Mechanics of the mammalian cochlea

Physiological Reviews

Volumn 81, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 1305-1352

  Robles, Luis ^a,b   Ruggero, Mario A ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CHILE   (Chile)

^b NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACOUSTIC NERVE FIBER; AUDITORY OSSICLE; BASILAR MEMBRANE; COCHLEA; CORTI ORGAN; HAIR CELL; NERVE EXCITABILITY; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; STAPES; STEREOCILIUM; STIMULUS RESPONSE; VIBRATION;

EID: 0034963407     PISSN: 00319333     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/physrev.2001.81.3.1305     Document Type: Review

References (427)

1. Effects of stimulus frequency on two-tone suppression: A comparison of physiological and psychophysical results
2. Two-tone suppression in auditory-nerve fibers: Extension of a stimulus-response relationship
3. Two-dimensional cochlear fluid model: New results
4. Cochlear micromechanics - A physical model of transduction
5. A second cochlear-frequency map that correlates distortion product and neural tuning measurements
6. Micromechanical models of the cochlea
7. Temporal position of discharges in single auditory nerve fibers within the cycle of a sine-wave stimulus: Frequency and intensity effects
8. Variation of membrane properties in hair cells isolated from the turtle cochlea
9. Properties of "two-tone inhibition" in primary auditory neurons
10. A fast motile response in guinea-pig outer hair cells: The cellular basis of the cochlear amplifier
11. Voltage dependence of adaptation and active bundle movement in bullfrog saccular hair cells
12. Hair-bundle stiffness dominates the elastic reactance to otolithic-membrane shear
13. Rapid, active hair bundle movements in hair cells from the bullfrog's sacculus
14. Quantum limits to oscillator stability: Theory and experiments on acoustic emissions from the human ear
15. The critical layer for internal gravity waves in a shear flow
16. Analyses of Mössbauer mechanical measurements indicate that the cochlea is mechanically active
17. Tuned hair cells for hearing, but tuned basilar membrane for overload protection: Evidence from dolphins, bats, and desert rodents
18. A second filter in the cochlea
19. Intracellular recordings from cochlear inner hair cells: Effects of stimulation of the crossed olivocochlear efferents
20. Evoked mechanical responses of isolated cochlear outer hair cells
21. Frequency-specific position shift in the guinea pig organ of Corti
22. The tuned displacement response of the hearing organ is generated by the outer hair cells
23. Sound induced displacement response of the guinea pig hearing organ and its relation to the cochlear potentials
24. Comments and replies to "Cellular motility in the guinea pig cochlea"
25. Responses of fibers in the cat's auditory nerve to the cubic difference tone
26. Suppression in auditory-nerve fibers of cat using low-side suppressors. I. Temporal aspects
27. Suppression in auditory-nerve fibers of cat using low-side suppressors. II. Effect of spontaneous rates
28. Suppression in auditory-nerve fibers of cat using low-side suppressors. III. Model results
29. Two-tone suppression in inner hair cell responses
30. Comparison of low-side and high-side two-tone suppression in inner hair cell and organ of Corti responses
31. Low-frequency modulation of inner hair cell and organ of Corti responses in the guinea pig cochlea
32. The level dependence of response phase: Observations from cochlear hair cells
33. 2+ to mechanoelectrical-transduction channels
34. Single auditory neuron response during acute acoustic trauma
35. Acoustic lesions in the mammalian cochlea: Implications for the spatial distribution of the active process
36. Acoustic trauma: Single neuron basis for the "half-octave shift"
37. Low-frequency responses of inner hair cells. Evidence for a mechanical origin of peak splitting
