Advances in New Zealand mammalogy 1990–2000: Pinnipeds

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand

Volumn 31, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 135-160

  Harcourt, R G ^a  

^a MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PINNIPED;

EID: 0034914789     PISSN: 03036758     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2001.9517644     Document Type: Article

References (162)

1. Anon 1990: Conservation update. Forest and Bird 21: 5.
2. Ambom, T.; Fedak, M. A.; Rothery, P. 1994: Offspring sex ratio in relation to female size in southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina. Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology 35: 373-378.
3. Ambom, T.; Fedak, M. A.; Boyd, I. L.; McConnell, B. J. 1993: Variation in weaning mass of pups in relation to maternal mass, postweaning fast duration, and weaned pup behaviour in southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) at South Georgia. Canadian Journal of Zoology 71: 1772-1781.
4. Amould, J. P. Y.; Littnan, C.; Lento, G. in press: First record of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri) breeding in Bass Strait. Australian Mammalogy.
5. Baird, S.J.; Bradford, E. 2000: Factors that may have influenced the capture of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri) in the west coast South Island hoki fishery, 1991-98. NIWA Technical Report NTR92 35 p.
6. Baldi, R.; Campagna, C; Pedraza, S.; Le Boeuf, B. J. 1996: Social effects of space availability of southern elephant seals in Patagonia. Animal Behaviour 51: 717-724.
7. Bartsh, S. S.; Johnston, S. D.; Siniff, D. B. 1992: Territorial behaviour and breeding frequency of male Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) in relation to age, size, and concentrations of serum testosterone and cortisol. Canadian Journal of Zoology 70: 680-692.
8. Bell, C.; Burton, H. R.; Hindell, M. A. 1997: Growth of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, during their first foraging trip. Australian Journal of Zoology 45: 447-458.
9. Bengston, J. L.; Stewart, B. S. 1992: Diving and haulout behavior of crabeater seals in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica, during March 1986. Polar Biology 12: 635-644.
10. Bengston, J. L.; Stewart, B. S. 1997: Diving patterns of a Ross seal (Ommatophoca rossii) near the eastern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. Polar Biology 18: 214-218.
11. Best, H. 1974: A preliminary report on the natural history and behavior of Hooker's sea lion at Enderby Island, Auckland islands, New Zealand December 1972 to March 1973. New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Technical Report 132.
12. Best, H. 1994: Demography of New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) on West Coast, South Island, New Zealand. Australian Mammal Society, Marine Mammal Symposium July 3-7 1994, Hobart, Tasmania.
13. Bester, M. N.; Erickson, A. W.; Ferguson, J. W. H. 1995: Seasonal distribution and change in the distribution and density of seals in the pack ice off Princess Martha Coast, Antarctica. Antarctic Science 7: 357-364.
14. Bester, M. N.; Pansegrouw, H. M. 1992: Ranging behaviour of southern elephant seal cows from Marion Island. South African Journal of Science 88: 574-575.
15. Blix, A. S.; Nordoy, E. S. 1998: Ross seal diving behaviour and distribution: a reassessment. New Zealand Natural Sciences 23: 14.
16. Boveng, P. L.; Hiruki, L. M.; Schwartz, M. K.; Bengston, J. L. 1998: Population growth of Antarctic fur seals: limitation by a top predator, the leopard seal. Ecology 79: 2863-2877.
17. Boyd, I. L. 1992: Environmental and physiological factors controlling the reproductive cycles of pinnipeds. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69: 1135-1148.
18. Boyd, I.; Ambom, T.; Fedak, M. 1993: Water flux, body composition, and metabolic rate during molt in female southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina). Physiological Zoology 66: 43-60.
19. Boyd, I. L.; Walker, T. R.; Poncet, J. 1996: Status of southern elephant seals at South Georgia. Antarctic Science 8: 237-244.
