesthesiology. 1999;91:612-616.
    • (1999) Anesthesiology , vol.91 , pp. 612-616
    • Baraka, A.S.1    Taha, S.K.2    Aouad, M.T.3
  • 35
    • 0030718592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical hemoglobin desaturation will occur before return to an unparalyzed state after 1 mg/kg intravenous succinylcholine
    • Benumof JL, Dagg R, Benumof R. Critical hemoglobin desaturation will occur before return to an unparalyzed state after 1 mg/kg intravenous succinylcholine. Anesthesiology. 1997;87:979-982.
    • (1997) Anesthesiology , vol.87 , pp. 979-982
    • Benumof, J.L.1    Dagg, R.2    Benumof, R.3
  • 36
    • 49749217308 scopus 로고
    • Cricoid pressure to control regurgitation of stomach contents during induction of anaesthesia
    • Sellick BA. Cricoid pressure to control regurgitation of stomach contents during induction of anaesthesia. Lancet. 1961;2:404-406.
    • (1961) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 404-406
    • Sellick, B.A.1
  • 37
    • 0023146432 scopus 로고
    • Inflation pressure, gastric insufflation and rapid sequence induction
    • Lawes EG, Campbell I, Mercer D. Inflation pressure, gastric insufflation and rapid sequence induction. Br J Anaesth. 1987;59:315-318.
    • (1987) Br J Anaesth , vol.59 , pp. 315-318
    • Lawes, E.G.1    Campbell, I.2    Mercer, D.3
  • 39
    • 0027482729 scopus 로고
    • Effect of cricoid pressure on ease of insertion of the laryngeal mask airway
    • Brimacombe J, White A, Berry A. Effect of cricoid pressure on ease of insertion of the laryngeal mask airway. Br J Anaesth. 1993;71: 800-802.
    • (1993) Br J Anaesth , vol.71 , pp. 800-802
    • Brimacombe, J.1    White, A.2    Berry, A.3
  • 40
    • 0032891051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid sequence induction: A questionnaire survey of its routine conduct and continued management during a failed intubation
    • Thwaites AJ, Rice CP, Smith I. Rapid sequence induction: a questionnaire survey of its routine conduct and continued management during a failed intubation. Anaesthesia. 1999;54:372-392.
    • (1999) Anaesthesia , vol.54 , pp. 372-392
    • Thwaites, A.J.1    Rice, C.P.2    Smith, I.3
  • 41
    • 0031785137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fiberoptic endoscopic documentation of the high incidence of aspiration following extubation in critically ill trauma patients
    • Leder SB, Cohn SM, Moller BA. Fiberoptic endoscopic documentation of the high incidence of aspiration following extubation in critically ill trauma patients. Dysphagia. 1998; 13:208-212.
    • (1998) Dysphagia , vol.13 , pp. 208-212
    • Leder, S.B.1    Cohn, S.M.2    Moller, B.A.3
  • 42
    • 0027514768 scopus 로고
    • Clinical significance of pulmonary aspiration during the perioperative period
    • Warner MA, Warner ME, Weber JG. Clinical significance of pulmonary aspiration during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology. 1993; 78:56-62.
    • (1993) Anesthesiology , vol.78 , pp. 56-62
    • Warner, M.A.1    Warner, M.E.2    Weber, J.G.3
  • 43
    • 0025950746 scopus 로고
    • Airway obstruction following application of cricoid pressure
    • Shorten GD, Alfille PH, Gliklich RE. Airway obstruction following application of cricoid pressure. J Clin Anesth. 1991;3:403-403.
    • (1991) J Clin Anesth , vol.3 , pp. 403-403
    • Shorten, G.D.1    Alfille, P.H.2    Gliklich, R.E.3
  • 44
    • 0003413145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Student and instructor manual. Chicago, IL: American College of Surgeons
    • American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. Advanced Trauma Life Support Program for Physicians. Student and instructor manual. Chicago, IL: American College of Surgeons; 1997.
    • (1997) Advanced Trauma Life Support Program for Physicians
  • 45
    • 14344269621 scopus 로고
    • Comparative pharmacology of drugs used for the induction of anesthesia
    • Stoelting RK, Barash PG, Gallagher TJ, eds. Chicago, IL: Year Book Medical Publishers
    • Fragen RJ, Avram MJ. Comparative pharmacology of drugs used for the induction of anesthesia. In: Stoelting RK, Barash PG, Gallagher TJ, eds. Advances in Anesthesia. Chicago, IL: Year Book Medical Publishers; 1986.
    • (1986) Advances in Anesthesia
    • Fragen, R.J.1    Avram, M.J.2
  • 46
    • 0001087315 scopus 로고
    • Barbiturates
    • Miller RD, ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone
    • Fragen RJ, Avram MJ. Barbiturates. In: Miller RD, ed. Anesthesia. 4th ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 1994:229-246.
    • (1994) Anesthesia. 4th Ed. , pp. 229-246
    • Fragen, R.J.1    Avram, M.J.2
  • 47
    • 0000260261 scopus 로고
    • Nonbarbiturate intravenous anesthetics
    • Miller RD, ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone
    • Reves JG, Glass PSA, Lubarsky DA. Nonbarbiturate intravenous anesthetics. In: Miller RD, ed. Anesthesia. 4th ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 1994:247-289.
    • (1994) Anesthesia. 4th Ed. , pp. 247-289
    • Reves, J.G.1    Glass, P.S.A.2    Lubarsky, D.A.3
  • 48
    • 85037420217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology of propofol in the trauma patient
    • Grande CM, Smith CE, eds. ITACCS monograph. New York, NY: Intamed
    • Nolan J. Pharmacology of propofol in the trauma patient. In: Grande CM, Smith CE, eds. Propofol in Trauma Anesthesia: An Evolving Perspective. ITACCS monograph. New York, NY: Intamed; 1996:8-14.
    • (1996) Propofol in Trauma Anesthesia: An Evolving Perspective , pp. 8-14
    • Nolan, J.1
  • 49
    • 0028789908 scopus 로고
    • Prophylaxis against the systemic hypotension induced by propofol during rapid-sequence intubation
    • El-Beheiry H, Kim J, Milne B, et al. Prophylaxis against the systemic hypotension induced by propofol during rapid-sequence intubation. Can J Anaesth. 1995;42:875-878.
    • (1995) Can J Anaesth , vol.42 , pp. 875-878
    • El-Beheiry, H.1    Kim, J.2    Milne, B.3
  • 50
    • 0029953770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effects of etomidate, propofol, and thiopental on respiratory depression resistance after tracheal intubation
    • Eames WO, Rooke GA, Wu RS, et al. Comparison of the effects of etomidate, propofol, and thiopental on respiratory depression resistance after tracheal intubation. Anesthesiology. 1996;84:1307-1311.
    • (1996) Anesthesiology , vol.84 , pp. 1307-1311
    • Eames, W.O.1    Rooke, G.A.2    Wu, R.S.3
  • 51
    • 12644271906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative effects of thiopentone and propofol on respiratory resistance after tracheal intubation
    • Wu RS, Wu KC, Sum DC, et al. Comparative effects of thiopentone and propofol on respiratory resistance after tracheal intubation. Br J Anaesth. 1996;77:735-738.