38. Acoustically induced hearing loss. Intracellular studies in the guinea pig cochlea
39. Fiber optic lever displacement transducer
40. Two-tone suppression in cochlear mechanics
41. Mid-band sensitivity notches in apical cochlear mechanics
42. Harmonic distortion on the basilar membrane in the basal turn of the guinea-pig cochlea
43. An improved heterodyne laser interferometer for use in studies of cochlear mechanics
44. Vibration of beads placed on the basilar membrane in the basal turn of the cochlea
45. Radial variation in the vibrations of the cochlear partition
46. Basilar membrane mechanics in the hook region of cat and guinea-pig cochleae: Sharp tuning and nonlinearity in the absence of baseline position shifts
47. Basilar membrane tonotopicity in the hook region of the cat cochlea
48. Nonlinear mechanics at the apex of the guinea-pig cochlea
49. Fast travelling waves, slow travelling waves and their interactions in experimental studies of apical cochlear mechanics
50. Two-tone suppression in apical cochlear mechanics
51. Mechanical responses to two-tone distortion products in the apical and basal turns of the mammalian cochlea
52. Nonlinear input-output functions derived from the responses of guinea-pig cochlear nerve fibres: Variations with characteristic frequency
53. Effects of excitatory and non-excitatory suppressor tones on two-tone rate suppression in auditory nerve fibers
54. Activation and adaptation of transducer currents in turtle hair cells
55. An electrical tuning mechanism in turtle cochlear hair cells
56. The mechanical properties of ciliary hair bundles of turtle cochlear hair cells
57. Low-frequency auditory characteristics: Species dependence
58. Comments on "Measurements of sound pressure in the cochlea of anesthetized cats"
59. Response characteristics of mammalian cochlear hair cells
60. Neurobiology of cochlear inner and outer hair cells: Intracellular recordings
61. The active cochlea
62. The role of outer hair cell motility in cochlear tuning
63. High-frequency motility of outer hair cells and the cochlear amplifier
64. High-frequency outer hair cell motility: Corrections and addendum
65. Nature of the motor element in electrokinetic shape changes of cochlear outer hair cells
66. Properties of auditory nerve responses in absence of outer hair cells
67. Two-tone suppression and intermodulation distortion in the cochlea: Effects of outer hair cell lesions
68. Outer hair cell stiffness and motility: Unified models
69. Acetylcholine, outer hair cell electromotility, and the cochlear amplifier
70. Experimental look at cochlear mechanics
71. Intracochlear sound pressure measurements in guinea pigs
72. An active process in cochlear mechanics
73. Temporary deafness following exposure to loud tones and noise
74. Short-wave world revisited: Resonance in a two-dimensional cochlear model
75. Nonlinear interactions and the "Kemp echo"
76. No sharpening? A challenge for cochlear mechanics
77. On active and passive cochlear models: Toward a generalized analysis
78. Auditory physics. Physical principles in hearing theory III
79. Mechanics of the cochlea: Modeling efforts
80. Cochlear models and minimum phase
81. On cochlear cross-correlation functions: Connecting nonlinearity and "activity"
82. The mechanical waveform of the basilar membrane. 1. Frequency modulations ("glides") in impulse responses and cross-correlation functions
83. The mechanical waveform of the basilar membrane. III. Intensity effects
84. Two-tone rate suppression in auditory-nerve fibers: Dependence on suppressor frequency and level
85. Changes in the phase of excitor-tone responses in cat auditory-nerve fibers by suppressor tones and fatigue
86. Forward and reverse transduction at the limit of sensitivity studied by correlating electrical and mechanical fluctuations in frog saccular hair cells
87. Mechanical properties of sensory hair bundles are reflected in their Brownian motion measured with a laser differential interferometer