20. Bradshaw, C. J. A. 1999: Population dynamics and colonisation modelling of New Zealand fur seals. Unpublished PhD thesis, Dunedin, University of Otago.
21. Bradshaw, C. J. A.; Lalas, C.; McConkey, S. 1998: New Zealand sea lion predation on New Zealand fur seals. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 32: 101-104.
22. Bradshaw, C. J. A.; Lalas, C.; Thompson, C. M. 2000: Clustering of colonies in an expanding population of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri). Journal of Zoology 250: 105-112.
23. Bradshaw, C. J. A.; Thompson, C. M.; Davis, L. S.; Lalas, C. 1999: Pup density related to terrestrial habitat use by New Zealand fur seals. Canadian Journal of Zoology 77: 1579-1586.
24. Bums J. M.; Castellini M. A.; Testa J. W. 1999: Movements and diving behavior of weaned Weddell seal (Leplonychotes weddellii) pups. Polar Biology 21. 23-26.
25. Bums J. M.; Testa J. W. 1997: Developmental changes and diurnal and seasonal influences on the diving behaviour of Weddell seal (Leplonychotes weddellii) pups, hi: Battaglia, B.; Valencia, J.; Walton, D. W. H. ed. Antarctic communities: species, structure and survival. Pp. 328-334.
26. Bums J. M.; Trumble S. J.; Castellini M. A.; Testa J W. 1998: The diet of Weddell seals in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica as determined from scat collections and stable isotope analysis. Polar Biology 19: 272-282
27. Burton, H. 1986: A substantial decline in numbers of the southern elephant seal at Heard Island. Tasmanian Naturalist 86: 4-8.
28. Campagna, C.; Lewis, M. 1992: Growth and distribution of a southern elephant seal colony. Marine Mamma! Science 8: 387-396.
29. Campagna, C.; Lewis, M.; Baldi, R. 1993: Breeding biology of southern elephant seals in Patagonia. Marine MammaI Science 9: 34-47.
30. Carey, P. W. 1991: Resource-defense polygyny and male territory quality in the New Zealand fur seal. Ethology 88: 63-79.
31. Carey, P. 1992: Fish prey species of the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri, Lesson). New Zealand Journal of Ecology 16: 41-46.
32. Carey, P. 1998: New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri) at the Snares Islands: a stabilised population? New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 32: 113-118.
33. Castellini, M. A.; Davis, R. W.; Kooyman, G. L. 1992: Annual cycles of diving behavior and ecology of the Weddell seal. Bulletin of the Scripps Institute of Oceanography 28: 1-54.
34. Cawthom, M. W. 1993: Census and population estimation of Hooker’s sea lion at the Auckland Islands, December 1992-February 1993. Department of Conservation Technical Series 2. 34 p.
35. Cawthom, M. W.; Crawley, M. C.; Mattlin, R. H.; Wilson, G. J. 1985: Research on pinnipeds in New Zealand. Wildlife Research Liaison Group review 7. Wellington, Wildlife Research Liason Group.
36. Childerhouse, S.; Gales, N. 1998: Historical and modem distribution and abundance of the New Zealand sea lion, Phocarctos hookeri. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 25: 1-16.
37. Chilvers, B. L.; Wilson, K-J.; Hickling, G. J. 1995: Suckling behaviours and growth rates of New Zealand fur seals, Arctocephalus forsteri, at Cape Foulwind, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 22: 263-270.
38. Cobley, N. D.; Bell, G. 1998: Weddell seal (Leplonychotes weddellii) feeding on Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua). Marine MammaI Science 14: 881-883.
39. Costa, D. P.; Gales, N. J. in press: Foraging energetics and diving behavior of lactating New Zealand sea lions, Phocarctos hookeri. Journal of Experimental Biology.
40. Costa, D. P.; Gales, N.J.; Crocker, D. E. 1998: Blood volume and diving ability of the New Zealand sea lions, Phocarctos hookeri. Physiological Zoology 71: 208-213.