    • (1996) Br J Anaesth , vol.77 , pp. 735-738
    • Wu, R.S.1    Wu, K.C.2    Sum, D.C.3
  • 52
    • 0029862223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propofol and alfentanil prevent the increase in intraocular pressure caused by succinylcholine and endotracheal intubation during a rapid sequence induction of anesthesia
    • Zimmerman AA, Funk KJ, Tidwell JL. Propofol and alfentanil prevent the increase in intraocular pressure caused by succinylcholine and endotracheal intubation during a rapid sequence induction of anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 1996;83:814-817.
    • (1996) Anesth Analg , vol.83 , pp. 814-817
    • Zimmerman, A.A.1    Funk, K.J.2    Tidwell, J.L.3
  • 53
    • 0031904672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propofol reduces succinylcholine induced increase of masseter muscle tone
    • Ummenhofer WC, Kindler C, Tschaler G, et al. Propofol reduces succinylcholine induced increase of masseter muscle tone. Can J Anacsth. 1998;45:417-423.
    • (1998) Can J Anacsth , vol.45 , pp. 417-423
    • Ummenhofer, W.C.1    Kindler, C.2    Tschaler, G.3
  • 55
    • 0031886758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2+ transients and contraction in rat ventricular myocytes at supraclinical concentrations
    • 2+ transients and contraction in rat ventricular myocytes at supraclinical concentrations. Anesthesiology. 1998;88:781-791.
    • (1998) Anesthesiology , vol.88 , pp. 781-791
    • Kanaya, N.1    Murray, P.A.2    Damron, D.S.3
  • 56
    • 0032935694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perioperative management of thoracic trauma
    • Kingsley CP. Perioperative management of thoracic trauma. Anesthesiol Clin North Am. 1999;17:183-195.
    • (1999) Anesthesiol Clin North Am , vol.17 , pp. 183-195
    • Kingsley, C.P.1
  • 57
    • 0026545516 scopus 로고
    • Ketamine decreases plasma catecholamines and improves outcome from incomplete cerebral ischemia in rats
    • Hoffman WE, Pelligrino D, Werner C, et al. Ketamine decreases plasma catecholamines and improves outcome from incomplete cerebral ischemia in rats. Anesthesiology. 1992; 76:755-762.
    • (1992) Anesthesiology , vol.76 , pp. 755-762
    • Hoffman, W.E.1    Pelligrino, D.2    Werner, C.3
  • 58
    • 0031755679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ketamine: Teaching an old drug new tricks
    • Kohrs R, Durieux ME. Ketamine: teaching an old drug new tricks. Anesth Analg. 1998;87: 1186-1193.
    • (1998) Anesth Analg , vol.87 , pp. 1186-1193
    • Kohrs, R.1    Durieux, M.E.2
  • 59
    • 0033025506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of induction of anaesthesia on intubating conditions one minute after rocuronium administration: Comparison of ketamine and thiopentone
    • Hans P, Brichant JF, Hubert B, et al. Influence of induction of anaesthesia on intubating conditions one minute after rocuronium administration: comparison of ketamine and thiopentone. Anaesthesia. 1999;54:276-279.
    • (1999) Anaesthesia , vol.54 , pp. 276-279
    • Hans, P.1    Brichant, J.F.2    Hubert, B.3
  • 60
    • 0031003341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiopentalrocuronium versus ketamine-rocuronium for rapid-sequence intubation in parturients undergoing cesarean section
    • Baraka AS, Sayyid SS, Assaf BA. Thiopentalrocuronium versus ketamine-rocuronium for rapid-sequence intubation in parturients undergoing cesarean section. Anesth Analg. 1997;84:1104-1107.
    • (1997) Anesth Analg , vol.84 , pp. 1104-1107
    • Baraka, A.S.1    Sayyid, S.S.2    Assaf, B.A.3
  • 61
    • 0002058573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the emergency management of asthma in adults
    • Beveridge RC, Grunfeld AF, Hodder RV, et al. Guidelines for the emergency management of asthma in adults. Can Med Assoc J. 1996;155:25-37.
    • (1996) Can Med Assoc J , vol.155 , pp. 25-37
    • Beveridge, R.C.1    Grunfeld, A.F.2    Hodder, R.V.3
  • 62
    • 0019955320 scopus 로고
    • Comparative evaluation of intravenous agents for rapid sequence induction: Thiopental, ketamine, and midazolam
    • White PF. Comparative evaluation of intravenous agents for rapid sequence induction: thiopental, ketamine, and midazolam. Anesthesiology. 1982;57:279-284.
    • (1982) Anesthesiology , vol.57 , pp. 279-284
    • White, P.F.1
  • 63
    • 0029661798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of pentobarbital and etomidate on plasma catecholamine levels and spectral analysis of blood pressure and heart rate in dogs
    • Mazerolles M, Senard JM, Verwaerde P, et al. Effects of pentobarbital and etomidate on plasma catecholamine levels and spectral analysis of blood pressure and heart rate in dogs. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 1996;10:298-303.
    • (1996) Fundam Clin Pharmacol , vol.10 , pp. 298-303
    • Mazerolles, M.1    Senard, J.M.2    Verwaerde, P.3
  • 64
    • 0025131789 scopus 로고
    • Influence of thiopentone, etomidate, and propofol on regional myocardial function in the normal and acute ischemic heart segment in dogs
    • De Hert SG, Vermeyen KM, Adriaesen HF. Influence of thiopentone, etomidate, and propofol on regional myocardial function in the normal and acute ischemic heart segment in dogs. Anesth Analg. 1990;70:600-607.
    • (1990) Anesth Analg , vol.70 , pp. 600-607
    • De Hert, S.G.1    Vermeyen, K.M.2    Adriaesen, H.F.3
  • 65
    • 0031768368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct cardiac effects in isolated perfused rat hearts measured at increasing concentrations of morphine, alfentanil, fentanyl, ketamine, etomidate, thiopentone, midazolam, and propofol
    • Suzer O, Suzer A, Aykac Z, et al. Direct cardiac effects in isolated perfused rat hearts measured at increasing concentrations of morphine, alfentanil, fentanyl, ketamine, etomidate, thiopentone, midazolam, and propofol. Eur J Anaesthesiol 1998;15:480-485.
    • (1998) Eur J Anaesthesiol , vol.15 , pp. 480-485
    • Suzer, O.1    Suzer, A.2    Aykac, Z.3
  • 66
    • 0031960885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Etomidate adversely alters determinants of left ventricular afterload in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy
    • Pagel PS, Hettrick DA, Kersten JR, et al. Etomidate adversely alters determinants of left ventricular afterload in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy. Anesth Analg. 1998;86:932-938.
    • (1998) Anesth Analg , vol.86 , pp. 932-938
    • Pagel, P.S.1    Hettrick, D.A.2    Kersten, J.R.3
  • 67
    • 0030062684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inotropic effects of propofol, thiopental, midazolam, etomidate, and ketamine on isolated human atrial muscle
    • Gelissen HP, Epema AH, Henning RH, et al. Inotropic effects of propofol, thiopental, midazolam, etomidate, and ketamine on isolated human atrial muscle. Anesthesiology. 1996;84:397-403.
    • (1996) Anesthesiology , vol.84 , pp. 397-403
    • Gelissen, H.P.1    Epema, A.H.2    Henning, R.H.3
  • 69
    • 0030982926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of etomidate for rapid sequence intubation in the emergency department
    • Bergen JM, Smith DC. A review of etomidate for rapid sequence intubation in the emergency department. J Emerg Med. 1997;15:221-230.