88. Cochlear power flux as an indicator of mechanical activity
89. Are active elements necessary in the basilar membrane impedance?
90. Frequency-dependent enhancement of basilar membrane velocity during olivocochlear bundle stimulation
91. Adaptation in hair cells
92. Adaptation of mechanoelectrical transduction in hair cells of the bullfrog's sacculus
93. Structure of the mammalian cochlea
94. Wiener and Volterra analyses applied to the auditory system
95. A frequency-position map for the chinchilla cochlea
96. Model for nonlinear characteristics of cochlear potentials
97. The frequency response and other properties of single fibres in the guinea-pig cochlear nerve
98. The effects of intracochlear and systemic furosemide on the properties of single cochlear nerve fibres in the cat
99. Cochlear tuning properties: Concurrent basilar membrane and single nerve fiber measurements
100. Animal models of tinnitus
101. Nonlinear phenomena as observed in the ear canal and at the auditory nerve
102. Comparative psychoacoustics
103. Auditory activity in centrifugal and centripetal cochlear fibres in the cat
104. Methods for integrating fluorimetry in the study of hearing organ structure and function
105. Supporting cells contribute to control of hearing sensitivity
106. Limiting dynamics of high-frequency electromechanical transduction of outer hair cells
107. Intracochlear and extracochlear sound pressure measurements in the temporal bone preparation of the guinea pig
108. Electrical tuning in hair cells isolated from the chick cochlea
109. Suppression of auditory activity by stimulation of efferent fibres of the cochlea
110. A model of the effect of outer hair cell motility on cochlear vibrations
111. A cochlear model using feedback from motile outer hair cells
112. A realizable cochlear model using feedback from motile outer hair cells
113. Two-tone suppression of basilar membrane vibrations in the base of the guinea pig cochlea using "lowside" suppressors
114. The phases of basilar-membrane vibrations
115. Responses of primary auditory fibers to combined noise and tonal stimuli
116. Saturation of outer hair cell receptor currents causes 2-tone suppression
117. 2)
118. Hearing. II. The physical basis of the action of the cochlea
119. Auditory nonlinearity
120. Relations among compression, suppression, and combination tones in mechanical responses of the basilar membrane: Data and MBPNL model
121. A theoretical treatment of latency, group delay and tuning. Characteristics for auditory nerve responses to clicks and tones
122. 2
123. Empirical travel time functions on the basilar membrane
124. Critical bandwidth and the frequency coordinates of the basilar membrane
125. A cochlear frequency-position function for several species: 29 Years later
126. Comparing octaves, frequency ranges, and cochlear-map curvature across species
127. Medial efferent inhibition produces the largest equivalent attenuations at moderate to high sound levels in cat auditory-nerve fibers
128. Cellular motility measured in the guinea-pig cochlea
129. Resonant tectorial membrane motion in the inner ear: Its crucial role in frequency tuning
130. Group delay measurement from spiral ganglion cells in the basal turn of the guinea pig cochlea
131. Direct measurement of basilar membrane stiffness in the guinea pig
132. Reissner's membrane vibrations in the apical turn of a living guinea pig cochlea
133. Action potential suppression tuning curves and thresh olds. Comparison with single fiber data
134. Drug ototoxicity
135. Somatic stiffness of cochlear outer hair cell is voltage-dependent
136. Characteristics of the travelling wave in the low-frequency region of a temporal-bone preparation of the guinea-pig cochlea
137. Three-dimensional motion of the organ of Corti
138. Basilar membrane motion in relation to two-tone suppression
139. Frequency and time domain comparison of low-frequency auditory fiber responses in two anuran amphibians
140. Neurophysiological evidence for a traveling wave in the amphibian inner ear
141. A cytoskeletal spring in cochlear outer hair cells
142. Physiological properties of the electrically stimulated auditory nerve. II. Single fiber recordings
143. Mechanical relaxation of the hair bundle mediates adaptation in mechanoelectrical transduction by the bullfrog's saccular hair cell
144. Compliance of the hair bundle associated with gating of mechanoelectrical transduction channels in the bullfrog's saccular hair cell
145. Mechanoelectrical transduction by hair cells
146. A traveling-wave amplifier model of the cochlea
147. Alternating current delivered into the scala media alters sound pressure at the eardrum
148. Analysis and synthesis of cochlear mechanical function using models
149. The cellular basis of hearing: The biophysics of hair cells
150. Mechanical amplification of stimuli by hair cells
151. Sensitivity, polarity, and conductance change in the response of vertebrate hair cells to controlled mechanical stimuli
152. Stereocilia mediate transduction in vertebrate hair cells
153. Cellular vibration and motility in the organ of Corti