41. Crawley, M. C.; Cameron, D. B. 1972: New Zealand sea lions, Phocarctos hookeri, on the Snares Islands. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 6: 127-132.
42. Davis, R. W.; Fuiman, L. A.; Williams, T. M.; Collier S. O.; Hagey, W. P.; Kanatous, S. B.; Kohin, S.; Horning, M. 1999: Hunting behavior of a marine mammal beneath the Antarctic fast ice. Science 28: 993-996.
43. Dickson, K. 1996: The foraging ecology of female New Zealand Fur Seals (Arctocephalus forsteri) on the Otago Peninsula 1995. Unpublished MSc thesis, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
44. Dix, B. 1993a: A new record this century of a breeding colony in the North Island for the New Zealand fur seal Arctocephalus forsteri. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 23: 1-4.
45. Dix, B. 1993b: Population changes and diet preferences of the New Zealand fur seal Arctocephalus forsteri in eastern Cook Strait. Unpublished MSc thesis, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
46. th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals, Wailea, Maui, Hawaii Nov 28- Dec 3 1999.
47. th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals, Wailea, Maui, Hawaii Nov 28- Dec 3 1999.
48. Erickson, A. W.; Hanson, M. B. 1990: Continental estimates and population trends of Antarctic ice seals. In: Kerry, K. R., Hempel, G. ed. Antarctic ecosystem. Ecological change and conservation. Springer-Veriag, Berlin, Heidelberg.
49. th Biennial conference on the biology of Marine mammals, Nov 28- Dec 3, 1999. Wailea, Maui, Hawaii.
50. Falla, R. A. 1965: Birds and mammals of the subantarctic islands. Proceedings of the New Zealand Ecological Society 12: 63-68.
51. Fea, N.; Harcourt, R.; Lalas, C. 1999: Seasonal variation in the diet of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri) on Otago Peninsula, New Zealand. Wildlife Research 26: 147-160.
52. Fedak, M. A.; Ambom, T.; Boyd, I. L. 1996: The relationship between the size of elephant seal mothers, the growth of their pups, and the use of maternal energy, fat, and protein during lactation. Physiological Zoology 69: 887-911.
53. Gales, N. J. 1995: Hooker's sea lion (Pliocarctos hookeri) recovery plan. Department of Conservation Threatened Species Recovery Plan Series No. 17.
54. Gales, N. J. in press: Hooker's sea lion (Pliocarctos hookeri). Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals, Academic Press.
55. Gales, N. J.; Fletcher, D. J. 1999: Abundance, distribution and status of the New Zealand sea lion, Pliocarctos hookeri. Wildlife Research 26: 35-52.
56. Gales, N. J.; Haberley, B.; Collins, P. 2000: Changes in the abundance of New Zealand fur seals, Arctocephalus forsteri, in Western Australia. Wildlife Research 27: 165-168.
57. Gales, N. J.; Mattlin, R. H. 1997: Summer diving behaviour of lactating New Zealand sea lions, Pliocarctos hookeri. Canadian Journal of Zoology 75: 1695-1706.
58. Galimberti, F.; Boitani, L. 1999: Demography and breeding biology of a small, localized population of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina). Marine Mammal Science 15: 159-178.
59. Goldsworthy, S. D. 1992: Maternal care in three species of fur seal, Arctocephalus spp., at Macquarie Island. Unpublished PhD thesis, Monash University, Melbourne.
60. Goldsworthy, S. D.; Boness, D. J.; Fleischer, R. C. 1999: Mate choice among sympatric fur seals: female preference for conphenotypic males. Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology 45: 253-267.
61. Goldsworthy, S. D.; Shaughnessy, P. D. 1994: Breeding biology and haul-out pattern of the New Zealand fur seal, Arctocephalus forsteri, at Cape Gantheaume, South Australia, Wildife Research 21: 365-376.