    • (1997) J Emerg Med , vol.15 , pp. 221-230
    • Bergen, J.M.1    Smith, D.C.2
  • 70
    • 0347597039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction anesthetique en sequence rapide pour l'intubation tracheale prehospitaliere
    • Adnet F, Hennequin B, Lapandry C. Induction anesthetique en sequence rapide pour l'intubation tracheale prehospitaliere. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim. 1998;17:688-698.
    • (1998) Ann Fr Anesth Reanim , vol.17 , pp. 688-698
    • Adnet, F.1    Hennequin, B.2    Lapandry, C.3
  • 71
    • 14344273139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of etomidate in trauma
    • Smith CE, Grande CM, eds. ITACCS monograph. New York, NY: McMahon Group
    • Lipp M, Thierbach A, Daublander M. Use of etomidate in trauma. In: Smith CE, Grande CM, eds. Perioperative Use of Etomidate in Trauma. ITACCS monograph. New York, NY: McMahon Group; 1996:7-8.
    • (1996) Perioperative Use of Etomidate in Trauma , pp. 7-8
    • Lipp, M.1    Thierbach, A.2    Daublander, M.3
  • 72
    • 0031894984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiopental or etomidate for rapid-sequence induction with rocuronium?
    • Fuchs-Buder T, Sparr HJ, Ziegenfub T. Thiopental or etomidate for rapid-sequence induction with rocuronium? Br J Anaesth. 1998; 80:504-506.
    • (1998) Br J Anaesth , vol.80 , pp. 504-506
    • Fuchs-Buder, T.1    Sparr, H.J.2    Ziegenfub, T.3
  • 73
    • 0024420210 scopus 로고
    • Sufentanil is preferable to etomidate during rapid-sequence anesthesia induction for aortocoronary bypass surgery
    • Butterworth JF IV, Bean VE, Royster RL. Sufentanil is preferable to etomidate during rapid-sequence anesthesia induction for aortocoronary bypass surgery. J Cardiothorac Anesth. 1989;3:396-400.
    • (1989) J Cardiothorac Anesth , vol.3 , pp. 396-400
    • Butterworth IV, J.F.1    Bean, V.E.2    Royster, R.L.3
  • 74
    • 0032795530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of hypovolemia on the pharmacokinetics and the electroencephalographic effect of etomidate in the rat
    • De Paepe P, Belpaire FM, Van Hoey G, et al. Influence of hypovolemia on the pharmacokinetics and the electroencephalographic effect of etomidate in the rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999;290:1048-1053.
    • (1999) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.290 , pp. 1048-1053
    • De Paepe, P.1    Belpaire, F.M.2    Van Hoey, G.3
  • 75
    • 0031915564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of intravenous anesthetics on normal and passively sensitized human isolated airway smooth muscle
    • Ouedraogo N, Roux E, Forestier F, et al. Effects of intravenous anesthetics on normal and passively sensitized human isolated airway smooth muscle. Anesthesiology. 1998;88: 317-326.
    • (1998) Anesthesiology , vol.88 , pp. 317-326
    • Ouedraogo, N.1    Roux, E.2    Forestier, F.3
  • 76
    • 14344276419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perioperative use of etomidate for trauma patients
    • Smith CE, Grande CM, eds. ITACCS monograph. New York, NY: McMahon Group
    • Kingsley CP. Perioperative use of etomidate for trauma patients. In: Smith CE, Grande CM, eds. Perioperative Use of Etomidate in Trauma. ITACCS monograph. New York, NY: McMahon Group; 1996:1-7.
    • (1996) Perioperative Use of Etomidate in Trauma , pp. 1-7
    • Kingsley, C.P.1
  • 77
    • 0021253073 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of adrenal steroidogenesis by the anesthetic etomidate
    • Wagner RL, White PF, Kan PB, et al. Inhibition of adrenal steroidogenesis by the anesthetic etomidate. N Engl J Med. 1984;310: 1415-1421.
    • (1984) N Engl J Med , vol.310 , pp. 1415-1421
    • Wagner, R.L.1    White, P.F.2    Kan, P.B.3
  • 78
    • 0032884057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adrenocortical function in critically ill patients 24 h after a single dose of etomidate
    • Absalom A, Pledger D, Kong A. Adrenocortical function in critically ill patients 24 h after a single dose of etomidate. Anaesthesia. 1999; 54:861-867.
    • (1999) Anaesthesia , vol.54 , pp. 861-867
    • Absalom, A.1    Pledger, D.2    Kong, A.3
  • 79
    • 14344278031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rational use of neuromuscular blocking agents for emergency airway management in the trauma patient
    • Smith CE, Grande CM, eds. ITACCS monograph. New York, NY: McMahon Group
    • Smith CE, Peerless JR. Rational use of neuromuscular blocking agents for emergency airway management in the trauma patient. In: Smith CE, Grande CM, eds. The Use of Neuromuscular Blocking Agents in the Trauma Patient. ITACCS monograph. New York, NY: McMahon Group; 1996:3-8.
    • (1996) The Use of Neuromuscular Blocking Agents in the Trauma Patient , pp. 3-8
    • Smith, C.E.1    Peerless, J.R.2
  • 80
    • 0001881604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical issues and perspectives: Is succinylcholine obsolete for the intubation of trauma patients?
    • Smith CE. Clinical issues and perspectives: is succinylcholine obsolete for the intubation of trauma patients? Trauma Care. 1998;8:17-18.
    • (1998) Trauma Care , vol.8 , pp. 17-18
    • Smith, C.E.1
  • 81
    • 0026341262 scopus 로고
    • The role of anesthetic induction agents and neuromuscular blockade in the endotracheal intubation of trauma victims
    • Ligier B, Buchman TG, Breslow MJ, et al. The role of anesthetic induction agents and neuromuscular blockade in the endotracheal intubation of trauma victims. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1991;173:477-481.
    • (1991) Surg Gynecol Obstet , vol.173 , pp. 477-481
    • Ligier, B.1    Buchman, T.G.2    Breslow, M.J.3
  • 82
    • 0023244052 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of blind nasotracheal and succinylcholine-assisted intubation in the poisoned patient
    • Dronen SC, Merigian KS, Hedges JR, et al. A comparison of blind nasotracheal and succinylcholine-assisted intubation in the poisoned patient. Ann Emerg Med. 1987;16:650-652.
    • (1987) Ann Emerg Med , vol.16 , pp. 650-652
    • Dronen, S.C.1    Merigian, K.S.2    Hedges, J.R.3
  • 83
    • 0008290790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Succinylcholine in the emergency department
    • Editorial
    • Bevan DR. Succinylcholine in the emergency department. Trauma Care. 1998;8:18. Editorial.
    • (1998) Trauma Care , vol.8 , pp. 18
    • Bevan, D.R.1
  • 84
    • 0026526403 scopus 로고
    • Tracheal intubation without the use of muscle relaxants: A technique using propofol and varying doses of alfentanil
    • Scheller MS, Zornow MH, Saidman LJ. Tracheal intubation without the use of muscle relaxants: a technique using propofol and varying doses of alfentanil. Anesth Analg. 1992;75:788-793.
    • (1992) Anesth Analg , vol.75 , pp. 788-793
    • Scheller, M.S.1    Zornow, M.H.2    Saidman, L.J.3
  • 85
    • 0024593629 scopus 로고
    • Doseresponse relationship for succinylcholine in a patient with genetically determined low plasma cholinesterase activity
    • Smith CE, Lewis G, Donati F, et al. Doseresponse relationship for succinylcholine in a patient with genetically determined low plasma cholinesterase activity. Anesthesiology. 1989;70:156-158.