154. Calcium ions promote rapid mechanically evoked movements of hair bundles
155. Mechanoelectrical transduction assisted by Brownian motion: A role for noise in the auditory system
156. The effect of quinine on outer hair cell shape, compliance and force
157. An animal model of tinnitus: A decade of development
158. Two-tone suppression in auditory nerve of the cat: Rate-intensity and temporal analysis
159. Basilar membrane vibration examined with the Mossbauer technique
160. Basilar membrane measurements and the travelling wave
161. Basilar membrane tuning curves in the guinea pig
162. Cochlear action potential threshold and single unit thresholds
163. Electrokinetic shape changes of cochlear outer hair cells
164. A membrane-based force generation mechanism in auditory sensory cells
165. Self-suppression in a locally active nonlinear model of the cochlea: A quasilinear approach
166. Frequency dependence of acoustic distortion products in a locally active model of the cochlea
167. Electrically evoked micromechanical movements from the apical turn of the gerbil cochlea
168. The effects of quinine on the cochlear mechanics in the isolated temporal bone preparation
169. Quinine causes isolated outer hair cells to change length
170. Stimulated acoustic emissions from within the human auditory system
171. Evidence of mechanical nonlinearity and frequency selective wave amplification in the cochlea
172. Mechanical analysis in the cochlea at the cellular level
173. Nonlinearity in the apical turn of living guinea pig cochlea
174. Reticular lamina vibrations in the apical turn of a living guinea pig cochlea
175. Basilar membrane tuning in the cat cochlea
176. Vibration of reflective beads placed on the basilar membrane
177. Curious oddments of auditory-nerve studies
178. Physiological considerations in artificial stimulation of the inner ear
179. Tails of tuning curves of auditory-nerve fibers
180. Active and nonlinear cochlear biomechanics and the role of outer hair cell subsystem in the mammalian auditory system
181. Cochlear mechanics: Measurements and models
182. A population study of cochlear nerve fibers: Comparison of spatial distributions of average-rate and phase-locking measures of responses to single tones
183. Cochlear mechanics: Nonlinear behavior in two-tone responses as reflected in cochlear-nerve-fiber responses and in ear-canal sound pressure
184. An active cochlear model with negative damping in the partition: Comparison with Rhode's ante- and postmortem observations
185. Laser Doppler velocimeter based on the self-mixing effect in a fibre-coupled semiconductor laser: Theory
186. A study of basilar membrane vibrations. II. The vibratory amplitude and phase pattern along the basilar membrane (postmortem)
187. Sharp mechanical tuning in a cochlear model without negative damping
188. Comparing in vitro, in situ, and in vivo experimental data in a three-dimensional model of mammalian cochlear mechanics
189. Realistic basilar membrane tuning does not require active processes
190. Realistic mechanical tuning in a micromechanical cochlear model
191. Implications of causality, time-translation invariance, linearity, and minimum-phase behavior for basilar membrane response functions
192. A non-linear feedback model for outer-hair-cell stereocilia and its implications for the response of the auditory periphery
193. Otoacoustic emissions as an indicator of active cochlear mechanics: A primitive property of vertebrate auditory organs
194. Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in the bobtail lizard. 1. General characteristics
195. Basilar membrane resonance in the cochlea of the mustached bat
196. Transducer currents and bundle movements in outer hair cells of neonatal mice
197. Mechano-electrical transducer currents in hair cells of the cultured neonatal mouse cochlea
198. Frequency-dependent self-induced bias of the basilar membrane and its potential for controlling sensitivity and tuning in the mammalian cochlea
199. Functional role of the olivo-cochlear bundle. A motor unit control system in the mammalian cochlea
200. Nonlinear mechanical behaviour of the basilar membrane in the basal turn of the guinea pig cochlea
201. Auditory-nerve response from cats raised in a low-noise chamber
202. The cochlear frequency map for the cat: Labeling auditory-nerve fibers of known characteristic frequency
203. Acute ultrastructural changes in acoustic trauma. Serial-section reconstruction of stereocilia and cuticular plates
204. Acoustic trauma in cats. Cochlear pathology and auditory-nerve activity
205. Energy flow in the cochlea
206. Auditory-nerve-fiber responses to high-level clicks: Interference patterns indicate that excitation is due to the combination of multiple drives
207. Neural correlates of auditory fatigue: Frequency-dependent changes in activity of single cochlear nerve fibers
208. Descriptive model of the receptor potential nonlinearities generated by the hair cell mechanoelectrical transducer
209. 2 distortion components generated by the hair cell mechanoelectrical transducer: Dependence on the amplitudes of the primaries and feedback gain