62. Green, K.; Burton, H.R 1987: Seasonal and geographical variation in the food of Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddellii, in Antarctica. Australian Wildlife Research 14: 475-489.
63. Green, K.; Burton, H. R. 1993: Comparison of the stomach contents of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, at Macquarie and Heard Islands. Marine Mammal Science 9: 10-22.
64. Green, K.; Burton, H. R.; Wong, V.; McFarlane, R. A.; Flaherty, A. A.; Pahl, P. C.; Haigh, S. A. 1995: Difficulties in assessing population status in ice seals Australian Wildlife Research 22: 193-199.
65. Green, K.; Williams, R. 1986: Observations of food remains in faeces of elephant, leopard and crabeater seals. Polar Biology 6: 43-45.
66. Guinet, C. 1991: Intentional stranding apprenticeship and social play in killer whales (Orcinus orca) Canadian Journal of Zoology’ 69: 2717-2716.
67. Guinet, C.; Jouventin, P.; Weimerskirch, H. 1992: Population changes and movements of southern elephant seals on Crozet and Kerguelen Archipelagos in the last decades. Polar Biology 12: 349-356.
68. Harcourt, R. 1992: Maternal aggression in the South American fur seal. Canadian Journal of Zoology 70: 320-325.
69. Harcourt, R.; Davis, L. 1997: The use of satellite telemetry to determine fur seal foraging areas. In: Hindell, M. A.; Kemper, C. ed. Marine mammal research in the Southern Hemisphere. Vol. 1. Status, ecology and medicine. Chipping Norton, Surrey Beatty and Sons, Ltd. Pp. 137-142.
70. Harcourt, R. G.; Hindell, M. A.; Bell, D. G.; Waas, J. R. 2000b: Three dimensional dive profiles of free-ranging Weddell seals. Polar Biology 23: 479-486.
71. Harcourt, R. G.; Hindell, M. A.; Waas, J. R. 1998: Under-ice movements and territory use in free-ranging Weddell seals during the breeding season. New Zealand Natural Sciences 23: 72-73.
72. Harcourt, R.; Hindell, M. A.; Waas, J. R. 2000a: Aquatic territories and dive behaviour of free-ranging Weddell seals during the breeding season. Australian Society for the Study of Animal Behaviour, Macquarie University, Sydney 27-30 April 2000.
73. Harcourt, R.; Lalas, C. 1995: Status of the New Zealand fur seal in the Otago region 1994-95. Department of Conservation Otago Miscellaneous Series Report No. 27.
74. Harcourt, R. G.; Schulinan, A.; Davis, L. S.; Trillmich, F. 1995: Summer foraging by lactating New Zealand fur seals Arctocephalus forsteri off Otago Peninsula, New Zealand. Canadian Journal of Zoology 73: 678-690.
75. Hastings, K. K.; Testa, J. W. 1998: Maternal and birth colony effects on survival of Weddell seal offspring from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Journal of Animal Ecology 67: 722-740.
76. Hastings, K. K.; Testa, J. W.; Rexstad, E. A. 1999: Interannual variation in survival of juvenile Weddell seals (Leplonychotes weddellii) from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica: effects of cohort, sex and age. Journal of Zoology, (London) 248: 307-323.
77. Hill, S. E. B. 1987: Reproductive ecology of Weddell seals (Leptonvchotes weddellii) in McMurdo Sound Antarctica. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
78. H. Hindell 1991: Some life history parameters of a declining population of southern elephant seals. Journal of Animal Ecology 60: 119-134.
79. Hindell, M. A.; Burton, H. R. 1987: Past and present status of the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina Linn.) at Macquarie Island. Journal of Zoology (London) 213: 365-380.
80. Hindell, M. A.; Burton, H. R. 1988: Seasonal haul-out patterns of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina Linn) at Macquarie Island. Journal of Mammalogy 69: 81-98.
81. th Biennial conference on the biology of Marine mammals, Nov 28-Dec 3, 1999. Wailea, Maui, Hawaii.