    • (1989) Anesthesiology , vol.70 , pp. 156-158
    • Smith, C.E.1    Lewis, G.2    Donati, F.3
  • 86
    • 0028963763 scopus 로고
    • Complications of muscle relaxants
    • Bevan DR. Complications of muscle relaxants. Semin Anesth. 1995;14:63.
    • (1995) Semin Anesth , vol.14 , pp. 63
    • Bevan, D.R.1
  • 87
    • 0014685682 scopus 로고
    • Changes in serum potassium response to succinylcholine following trauma
    • Birch AA, Mitchell GD, Playford GA, et al. Changes in serum potassium response to succinylcholine following trauma. JAMA. 1969; 210:490-493.
    • (1969) JAMA , vol.210 , pp. 490-493
    • Birch, A.A.1    Mitchell, G.D.2    Playford, G.A.3
  • 88
    • 0016684964 scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of hyperkalemia induced by succinylcholine
    • Gronert GA, Theye RA. Pathophysiology of hyperkalemia induced by succinylcholine. Anesthesiology. 1975;43:89-99.
    • (1975) Anesthesiology , vol.43 , pp. 89-99
    • Gronert, G.A.1    Theye, R.A.2
  • 89
    • 0014660962 scopus 로고
    • Hyperkalemia and cardiovascular collapse following administration of succinylcholine to the traumatized patient
    • Mazze RI, Escue HM, Houston JB. Hyperkalemia and cardiovascular collapse following administration of succinylcholine to the traumatized patient. Anesthesiology. 1969;31:540-547.
    • (1969) Anesthesiology , vol.31 , pp. 540-547
    • Mazze, R.I.1    Escue, H.M.2    Houston, J.B.3
  • 90
    • 0014945374 scopus 로고
    • Succinylcholine-induced hyperkalemia in neuromuscular disease
    • Cooperman LH. Succinylcholine-induced hyperkalemia in neuromuscular disease. JAMA. 1970;213:1867-1871.
    • (1970) JAMA , vol.213 , pp. 1867-1871
    • Cooperman, L.H.1
  • 91
    • 0031882374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycogen depletion and lactate accumulation in human intercostal muscles after administration of succinylcholine
    • Mizuno M, Secher NH. Glycogen depletion and lactate accumulation in human intercostal muscles after administration of succinylcholine. Br J Anaesth. 1998;80:302-307.
    • (1998) Br J Anaesth , vol.80 , pp. 302-307
    • Mizuno, M.1    Secher, N.H.2
  • 92
    • 0026683547 scopus 로고
    • Succinylcholine-induced hyperkalemic arrest in a patient with severe metabolic acidosis and exsanguinating hemorrhage
    • Schwartz DE, Kelly B, Caldwell JE, et al. Succinylcholine-induced hyperkalemic arrest in a patient with severe metabolic acidosis and exsanguinating hemorrhage. Anesth Analg. 1992;75:291-293.
    • (1992) Anesth Analg , vol.75 , pp. 291-293
    • Schwartz, D.E.1    Kelly, B.2    Caldwell, J.E.3
  • 93
    • 0025783014 scopus 로고
    • Effect of succinylcholine on the intraocular contents of open globes
    • Moreno RJ, Kloess P, Carlson DW. Effect of succinylcholine on the intraocular contents of open globes. Ophthalmology. 1991;98:636-638.
    • (1991) Ophthalmology , vol.98 , pp. 636-638
    • Moreno, R.J.1    Kloess, P.2    Carlson, D.W.3
  • 94
    • 0028348525 scopus 로고
    • Succinylcholine does not change intracranial pressure, cerebral blood flow velocity, or the electroencephalogram in patients with neurologic injury
    • Kovarik WD, Mayberg TS, Lam AM, et al. Succinylcholine does not change intracranial pressure, cerebral blood flow velocity, or the electroencephalogram in patients with neurologic injury. Anesth Analg. 1994;78:469-473.
    • (1994) Anesth Analg , vol.78 , pp. 469-473
    • Kovarik, W.D.1    Mayberg, T.S.2    Lam, A.M.3
  • 95
    • 0029818598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of suxamethonium on intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure in patients with severe head injuries following blunt trauma
    • Brown MM, Parr MJA, Manara AR. The effect of suxamethonium on intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure in patients with severe head injuries following blunt trauma. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 1996;13:474-477.
    • (1996) Eur J Anaesthesiol , vol.13 , pp. 474-477
    • Brown, M.M.1    Parr, M.J.A.2    Manara, A.R.3
  • 96
    • 0028350069 scopus 로고
    • Waiting time alters muscle fasciculation response after succinylcholine in adult patients
    • Pinchak AC, Smith CE, Shepard LS, et al. Waiting time alters muscle fasciculation response after succinylcholine in adult patients. Can J Anaesth. 1994;41:206-212.
    • (1994) Can J Anaesth , vol.41 , pp. 206-212
    • Pinchak, A.C.1    Smith, C.E.2    Shepard, L.S.3
  • 97
    • 0026710495 scopus 로고
    • Rapid-sequence intubation of head trauma patients: Prevention of fasciculations with pancuronium versus minidose succinylcholine
    • Koenig KL. Rapid-sequence intubation of head trauma patients: prevention of fasciculations with pancuronium versus minidose succinylcholine. Ann Emerg Med. 1992;21: 929-932.
    • (1992) Ann Emerg Med , vol.21 , pp. 929-932
    • Koenig, K.L.1
  • 98
    • 0030925561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid sequence intubation in adults with elevated intracranial pressure: A survey of emergency medicine residency programs
    • Silber SH. Rapid sequence intubation in adults with elevated intracranial pressure: a survey of emergency medicine residency programs. Am J Emerg Med. 1997;15:263-267.
    • (1997) Am J Emerg Med , vol.15 , pp. 263-267
    • Silber, S.H.1
  • 99
    • 0030908286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents after a priming dose of vecuronium
    • Shorten GD, Braude BM. Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents after a priming dose of vecuronium. Paediatr Anaesth. 1997;7:167-169.
    • (1997) Paediatr Anaesth , vol.7 , pp. 167-169
    • Shorten, G.D.1    Braude, B.M.2
  • 100
    • 0022596471 scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary aspiration after a priming dose of vecuronium
    • Musich J, Walts LF. Pulmonary aspiration after a priming dose of vecuronium. Anesthesiology. 1986;64:517-518.
    • (1986) Anesthesiology , vol.64 , pp. 517-518
    • Musich, J.1    Walts, L.F.2
  • 101
    • 0030866853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of priming with vecuronium and rocuronium on young and elderly patients
    • Aziz L, Jahangir SM, Choudhury SN, et al. The effect of priming with vecuronium and rocuronium on young and elderly patients. Anesth Analg. 1997;85:663-666.
    • (1997) Anesth Analg , vol.85 , pp. 663-666
    • Aziz, L.1    Jahangir, S.M.2    Choudhury, S.N.3
  • 102
    • 0015172428 scopus 로고
    • The effect of pretreatment with nondepolarizing muscle relaxants on the neuromuscular blocking action of succinylcholine
    • Cullen DJ. The effect of pretreatment with nondepolarizing muscle relaxants on the neuromuscular blocking action of succinylcholine. Anesthesiology. 1971;35:572-578.