210. Input impedance of the cochlea in cat
211. Reverse middle-ear transfer function in the guinea pig measured with cubic difference tones
212. Intracochlear acoustic pressure measurements: Transfer functions of the middle ear and cochlear mechanics
213. Reverse transduction measured in the isolated cochlea by laser Michelson interferometry
214. Biophysics of the cochlea: Linear approximation
215. Do non-mammals have a cochlear amplifier?
216. Middle-ear function in the guinea pig
217. Modeling the active process of the cochlea: Phase relations, amplification, and spontaneous oscillation
218. Active hair-bundle movements can amplify a hair cell's response to oscillatory mechanical stimuli
219. The evolution of hum hearing
220. 2)
221. Structural implications of basilar membrane compliance measurements
222. Psychoacoustic consequences of compression in the peripheral auditory system
223. Sound-induced displacement responses in the plane of the organ of Corti in the isolated guinea-pig cochlea
224. Changes in endolymphatic potential and crossed olivocochlear bundle stimulation alter cochlear mechanics
225. Multiple modes of inner hair cell stimulation
226. Rapid force production in the cochlea
227. Electromechanical processes in the cochlea
228. Salicylate ototoxicity: The effects of basilar membrane displacement, cochlear microphonics, and neural responses in the basal turn of the guinea pig cochlea
229. The effect of efferent stimulation on basilar membrane displacement in the basal turn of the guinea pig cochlea
230. The role of calcium on the effects of intracochlear acetylcholine perfusion on basilar membrane displacement in the basal turn of the guinea pig cochlea
231. The cochlear place-frequency map of the adult and developing mongolian gerbil
232. Shapes of rate-versus-level functions of primary auditory nerve fibres: Test of the basilar membrane mechanical hypothesis
233. Measurements of the stiffness map challenge, a basic tenet of cochlear theories
234. Basilar-membrane mechanics at the hook region of the chinchilla cochlea
235. Frequency tuning of basilar membrane and auditory nerve fibers in the same cochleae
236. Measurements of sound pressure in the cochlea of anesthetized cats
237. Sound pressures in the basal turn of the cat cochlea
238. Finite difference solution of a two-dimensional mathematical model of the cochlea
239. An active cochlear model showing sharp tuning and high sensitivity
240. A model for active elements in cochlear biomechanics
241. Timing of cochlear feedback: Spatial and temporal representation of a tone across the basilar membrane
242. Biophysics of the cochlea. 2. Stationary nonlinear phenomenology
243. Influence of direct current on dc receptor potentials from cochlear inner hair cells in the guinea pig
244. Inner hair cell responses to the velocity of basilar membrane motion in the guinea pig
245. 2 intermodulation distortion product
246. Basilar membrane velocity responses to acoustic and intracochlear electric stimuli
247. 1) in inner hair cell and basilar membrane responses
248. Two-tone suppression of inner hair cell and basilar membrane responses in the guinea pig
249. Two-tone suppression of inner hair cell and basilar membrane responses in the guinea pig: Reply
250. Steady-state sinusoidal velocity responses of the basilar membrane in guinea pig
251. Measurements of basilar membrane tuning and distortion with laser velocimetry
252. Laser Doppler velocimetry of basilar membrane vibration
253. The radial pattern of basilar membrane motion evoked by electric stimulation of the cochlea
254. Basilar membrane velocity noise
255. Basilar membrane motion and position changes induced by direct current stimulation
256. Electromotile hearing: Evidence from basilar membrane motion and otoacoustic emissions
257. Observing middle and inner ear mechanics with novel intracochlear pressure sensors
258. Direct measurement of intra-cochlear pressure waves
259. Mapping the cochlear partition's stiffness to its cellular architecture
260. Laser-feedback measurements of turtle basilar membrane motion using direct reflection
261. Cochlear micromechanics and macromechanics
262. The alteration of the vibration of the basilar membrane produced by loud sound
263. Tuning in the mammalian cochlea