82. Hindell, M. A.; Lea, M-A. 1998: Heart rate, swimming speed and estimated oxygen consumption of a free-ranging southern elephant seal. Physiological Zoo logy 71: 74-84.
83. Hindell, M. A.; Little, G. J. 1988: Longevity, fertility and philopatry of two southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) at Macquarie Island. Marine Mammal Science 4: 168-171.
84. Hindell, M. A.; McMahon, C. R. 2000: Long distance movement of a southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) from Macquarie Island to Peter 1 0y. Marine Mammal Science 16: 504-507.
85. Hindell, M. H.; Slip, D. J. 1997: The importance of being fat: maternal expenditure in the Southern Elephant seal Mirounga leonina. In: M. Hindell, M. A.; Kemper, C. ed. Marine mammal research in the Southern Hemisphere. Vol. I. Status, ecology and medicine. Chipping Norton, Surrey Beatty and Sons, Ltd. Pp. 72-77.
86. Hindell, M. A.; Slip, D. J.; Burton, H. R. 1991: The diving behaviour of adult male and female elephant seals, Mirounga leonina Pinnipedia: PhocidaeJ. Australian Journal of Zoology 39: 595-619.
87. Hindell, M. A.; Slip, D. J.; Burton, H. R. 1994: Possible causes of the decline of southern elephant seal populations in the southern Pacific and southern Indian Oceans. In: Le Boeuf, B. J.; Laws, R. M. ed. Elephant seals: population ecology, behavior and physiology. Berkeley, University of California Press. Pp. 66-85.
88. Hiruki, L. M.; Schwartz, M. K.; Boveng, P. L. 1999: Hunting and social behaviour of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonvx) at Seal Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Journal of Zoology (London) 249: 97-109.
89. Hoelzel, R. A.; LeBoeuf, B. J.; Reiter, J.; Campagna, C. 1999: Alpha-male paternity in elephant seals. Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology 46: 298-306.
90. Holborow, J. 2000: The diet of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri) in Southern New Zealand. Unpublished MSc thesis, Univerity of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
91. Johnstone, R. M.; Davis, L. S. 1987: Activity in a non-breeding colony of New Zealand fur seals, Arctocephalus forsteri. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 21: 153-155.
92. Jones, E. 1981: Age in relation to breeding status of the male southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina (L.), at Macquarie Island. Australian Wildlife Research 8: 327-334.
93. Lalas, C. 1997: Prey of Hooker's sea lion Phocarctos hookeri based at Otago Peninsula, New Zealand In: Hindell, M. A.; Kemper, C. ed. Marine mammal research in the Southern Hemisphere. Vol. 1. Status, ecology and medicine. Chipping Norton, Surrey Beatty and Sons, Ltd. Pp. 130-136.
94. Lalas, C.; Harcourt, R. 1995: Pup production of the New Zealand fur seal on Otago Peninsula, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 25: 81-88.
95. Lalas, C.; McKonkey, S. 1994: A survey method for estimating the population size of Hooker’s sea lion at Otago. Otago Conservancy, Department of Conservation, Miscellaneous Series No. 24.
96. Lalas, C.; Murphy, B. 1998: Increase in the abundance of New Zealand fur seals at the Catlins, South Island, New Zealand Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 28: 287-294.
97. Laws, R. M. 1994: History and present status of southern elephant seal populations. In: Le Boeuf, B. J.; Laws, R. M. ed. Elephant seals: population ecology, behavior and physiology. Berkeley, University of California Press Pp 49-65.
98. Lea, M-A.; Hindell, M. A. 1997: Pup growth and maternal care in New Zealand fur seals, Arctocephalus forsteri, at Maatsuyker Island, Tasmania. Wildlife Research 24: 307-318.
99. Lento, G. M.; Haddon, M.; Chambers, G. K.; Baker, C. S. 1997: Genetic variation of southern hemisphere fur seals (Arctocephalus spp.): investigation of population structure and species identity. Journal of Heredity 88: 202-208.