    • (1971) Anesthesiology , vol.35 , pp. 572-578
    • Cullen, D.J.1
  • 103
    • 0032902353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can rocuronium replace succinylcholine in a rapidsequence induction of anaesthesia?
    • Engbaek J, Viby-Mogensen J. Can rocuronium replace succinylcholine in a rapidsequence induction of anaesthesia? Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1999;43:1-3.
    • (1999) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.43 , pp. 1-3
    • Engbaek, J.1    Viby-Mogensen, J.2
  • 104
    • 0033168721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rocuronium for rapid sequence intubation of emergency department patients
    • Sakles JC, Laurin EG, Rantapaa AA, et al. Rocuronium for rapid sequence intubation of emergency department patients. J Emerg Med. 1999;17:611-616.
    • (1999) J Emerg Med , vol.17 , pp. 611-616
    • Sakles, J.C.1    Laurin, E.G.2    Rantapaa, A.A.3
  • 105
    • 0030988924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracheal intubating conditions and neuromuscular blockade after divided dose mivacurium and single dose rocuronium: A double blinded randomized study in adult patients
    • Patel N, Kamath N, Smith CE, et al. Tracheal intubating conditions and neuromuscular blockade after divided dose mivacurium and single dose rocuronium: a double blinded randomized study in adult patients. Can J Anaesth. 1997;44:49-53.
    • (1997) Can J Anaesth , vol.44 , pp. 49-53
    • Patel, N.1    Kamath, N.2    Smith, C.E.3
  • 106
    • 0027444833 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of rocuronium, succinylcholine, and vecuronium for rapid-sequence induction of anesthesia in adult patients
    • Magorian T, Flannery KB, Miller RD. Comparison of rocuronium, succinylcholine, and vecuronium for rapid-sequence induction of anesthesia in adult patients. Anesthesiology. 1993;79:913-918.
    • (1993) Anesthesiology , vol.79 , pp. 913-918
    • Magorian, T.1    Flannery, K.B.2    Miller, R.D.3
  • 107
    • 0001860591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracheal intubating conditions and orbicularis oculi neuromuscular block during modified rapid sequence intubation
    • Patel N, Botero C, Smith CE, et al. Tracheal intubating conditions and orbicularis oculi neuromuscular block during modified rapid sequence intubation. Am J Anesthesiol. 1998; 25:15-20.
    • (1998) Am J Anesthesiol , vol.25 , pp. 15-20
    • Patel, N.1    Botero, C.2    Smith, C.E.3
  • 108
    • 0027947405 scopus 로고
    • Onset and duration of rocuronium and succinylcholine at the adductor pollicis and laryngeal adductor muscles in anesthetized humans
    • Wright PMC, Caldwell JE, Miller RD. Onset and duration of rocuronium and succinylcholine at the adductor pollicis and laryngeal adductor muscles in anesthetized humans. Anesthesiology. 1994;81:1110-1115.
    • (1994) Anesthesiology , vol.81 , pp. 1110-1115
    • Wright, P.M.C.1    Caldwell, J.E.2    Miller, R.D.3
  • 109
    • 0344033964 scopus 로고
    • Onset of action of relaxants
    • Donati F. Onset of action of relaxants. Can J Anaesth. 1988;35:552-558.
    • (1988) Can J Anaesth , vol.35 , pp. 552-558
    • Donati, F.1
  • 110
    • 0030746229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double-blind comparison of two doses of rocuronium and succinylcholine for rapid-sequence intubation
    • Weiss JH, Gratz I, Goldberg ME, et al. Double-blind comparison of two doses of rocuronium and succinylcholine for rapid-sequence intubation. J Clin Anesth. 1997;9:379-382.
    • (1997) J Clin Anesth , vol.9 , pp. 379-382
    • Weiss, J.H.1    Gratz, I.2    Goldberg, M.E.3
  • 111
    • 0026671260 scopus 로고
    • Rocuronium (ORG-9426) neuromuscular blockade at the adductor muscles of the larynx and adductor pollicis in humans
    • Meistelman C, Plaud B, Donati F. Rocuronium (ORG-9426) neuromuscular blockade at the adductor muscles of the larynx and adductor pollicis in humans. Can J Anaesth. 1992;39:665-669.
    • (1992) Can J Anaesth , vol.39 , pp. 665-669
    • Meistelman, C.1    Plaud, B.2    Donati, F.3
  • 112
    • 0028117786 scopus 로고
    • Neuromuscular effects of rocuronium on the diaphragm and adductor pollicis muscles in anesthetized patients
    • Cantineau JP, Porte F, d'Honneur G, et al. Neuromuscular effects of rocuronium on the diaphragm and adductor pollicis muscles in anesthetized patients. Anesthesiology. 1994;81: 585-590.
    • (1994) Anesthesiology , vol.81 , pp. 585-590
    • Cantineau, J.P.1    Porte, F.2    D'Honneur, G.3
  • 113
    • 0032901127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A large simple randomized trial of rocuronium versus succinylcholine in rapidsequence induction of anaesthesia along with propofol
    • Andrews JI, Kumar N, van den Brom RHG, et al. A large simple randomized trial of rocuronium versus succinylcholine in rapidsequence induction of anaesthesia along with propofol. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1999;43: 4-8.
    • (1999) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.43 , pp. 4-8
    • Andrews, J.I.1    Kumar, N.2    Van Den Brom, R.H.G.3
  • 114
    • 0031658068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of rocuronium and suxamethonium for use during rapid sequence induction of anaesthesia
    • McCourt KC, Salmela L, Mirakhur RK, et al. Comparison of rocuronium and suxamethonium for use during rapid sequence induction of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia. 1998;53:867-871.
    • (1998) Anaesthesia , vol.53 , pp. 867-871
    • McCourt, K.C.1    Salmela, L.2    Mirakhur, R.K.3
  • 115
    • 0033022912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid tracheal intubation with rocuronium: A probability approach to determining dose
    • Kirkegaard-Nielson H, Caldwell JE, Berry PD. Rapid tracheal intubation with rocuronium: a probability approach to determining dose. Anesthesiology. 1999;91:131-136.
    • (1999) Anesthesiology , vol.91 , pp. 131-136
    • Kirkegaard-Nielson, H.1    Caldwell, J.E.2    Berry, P.D.3
  • 116
    • 0031815019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in plasma catecholamine concentrations and haemodynamic effects of rocuronium and vecuronium in elderly patients
    • Shorten GD, Uppington J, Comunale ME. Changes in plasma catecholamine concentrations and haemodynamic effects of rocuronium and vecuronium in elderly patients. Eur J Anaesthcsiol. 1998;15:335-341.
    • (1998) Eur J Anaesthcsiol , vol.15 , pp. 335-341
    • Shorten, G.D.1    Uppington, J.2    Comunale, M.E.3
  • 117
    • 0032869782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rocuronium versus vecuronium during fentanyl induction in patients undergoing coronary artery surgery
    • Smith CE, Botero C, Holbrook C, et al. Rocuronium versus vecuronium during fentanyl induction in patients undergoing coronary artery surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 1999;13:567-573.
    • (1999) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth , vol.13 , pp. 567-573
    • Smith, C.E.1    Botero, C.2    Holbrook, C.3
  • 118
    • 0033043796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraocular pressure changes during rapid sequence induction and intubation: A comparison of rocuronium, atracurium, and succinylcholine
    • Vinik HR. Intraocular pressure changes during rapid sequence induction and intubation: a comparison of rocuronium, atracurium, and succinylcholine. J Clin Anesth. 1999;11: 95-100.