264. The modulation of the sensitivity of the mammalian cochlea by low frequency tones. II. Inner hair cell receptor potentials
265. The modulation of the sensitivity of the mammalian cochlea by low frequency tones: Its origin and possible mechanism
266. The modulation of the sensitivity of the mammalian cochlea by low frequency tones. I. Primary afferent activity
267. The modulation of the sensitivity of the mammalian cochlea by low frequency tones. III. Basilar membrane motion
268. The low-frequency response of inner hair cells in the guinea pig cochlea. Implications for fluid coupling and resonance of the stereocilia
269. Outer hair receptor currents and sensorineural hearing loss
270. A dynamical theory of the cochlea
271. Cochlear nerve fiber discharge patterns: Relationship to the cochlear microphonic
272. Mechanoelectrical transduction by hair cells
273. An electrical resonance in hair cells of the amphibian papilla of the frog Rana temporaria
274. Elevation of auditory thresholds by spontaneous cochlear oscillations
275. A review of otoacoustic emissions
276. Apical hair cells and hearing
277. Salicylate, mefenamate, meclofenamate, and quinine on cochlear potentials
278. The olivary peduncle and other fiber connections of the superior olivary complex
279. Wiener-kernel analysis of basilar-membrane responses to white noise
280. Basilar-membrane responses to clicks at the base of the chinchilla cochlea
281. High frequency radial movements of the reticular lamina induced by outer hair cell motility
282. Active radial and transverse motile responses of outer hair hells in the organ of Corti
283. Observations of the vibration of the basilar membrane in squirrel monkeys using the Mössbauer technique
284. An investigation of postmortem cochlear mechanics using the Mössbauer effect
285. Some observations on two-tone interaction measured with the Mössbauer effect
286. Some observation on cochlear mechanics
287. Cochlear partition vibration: Recent views
288. Two-tone suppression and distortion production on the basilar membrane in the hook region of cat and guinea pig cochleae
289. Nonlinear mechanics in the apical turn of the chinchilla cochlea in vivo
290. Study of mechanical motions in the basal region of the chinchilla cochlea
291. Evidence from Mössbauer experiments for nonlinear vibration in the cochlea
292. Aminoglycoside antibiotics and lectins cause irreversible increases in the stiffness of cochlear hair-cell stereocilia
293. Basilar membrane vibration in the gerbil hemicochlea
294. Correspondence between sharp tuning and two-tone inhibition in primary auditory neurones
295. Primary auditory neurons: Nonlinear responses altered without sharp tuning
296. Transient response of the basilar membrane measured in squirrel monkey using the Mössbauer effect
297. Basilar membrane mechanics at the base of the chinchilla cochlea. I. Input-output functions, tuning curves, and response phases
298. Mössbauer measurements of the mechanical response to single-tone and two-tone stimuli at the base of the chinchilla cochlea
299. Nonlinear interactions in the mechanical response of the cochlea to two-tone stimuli
300. Two-tone distortion products in the basilar membrane of the chinchilla cochlea
301. Two-tone distortion in the basilar membrane of the cochlea
302. Two-tone distortion on the basilar membrane of the chinchilla cochlea
303. Systematic errors in indirect estimates of basilar membrane travel times
304. Physiology and coding of sound in the auditory nerve
305. Cochlear delays and traveling waves: Comments on "Experimental look at cochlear mechanics"
306. Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in a dog
307. Mechanical bases of frequency tuning and neural excitation at the base of the cochlea: Comparison of basilar-membrane vibrations and auditory-nerve fiber responses in chinchilla
308. Chinchilla auditory-nerve responses to low-frequency tones
309. Timing of spike initiation in cochlear afferents: Dependence on site of innervation
310. Systemic injection of furosemide alters the mechanical response to sound of the basilar membrane
311. Application of a commercially-manufactured Doppler-shift laser velocimeter to the measurement of basilar-membrane vibration
312. Furosemide alters organ of Corti mechanics: Evidence for feedback of outer hair cells upon the basilar membrane