100. th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals, Wailea, Maui, Hawaii Nov 28- Dec 3 1999.
101. Lopez, J. C; Lopez, D. 1985: Killer whales (Orcinus orca) and their behavior of intentional stranding while hunting nearshore. Journal of Mammalogy 66: 181-183.
102. Maestripieri, D. 1992: Functional aspects of aggression in mammals. Canadian Journal of Zoology 70: 1069-1077.
103. Marlow, B. J. 1975: The comparative behaviour of the Australasian sea lions, Neophoca cinerea and Phocartcos hookeri (Pinnipedia: otariidae). Mammalia 39: 159-230.
104. Mattlin, R. H. 1978a: Population biology, thermoregulation and site preference of the New Zealand fur seal, Arctocephalus forsteri (Lesson 1828) on the Open Bay Islands, New Zealand. Unpublished PhD thesis, Canterbury University, Christchurch, New Zealand.
105. Mattlin, R. H. 1978b: Pup mortality of the New Zealand fur seal, Arctocephalus forsteri (Lesson). New Zealand Journal of Ecology I: 138-144.
106. Mattlin, R. H. 1981: Pup growth of the New Zealand fur seal, Arctocephalus forsteri on the Open Bay Islands, New Zealand. Journal of Zoology’, (London) 193: 305-314.
107. Mattlin, R. H.; Gales, N. J.; Costa, D. P. 1998: Seasonal dive behaviour of lactating New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri) Canadian Journal of Zoology’ 76: 350-360.
108. McConnell, B. J.; Fedak, M. A. 1996: Movements of southern elephant seals. Canadian Journal of Zoology 74: 1485-1496.
109. McMahon, C. R.; Burton, H. R.; Bester, M. N. 1999b: First-year survival of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, at sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island. Polar Biology’ 21: 279-284.
110. McMahon, C. R.; Holley, D.; Robinson, S. 1999a: The diet of itinerant male Hooker’s sea lions, Phocarctos hookeri, at sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island. Wildlife Research 26: 839-846.
111. Morrice, M. G.; Burton, H. R., Green, K. 1994: Microgeographic variation and songs in the underwater vocalisation repertoire of the Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) from the Vestfold Hills, Antarctica. Polar Biology 14: 441-446.
112. Muller-Schwarze, D. 1984: The behavior of penguins. State University of New York Press.
113. Nordoy, E. S.; Blix, A. S. 1998: Seasonal distribution, dive behaviour and temperatures at depth of crabeaters. New Zealand Natural Sciences 23: 137.
114. Notman, P. 1985: Blue penguin attacked by fur seal. Notornis 32: 260.
115. Pahl, B. C.; Terhune, J. M.; Burton, H. R. 1996: Proportional weekly use of underwater call types by Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddellii (Pinnipedia: Phocidae) during the breeding season at the Vestfold Hills. Australian Journal of Zoology 44: 75-79.
116. Penney, R. L.; Lowry, G. 1967: Leopard seal predation on Adelie Penguins. Ecology 48: 878-882.
117. Pistorius, P. A.; Bester, M. N.; Kirkman, S. P. 1999: Survivorship of a declining population of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, in relation to age, sex and cohort. Oecologia 121: 201-211.
118. Plotz, J.; Ekau, W.; Reijinders, P. J. H. 1991: Diet of Weddell seals Leptonychotes weddellii at Vestkapp, Eastern Weddell Sea, (Antarctica) in relation to local food supply. Marine Mammal Science 7: 136-144.
119. Rice, D. W. 1998: Marine mammals of the world: systematics and distribution. Special publication Number 4 of the Society for Marine Mammalogy, Lawrence Kansas.
120. Robinson, S.; Wynen, L.; Goldsworthy, S. 1999: Predation by a Hooker’s seal lion (Phocarctos hookeri) on a small population of fur seals (Arctocephalus spp) at Macquarie Island. Marine Mammal Science 15: 888-893.