    • (1999) J Clin Anesth , vol.11 , pp. 95-100
    • Vinik, H.R.1
  • 119
    • 0032983233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early reversal of rapacuronium with neostigmine
    • Purdy R, Bevan DR, Donati F, et al. Early reversal of rapacuronium with neostigmine. Anesthesiology. 1999;91:51-57.
    • (1999) Anesthesiology , vol.91 , pp. 51-57
    • Purdy, R.1    Bevan, D.R.2    Donati, F.3
  • 121
    • 0032991981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of intubating conditions after rapacuronium (ORG 9487) and succinylcholine following rapid sequence induction in adult patients
    • Sparr HJ, Mellinghoff H, Blobner M, et al. Comparison of intubating conditions after rapacuronium (ORG 9487) and succinylcholine following rapid sequence induction in adult patients. Br J Anaesth. 1999;82:537-541.
    • (1999) Br J Anaesth , vol.82 , pp. 537-541
    • Sparr, H.J.1    Mellinghoff, H.2    Blobner, M.3
  • 122
    • 0025089151 scopus 로고
    • Vecuronium neuromuscular blockade at the diaphragm, the orbicularis oculi, and adductor pollicis muscles
    • Donati F, Meistelman C, Plaud B. Vecuronium neuromuscular blockade at the diaphragm, the orbicularis oculi, and adductor pollicis muscles. Anesthesiology. 1990;73:870-875.
    • (1990) Anesthesiology , vol.73 , pp. 870-875
    • Donati, F.1    Meistelman, C.2    Plaud, B.3
  • 123
    • 0031848152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Onset time, endotracheal intubating conditions, and plasma histamine after cisatracurium and vecuronium administration
    • Doenicke AW, Czeslick E, Moss J, et al. Onset time, endotracheal intubating conditions, and plasma histamine after cisatracurium and vecuronium administration. Anesth Analg. 1998; 87:434-438.
    • (1998) Anesth Analg , vol.87 , pp. 434-438
    • Doenicke, A.W.1    Czeslick, E.2    Moss, J.3
  • 124
    • 4243359960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of neuromuscular blocking agents for trauma patients in the intensive care unit
    • Smith CE, Grande CM, eds. ITACCS monograph. New York, NY: McMahon Group
    • Smith CE, Peerless JR. Use of neuromuscular blocking agents for trauma patients in the intensive care unit. In: Smith CE, Grande CM, eds. Muscle Relaxants in the Trauma Patient. ITACCS monograph. New York, NY: McMahon Group; 1996:16-21.
    • (1996) Muscle Relaxants in the Trauma Patient , pp. 16-21
    • Smith, C.E.1    Peerless, J.R.2
  • 125
    • 0027160678 scopus 로고
    • High-dose vecuronium may be an alternative to suxamethonium for rapid-sequence intubation
    • Koller ME, Husby P. High-dose vecuronium may be an alternative to suxamethonium for rapid-sequence intubation. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1993;37:465-468.
    • (1993) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.37 , pp. 465-468
    • Koller, M.E.1    Husby, P.2
  • 126
    • 0025037981 scopus 로고
    • Neuromuscular and cardiovascular effects of highdose vecuronium
    • Tullock WC, Diana P, Cook R, et al. Neuromuscular and cardiovascular effects of highdose vecuronium. Anesth Anal. 1990;70:86-90.
    • (1990) Anesth Anal , vol.70 , pp. 86-90
    • Tullock, W.C.1    Diana, P.2    Cook, R.3
  • 127
    • 0030806927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midazolam: A review of therapeutic uses and toxicity
    • Nordt SP, Clark RF. Midazolam: a review of therapeutic uses and toxicity. J Emerg Med. 1997;15:357-365.
    • (1997) J Emerg Med , vol.15 , pp. 357-365
    • Nordt, S.P.1    Clark, R.F.2
  • 128
    • 85037419376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midazolam and flumazenil use in trauma patients
    • Smith CE, Grande CM, eds. Baltimore, MD: University of Maryland Medical System
    • Stene JK. Midazolam and flumazenil use in trauma patients. In: Smith CE, Grande CM, eds. The Use of Midazolam and Flumazenil in Trauma Anesthesia. Baltimore, MD: University of Maryland Medical System; 1999:2-4.
    • (1999) The Use of Midazolam and Flumazenil in Trauma Anesthesia , pp. 2-4
    • Stene, J.K.1
  • 129
    • 85037419532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perioperative use of midazolam and flumazenil in trauma
    • Smith CE, Grande CM, eds. Baltimore, MD: University of Maryland Medical System
    • Lipp M, Thierbach A, Daublander M. Perioperative use of midazolam and flumazenil in trauma. In: Smith CE, Grande CM, eds. The Use of Midazolam and Flumazenil in Trauma Anesthesia. Baltimore, MD: University of Maryland Medical System; 1999:11-13.
    • (1999) The Use of Midazolam and Flumazenil in Trauma Anesthesia , pp. 11-13
    • Lipp, M.1    Thierbach, A.2    Daublander, M.3
  • 130
    • 0029766195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of induction technique on intubating conditions after rocuronium in adults: Comparison with rapid-sequence using thiopentone and suxamethonium
    • Sparr HJ, Giesenger S, Ulmer H, et al. Influence of induction technique on intubating conditions after rocuronium in adults: comparison with rapid-sequence using thiopentone and suxamethonium. Br J Anaesth. 1996; 77:339-342.
    • (1996) Br J Anaesth , vol.77 , pp. 339-342
    • Sparr, H.J.1    Giesenger, S.2    Ulmer, H.3
  • 131
    • 14344268027 scopus 로고
    • Upper airway closure: A primary source of difficult ventilation with sufentanil induction
    • Abrams JT, Horrow JC, Bennett JA, et al. Upper airway closure: a primary source of difficult ventilation with sufentanil induction. Anesth Analg. 1993;79:913-918.
    • (1993) Anesth Analg , vol.79 , pp. 913-918
    • Abrams, J.T.1    Horrow, J.C.2    Bennett, J.A.3
  • 132
    • 0000123933 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous opioid anesthetics
    • Miller RD, ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone
    • Bailey PL, Stanley TH. Intravenous opioid anesthetics. In: Miller RD, ed. Anesthesia. 4th ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 1994:291-387.
    • (1994) Anesthesia. 4th Ed. , pp. 291-387
    • Bailey, P.L.1    Stanley, T.H.2
  • 133
    • 0030695928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of anaesthesia and muscle relaxation on intubating conditions and sympathoadrenal response to tracheal intubation
    • Sparr HJ, Leo C, Ladner E, et al. Influence of anaesthesia and muscle relaxation on intubating conditions and sympathoadrenal response to tracheal intubation. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1997;41:1300-1307.
    • (1997) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.41 , pp. 1300-1307
    • Sparr, H.J.1    Leo, C.2    Ladner, E.3
  • 134
    • 0025757077 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, and rational opioid selection
    • Shafer SL, Varvel JR. Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, and rational opioid selection. Anesthesiology. 1991;74:53-63.
    • (1991) Anesthesiology , vol.74 , pp. 53-63
    • Shafer, S.L.1    Varvel, J.R.2
  • 135
    • 0027493985 scopus 로고
    • The pharmacokinetics of the new short-acting opioid remifentanil (GI87084B) in health adult male volunteers
    • Egan TD, Lemmens HJM, Fiset P, et al. The pharmacokinetics of the new short-acting opioid remifentanil (GI87084B) in health adult male volunteers. Anesthesiology. 1993; 79:881-892.