313. Basilar membrane responses to clicks
314. Alteration of basilar membrane responses to sound by acoustic overstimulation
315. The effect of intense acoustic stimulation on basilar-membrane vibrations
316. Basilar-membrane responses to tones at the base of the chinchilla cochlea
317. The effects of acoustic trauma, other cochlear injury and death on basilar membrane responses to sound
318. Middle-ear response in the chinchilla and its relationship to mechanics at the base of the cochlea
319. Auditory nerve responses to low-frequency tones: Intensity dependence
320. Basilar membrane mechanic at the base of the chinchilla cochlea. II. Responses to low-frequency tones and relationship to microphonics and spike initiation in the VIII nerve
321. Cochlear microphonics and the initiation of spikes in the auditory nerve: Correlation of single unit data with neural and receptor potentials recorded from the round window
322. Two-tone suppression in the basilar membrane of the cochlea: Mechanical basis of auditory-nerve rate suppression
323. The responses of inner and outer hair cells in the basal turn of the guinea pig cochlea and in the mouse cochlea grown in vitro
324. Modulation of hair cell voltage responses to tones by low-frequency biasing of the basilar membrane in the guinea pig cochlea
325. Sensory transduction and frequency selectivity in the basal turn of the guinea-pig cochlea
326. Nonlinear mechanical responses of mouse cochlear hair bundles
327. Medial efferent inhibition suppresses basilar membrane responses to near characteristic frequency tones of moderate to high intensities
328. The location of the cochlear amplifier: Spatial representation of a single tone on the guinea pig basilar membrane
329. The responses of cochlear hair cells to tonic displacements of the sensory hair bundle
330. Salicylate ototoxicity: Effects on the stiffness and electromotility of outer hair cells isolated from the guinea pig cochlea
331. Low frequency characteristics of intracellularly recorded receptor potentials in mammalian hair cells
332. Rate versus level functions for auditory-nerve fibers in cats: Tone-burst stimuli
333. Responses of auditory-nerve fibers to characteristic-frequency tones and low-frequency suppressors
334. Two-tone inhibition in auditory-nerve fibers
335. Response patterns of auditory nerve fibers during temporary threshold shift
336. Single auditory nerve fiber and action potential latencies in normal and noise
337. On the frequency limit and phase of outer hair cell motility: Effects of the membrane filter
338. Harmonics of outer hair cell motility
339. Intercellular communication in the supporting cells of the organ of Corti
340. Whole cell currents and mechanical responses of isolated outer hair cells
341. The structural and functional consequences of acoustic injury in the cochlea and peripheral auditory system: A 5 year update
342. Boundaries of two-tone rate suppression of cochlear nerve activity
343. Acoustic injury and the physiology of bearing
344. Effects of hair cell lesions on responses of cochlear nerve fibers. II. Single-and two-tone intensity functions in relation to tuning curves
345. Measurement of basilar membrane motion in the guinea pig using the Mössbauer technique
346. Modulation of responses of spiral ganglion cells in the guinea pig cochlea by low frequency sound
347. Comparison between the tuning properties of inner hair cells and basilar membrane motion
348. Two-tone suppression in cochlear hair cells
349. The responses of inner hair cells to basilar membrane velocity during low frequency auditory stimulation in the guinea pig cochlea
350. The influence of Mössbauer source size and position on phase and amplitude measurements of the guinea pig basilar membrane
351. The effects of furosemide on the endocochlear potential and auditory-nerve fiber tuning curves in cats
352. Evoked otoacoustic emissions arise by two fundamentally different mechanisms: A taxonomy for mammalian OAEs
353. Efferent neural control of cochlear mechanics? Olivocochlear bundle stimulation affects cochlear biomechanical nonlinearity
354. 2
355. Structure of the mammalian cochlea
356. Combination tones and their origin
357. Correlates of combination tones observed in the response of neurons in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus of the cat