121. Rodhouse, P. G.; Ambom, T. R.; Fedak, M. A.; Yeatman, J.; Murray, A. W. A. 1992: Cephalopod prey of the southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina L. Canadian Journal of Zoology 70: 1007-1015.
122. Rogers, T.; Bryden, M. M. 1995: Predation of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) by leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) in Prydz Bay, Antarctica. Canadian Journal of Zoology 73: 1001-1004.
123. Rogers, T.; Bryden, M. M. 1997: Density and haul-out behavior of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) in Prydz Bay, Antarctica. Marine Mammal Science 11: 293-302.
124. Rogers, T.; Cato, D. H.; Bryden; M. M. 1996: Behavioral significance of underwater vocalizations of captive leopard seals Hydrurga leptonyx. Marine Mammal Science 12: 414-427.
125. Ryan, C. J.; Hickling, G. J.; Wilson, K-J. 1997: Breeding habitat preferences of the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) on Banks Peninsula. Wildlife Research 24: 225-235.
126. Schreer J. F.; Hastings K. K.; Testa J W. 1996: Preweaning mortality of Weddell seal pups. Canadian Journal of Zoology 74: 1775-1778.
127. Schreer, J. F.; Testa, J. W. 1996: Classification of Weddell seal diving behavior. Marine Mammal Science ¡2: 227-250.
128. Schulman, A. M. 1996: Individual variation in maternal care and its effects on pup growth rate in the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) on the Otago Penisnula New Zealand. Unpublished MSc. thesis, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
129. Shaughnessy, P. D. 1970: Serum protein variation in southern fur seals Arctocephalus spp in relation to their taxonomy. Australian Journal of Zoology 18: 331-343.
130. Shaughnessy, P. D.; Gales, N. J.; Dennis, T. E.; Goldsworthy, S. D. 1994: Distribution and abundance of the New Zealand fur seal Arctocephalus forsteri in South Australia and Western Australia. Wildlife Research 21: 667-695.
131. Skinner, J. D.; Klages, N. T. W. 1994: On some aspects of the biology of the Ross seal Ommatophoca rossii from King Haakon VII Sea, Antarctica. Polar Biolog’ 14: 467-472.
132. Slade, R. 1997: Genetic studies of the southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina. In: Hindell, M. A.; Kemper, C. ed. Marine mammal research in the Southern Hemisphere. Vol. 1. Status, ecology and medicine. Chipping Norton, Surrey Beatty and Sons, Ltd. Pp. 11-29.
133. Slip, D. 1997: Diving and foraging behaviour of juvenile Southern elephant seals from Heard Island. In: Hindell, M. A.; Kemper, C. ed. Marine mammal research in the Southern Hemisphere. Vol. 1. Status, ecology and medicine. Chipping Norton, Surrey Beatty and Sons, Ltd. Pp. 114-124.
134. Slip, D. J.; Hindell, M. A.; Burton, H. R. 1994: Diving behavior of southern elephant seals from Macquarie Island: an overview. In: Le Boeuf, B. J.; Laws, R. M. ed. Elephant seals: population ecology, behavior and physiology. Berkeley, University of California Press. Pp. 253-270.
135. Smith, I. W. G. 1989: Maori impact on the marine megafauna: pre-European distributions of New Zealand sea mammals. In: Sutton, D. G. ed. Saying so doesn’t make it so. Papers in Honour of B. Foss Leach. New Zealand Archaeological Association Monograph 17. Pp. 76-108.
136. Smith, M. S. R. 1966: Studies of the Weddell seal in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
137. Street, R. J. 1964: Feeding habits of the New Zealand fur seal. New Zealand Marine Department Fisheries Technical Report 9. Wellington, New Zealand.