    • (1993) Anesthesiology , vol.79 , pp. 881-892
    • Egan, T.D.1    Lemmens, H.J.M.2    Fiset, P.3
  • 136
    • 0032940080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bolus dose remifentanil for control of haemodynamic response to tracheal intubation during rapid sequence induction of anesthesia
    • O'Hare R, McAtamney D, Mirakhur RK, et al. Bolus dose remifentanil for control of haemodynamic response to tracheal intubation during rapid sequence induction of anesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 1999;82:283-285.
    • (1999) Br J Anaesth , vol.82 , pp. 283-285
    • O'Hare, R.1    McAtamney, D.2    Mirakhur, R.K.3
  • 137
    • 0030022311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of nicardipine, diltiazem and verapamil for controlling the cardiovascular responses to tracheal intubation
    • Mikawa K, Nishina K, Maekawa N, et al. Comparison of nicardipine, diltiazem and verapamil for controlling the cardiovascular responses to tracheal intubation. Br J Anaesth. 1996;76:221-226.
    • (1996) Br J Anaesth , vol.76 , pp. 221-226
    • Mikawa, K.1    Nishina, K.2    Maekawa, N.3
  • 138
    • 0032408073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diltiazem-lidocaine combination for the attenuation of cardiovascular responses to tracheal intubation in hypertensive patients
    • Fujii Y, Saitoh Y, Takahashi S, et al. Diltiazem-lidocaine combination for the attenuation of cardiovascular responses to tracheal intubation in hypertensive patients. Can J Anaesth. 1998;45:933-937.
    • (1998) Can J Anaesth , vol.45 , pp. 933-937
    • Fujii, Y.1    Saitoh, Y.2    Takahashi, S.3
  • 139
    • 0024781712 scopus 로고
    • Partial attenuation of hemodynamic responses to rapid sequence induction and intubation with labetalol
    • Bernstein JS, Ebert TJ, Stowe DF, et al. Partial attenuation of hemodynamic responses to rapid sequence induction and intubation with labetalol. J Clin Anesth. 1989;1:444-451.
    • (1989) J Clin Anesth , vol.1 , pp. 444-451
    • Bernstein, J.S.1    Ebert, T.J.2    Stowe, D.F.3
  • 140
    • 0026526509 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of fentanyl, esmolol, and their combination for blunting the haemodynamic responses during rapid-sequence induction
    • Chung KS, Sinatra RS, Halevy JD, et al. A comparison of fentanyl, esmolol, and their combination for blunting the haemodynamic responses during rapid-sequence induction. Can J Anaesth. 1992;39:774-779.
    • (1992) Can J Anaesth , vol.39 , pp. 774-779
    • Chung, K.S.1    Sinatra, R.S.2    Halevy, J.D.3
  • 141
    • 0022496890 scopus 로고
    • Lack of effect of intravenous lidocaine on hemodynamic responses to rapid sequence induction of general anesthesia: A double-blind controlled clinical trial
    • Chraemmer-Jorgensen B, Hoilund-Carlsen PF, Marving J, et al. Lack of effect of intravenous lidocaine on hemodynamic responses to rapid sequence induction of general anesthesia: a double-blind controlled clinical trial. Anesth Analg. 1986;65:1037-1041.
    • (1986) Anesth Analg , vol.65 , pp. 1037-1041
    • Chraemmer-Jorgensen, B.1    Hoilund-Carlsen, P.F.2    Marving, J.3
  • 142
    • 0031746524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergency tracheal intubation of patients lying supine on the ground: Influence of operator body position
    • Adnet F, Cydulka RK, Lapandry C. Emergency tracheal intubation of patients lying supine on the ground: influence of operator body position. Can J Anaesth. 1998;45:266-269.
    • (1998) Can J Anaesth , vol.45 , pp. 266-269
    • Adnet, F.1    Cydulka, R.K.2    Lapandry, C.3
  • 143
    • 0030877560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taping methods and tape types for securing oral endotracheal tubes
    • Patel N, Smith CE, Pichak AC, et al. Taping methods and tape types for securing oral endotracheal tubes. Can J Anaesth. 1997;44: 330-336.
    • (1997) Can J Anaesth , vol.44 , pp. 330-336
    • Patel, N.1    Smith, C.E.2    Pichak, A.C.3
  • 144
    • 0029880463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative improvement in laryngoscopic view by optimal external Iaryngeal manipulation
    • Benumof JL, Cooper SD. Quantitative improvement in laryngoscopic view by optimal external Iaryngeal manipulation. J Clin Anesth. 1996;8:136-140.
    • (1996) J Clin Anesth , vol.8 , pp. 136-140
    • Benumof, J.L.1    Cooper, S.D.2
  • 145
    • 0027174634 scopus 로고
    • Difficult laryngoscopy made easy with a "BURP."
    • Knill RL. Difficult laryngoscopy made easy with a "BURP." Can J Anaesth. 1993;40:279-282.
    • (1993) Can J Anaesth , vol.40 , pp. 279-282
    • Knill, R.L.1
  • 146
    • 0005631298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracheal intubation using the gum elastic bougie in an adult patient with epiglottitis: A case report
    • Smith CE, Michaels E. Tracheal intubation using the gum elastic bougie in an adult patient with epiglottitis: a case report. Am J Anesthesiol. 2001;28:98-100.
    • (2001) Am J Anesthesiol , vol.28 , pp. 98-100
    • Smith, C.E.1    Michaels, E.2
  • 147
    • 0000416396 scopus 로고
    • Clinical assessment of the adult Bullard laryngoscope
    • Saunders PR, Giesecke AH. Clinical assessment of the adult Bullard laryngoscope. Can J Anaesth. 1989;36:5118-5119.
    • (1989) Can J Anaesth , vol.36 , pp. 5118-5119
    • Saunders, P.R.1    Giesecke, A.H.2
  • 148
    • 0028916427 scopus 로고
    • Cervical spine movement during laryngoscopy with the Bullard, Macintosh, and Miller laryngoscopes
    • Hastings RH, Vigil AC, Hanna R, et al. Cervical spine movement during laryngoscopy with the Bullard, Macintosh, and Miller laryngoscopes. Anesthesiohgy. 1995;82:859-869.
    • (1995) Anesthesiohgy , vol.82 , pp. 859-869
    • Hastings, R.H.1    Vigil, A.C.2    Hanna, R.3
  • 149
    • 0031454801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the Bullard and Macintosh laryngoscopes for endotracheal intubation of patients with a potential cervical spine injury
    • Watts AD, Gelb AW, Bach DB, et al. Comparison of the Bullard and Macintosh laryngoscopes for endotracheal intubation of patients with a potential cervical spine injury. Anesthesiology. 1997;87:1335-1342.
    • (1997) Anesthesiology , vol.87 , pp. 1335-1342
    • Watts, A.D.1    Gelb, A.W.2    Bach, D.B.3
  • 150
    • 0028149284 scopus 로고
    • A new laryngoscope: The combination intubating device
    • Wu TL, Chou HC. A new laryngoscope: the combination intubating device. Anesthesiology. 1994;81:1085-1087.
    • (1994) Anesthesiology , vol.81 , pp. 1085-1087
    • Wu, T.L.1    Chou, H.C.2
  • 151
    • 0033050526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The complexity of tracheal intubation using rigid fiberoptic laryngoscopy (WuScope)
    • Smith CE, Sidhu TS, Lever J, et al. The complexity of tracheal intubation using rigid fiberoptic laryngoscopy (WuScope). Anesth Analg. 1999;89:236-239.