358. Auditory nerve rate-level functions for two-tone stimuli. Possible relation to basilar-membrane nonlinearity
359. A novel cholinergic "slow effect" of efferent stimulation on cochlear potentials in the guinea pig
360. The evolution of hearing in the mammals
361. Cochlear model including three-dimensional fluid and four modes of partition flexibility
362. Are spontaneous otoacoustic emissions generated by self-sustained cochlear oscillators?
363. Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in the barn owl
364. Effects of electrical current applied to cochlear partition on discharges in individual auditory-nerve fibers. II. Interaction of electrical polarization and acoustic stimulation
365. Low-frequency suppression of auditory nerve responses to characteristic frequency tones
366. Tables of phases associated with a semi-infinite unit slope of attenuation
367. Displacement pattern of the basilar membrane: A comparison of experimental data
368. Mechanical responses of the mammalian cochlea
369. In vitro studies of cochlear excitation
370. Effects of opening and resealing the cochlea on the mechanical response in the isolated temporal bone preparation
371. Mechanical response characteristics of the hearing organ in the low-frequency regions of the cochlea
372. Shearing motion in the hearing organ measured by confocal laser heterodyne interferometry
373. Changes in the mechanical tuning characteristics of the hearing organ following acoustic overstimulation
374. Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in the European edible frog (Rana esculenta): Spectral details and temperature dependence
375. Single-fibre responses to clicks in relationship to the compound action potential in the guinea pig
376. Mechanical properties of basilar membrane
377. Über die mechanische frequenzanalyse in der Schnecke verschiedener Tiere
378. The variation of phase along the basilar membrane with sinusoidal vibration
379. Current status of theories of hearing
380. Efferent innervation of the organ of Corti: Two separate systems
381. Bidirectional transduction in vertebrate hair cells. A mechanism for coupling mechanical and electrical processes
382. A note on recent developments in auditory theory
383. Variations in the effects of electric stimulation of the crossed olivocochlear bundle on cat single auditory-nerve-fiber responses to tone bursts
384. Heterodyne interferometer for submicroscopic vibration measurements in the inner ear
385. Evidence for a cochlear origin for acoustic re-emissions, threshold fine structure and tonal tinnitus
386. Cochlear mechanics
387. Some observations on the "passive" mechanics of the cat basilar membrane
388. Basilar membrane correlates of the combination tone 2f 1-f 2
389. Basilar membrane and middle-ear vibration in guinea pig measured by capacitive probe
390. Spontaneous otoacoustic emission generators behave like coupled oscillators
391. Direct measurement of electrically-evoked basilar membrane motion
392. Acoustic enhancement of electrically-evoked otoacoustic emissions reflects basilar membrane tuning: Experiment results
393. Electrically evoked basilar membrane motion
394. Electrically-evoked otoacoustic emissions: Direct comparisons with basilar membrane motion
395. The basilar membrane nonlinear input-output function
396. Mechanical preprocessing in the mammalian cochlea
397. Cochlear electrically evoked emissions modulated by mechanical transduction channels
398. Basilar membrane nonlinearity determines auditory nerve rate-intensity functions and cochlear dynamic range
399. Prestin is the motor protein of cochlear outer hair cells
400. Evidence for active, nonlinear, negative feedback in the vibration response of the apical region of the in vivo guinea-pig cochlea
401. Narrow-band acoustic signals emitted by chinchilla ears after noise exposure
402. Basilar membrane motion
403. Finding the impedance of the organ of Corti
404. Different behaviour of quadratic and cubic difference tones
405. 2)-cancellation tone on frequency range, frequency difference, level of primaries and subject
406. Der ungewohnliche amplitudengang der nichtlinearen verzerrungen des ohres
407. A model describing nonlinearities in hearing by active processes with saturation at 40 dB
408. A hardware cochlear nonlinear preprocessing model with active feedback
409. 2)-difference tones in a nonlinear cochlear preprocessing model with active feedback
410. Theorie der schneckenmechanik: Qualitative und quantitative analyse
411. Analysis of some auditory characteristics
412. Analysis of cochlear mechanics
413. Tectorial membrane: A possible effect on frequency analysis in the cochlea
414. What basilar membrane tuning says about cochlear micromechanics