    • (1999) Anesth Analg , vol.89 , pp. 236-239
    • Smith, C.E.1    Sidhu, T.S.2    Lever, J.3
  • 152
    • 0030766142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The McCoy levering laryngoscope in patients with limited neck extension
    • Uchida T, Hikawa Y, Saito Y, et al. The McCoy levering laryngoscope in patients with limited neck extension. Can J Anaesth. 1997; 44:674-676.
    • (1997) Can J Anaesth , vol.44 , pp. 674-676
    • Uchida, T.1    Hikawa, Y.2    Saito, Y.3
  • 153
    • 0029116439 scopus 로고
    • Lightwand intubation, I: A new lightwand device
    • Hung OR, Stewart RD. Lightwand intubation, I: a new lightwand device. Can J Anaesth. 1995;42:820-825.
    • (1995) Can J Anaesth , vol.42 , pp. 820-825
    • Hung, O.R.1    Stewart, R.D.2
  • 154
    • 0029142933 scopus 로고
    • Lightwand intubation, II: Clinical trial of a new light-wand for tracheal intubation in patients with difficult airways
    • Hung OR, Pytka S, Morris I, et al. Lightwand intubation, II: clinical trial of a new light-wand for tracheal intubation in patients with difficult airways. Can J Anaesth. 1995;42:826-80.
    • (1995) Can J Anaesth , vol.42 , pp. 826-880
    • Hung, O.R.1    Pytka, S.2    Morris, I.3
  • 158
    • 0032731761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using the intubating laryngeal mask airway (LMA-Fastrach™) for blind endotracheal intubation in patients undergoing cervical spine operation
    • Nakazawa K, Tanaka N, Ishikawa S, et al. Using the intubating laryngeal mask airway (LMA-Fastrach™) for blind endotracheal intubation in patients undergoing cervical spine operation. Anesth Analg. 1999;89:1319-1321.
    • (1999) Anesth Analg , vol.89 , pp. 1319-1321
    • Nakazawa, K.1    Tanaka, N.2    Ishikawa, S.3
  • 159
    • 0032784533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Light-guided tracheal intubation using a prototype illuminated flexible catheter through the intubating laryngeal mask
    • Dimitriou V, Voyagis GS. Light-guided tracheal intubation using a prototype illuminated flexible catheter through the intubating laryngeal mask. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 1999;16: 448-453.
    • (1999) Eur J Anaesthesiol , vol.16 , pp. 448-453
    • Dimitriou, V.1    Voyagis, G.S.2
  • 160
    • 0031856420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The laryngeal mask airway in emergency medicine, neonatal resuscitation, and intensive care medicine
    • Berry AM, Brimacombe JR, Verghese C. The laryngeal mask airway in emergency medicine, neonatal resuscitation, and intensive care medicine. Int Anesthesiol Clin. 1998;36: 91-109.
    • (1998) Int Anesthesiol Clin , vol.36 , pp. 91-109
    • Berry, A.M.1    Brimacombe, J.R.2    Verghese, C.3
  • 161
    • 0029930890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The laryngeal mask airway and the American Society of Anesthesiologists Difficult Airway Algorithm
    • Benumof JL. The laryngeal mask airway and the American Society of Anesthesiologists Difficult Airway Algorithm. Anesthesiology. 1996;84:686-699.
    • (1996) Anesthesiology , vol.84 , pp. 686-699
    • Benumof, J.L.1
  • 162
    • 0029993139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the advanced management of the airway and ventilation during resuscitation. A statement by the airway and ventilation management working group of the European Resuscitation Council
    • Guidelines for the advanced management of the airway and ventilation during resuscitation. A statement by the airway and ventilation management working group of the European Resuscitation Council. Resuscitation. 1996;31:201-230.
    • (1996) Resuscitation , vol.31 , pp. 201-230
  • 163
    • 0028886312 scopus 로고
    • The advantages of the LMA over the tracheal tube or facemask: A metaanalysis
    • Brimacombe J. The advantages of the LMA over the tracheal tube or facemask: a metaanalysis. Can J Anaesth. 1995;42:1017-1023.
    • (1995) Can J Anaesth , vol.42 , pp. 1017-1023
    • Brimacombe, J.1
  • 164
    • 0006372461 scopus 로고
    • The laryngeal mask in pre-hospital emergency care
    • Grantham HG, Phillips G, Gilligan JE. The laryngeal mask in pre-hospital emergency care. Emerg Med. 1994;1:217-219.
    • (1994) Emerg Med , vol.1 , pp. 217-219
    • Grantham, H.G.1    Phillips, G.2    Gilligan, J.E.3
  • 166
    • 0030622475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The PTL, Combitube, laryngeal mask, and oral airway: A randomized prehospital comparative study of ventilatory device effectiveness and costeffectiveness in 470 cases of cardiorespiratory arrest
    • Rumball CJ, MacDonald D. The PTL, Combitube, laryngeal mask, and oral airway: a randomized prehospital comparative study of ventilatory device effectiveness and costeffectiveness in 470 cases of cardiorespiratory arrest. Prehosp Emerg Care. 1997;1:1-10.
    • (1997) Prehosp Emerg Care , vol.1 , pp. 1-10
    • Rumball, C.J.1    MacDonald, D.2
  • 167
    • 0032043889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choice of airway device for 12,020 cases of nontraumatic cardiac arrest in Japan
    • Tanagawa K, Shigematsu A. Choice of airway device for 12,020 cases of nontraumatic cardiac arrest in Japan. Prehosp Emerg Care. 1998;2:96-100.
    • (1998) Prehosp Emerg Care , vol.2 , pp. 96-100
    • Tanagawa, K.1    Shigematsu, A.2
  • 168
    • 0031966737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Failed rapid sequence intubation in trauma patients: Esophageal tracheal Combitube is a useful adjunct
    • Blostein PA, Koestner AJ, Hoak S. Failed rapid sequence intubation in trauma patients: esophageal tracheal Combitube is a useful adjunct. J Trauma. 1998;44:534-537.
    • (1998) J Trauma , vol.44 , pp. 534-537
    • Blostein, P.A.1    Koestner, A.J.2    Hoak, S.3
  • 169
    • 2642707487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complications associated with the use of the esophageal-tracheal Combitube
    • Vezina D, Lessard MR, Bussieres J, et al. Complications associated with the use of the esophageal-tracheal Combitube. Can J Anaesth. 1998;45:76-80.
    • (1998) Can J Anaesth , vol.45 , pp. 76-80
    • Vezina, D.1    Lessard, M.R.2    Bussieres, J.3
  • 170
    • 0024404298 scopus 로고
    • The importance of transtracheal jet ventilation in the management of the difficult airway
    • Benumof JL, Scheller MS. The importance of transtracheal jet ventilation in the management of the difficult airway. Anesthesiology. 1989;71:769-778.
    • (1989) Anesthesiology , vol.71 , pp. 769-778
    • Benumof, J.L.1    Scheller, M.S.2
  • 171
    • 0030903311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergency cricothyroidotomy
    • Issaccs JH, Pederson AD. Emergency cricothyroidotomy. Am Surg. 1997;63:346-349.
    • (1997) Am Surg , vol.63 , pp. 346-349
    • Issaccs, J.H.1    Pederson, A.D.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.