138. Tate, M. L. 1981: The autumn-winter diet of the New Zealand fur seal Arctocephalus forsteri Jheon with special reference to its cephalopod prey. Unpublished Diploma of Wildlife Management thesis, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
139. Taylor, R. H. 1982: New Zealand fur seals at the Bounty Islands. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 16: 1-9.
140. Taylor, R. H. 1990: Records of subantarctic fur seals in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 24: 499-502.
141. Taylor, R. H. 1992: New Zealand fur seals at the Antipodes Islands. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 22: 107-122.
142. Taylor, R.Taylor, G. A. 1989: Re-assessment of the status of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 23: 201-213.
143. Taylor, R. H.; Barton, K. J.; Wilson, P. R.; Thomas, B. W.; Karl, B. J. 1995: Population status and breeding of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri) in the Nelson-northern Marlborough region. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 29: 223-234.
144. Tedman, R.; Green, B. 1987: Water and sodium fluxes and lactational energetics in suckling pups of Weddell seals (Leplonychotes weddellii) Journal of Zoology (London) 2: 29-42.
145. Terhune, J. M.; Burton, H.; Green, K. 1993: Classification of diverse call types using cluster analysis techniques. Bioacoustics 4: 245-258.
146. Testa, J. W. 1987: Juvenile survival and recruitment in a population of Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Canadian Journal of Zoology 65: 2993-2997.
147. Testa, J. W. 1994: Over-winter movements and diving behavior of female Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) in the south-western Ross Sea, Antarctica. Canadian Journal of Zoology 72: 1700-1710.
148. Testa, J. W. 1997: A comment on the age at onset of breeding of male Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii). Canadian Journal of Zoolog'. 75: 156-157.
149. Testa, J. W.; Hill, S. E. B.; Siniff, D. B. 1989: Diving behavior and maternal investment in Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii). Marine Mamma! Science 5: 399-405.
150. Testa, J. W.; Scotton, B. F. 1999: Dynamics of an isolated population of Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) at White Island, Antarctica. Journal of Mammalogy 80: 82-90.
151. Testa, J. W.; Siniff, D. B. 1987: Population dynamics of Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) in McMurdo Sound Antarctica. Ecological Monographs 57: 149-165.
152. Testa, J. W.; Siniff, D. B.; Croxall, J. P.; Burton, H. R. 1990: A comparison of reproductive parameters among three populations of Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii). Journal of Animal Ecology 59: 1165-1175.
153. Todd, F. S. 1988: Weddell seals preys on Chinstrap penguin. Condor 90: 249-250
154. Troy, S. K.; Mattlin, R.; Shaughnessy, P. D.; Davie, P. S. 1999: Morphology, age and survival of adult male New Zealand fur seals, Arctocephalus forsteri, in South Australia. Wildlife Research 26: 2134.
155. Turner, E.; Harcourt, R. 2000: Effects of visitor approach on Weddell seal behaviour. Australian Society for the Study of Animal Behaviour, Macquarie University, Sydney 27-30 April 2000.
156. Walker, T. R.; Boyd, I. L.; McCafferty, D. J.; Huin, N.; Taylor, R.I.; Reid, K. 1998: Seasonal occurrence and diet of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) at Bird Island, South Georgia. Antarctic Science 10: 75-81.
157. Wickens, P.; York, A.E. 1997: Comparative population dynamics of fur seals. Marine Mammal Science 13: 241-292.
158. Wilkinson, I. S. 1991: Factors affecting reproductive success of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, at Marion island. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
159. Wilkinson, I. S.; Bester, M. N. 1990: Duration of post-weaning fast and local dispersion in the southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina, at Marion Island. Journal ofZoologv (London) 222: 591-600.
160. Wilkinson, I. S.; Childerhouse, S. J.; Duignan, P. J.; Gulland, F. M. D. 2000: Infanticide and cannibalism in the New Zealand sea lion Phocarctos hookeri. Marine Mammal Science 16: 494-499.
161. Woodley, T. H.; Lavigne, D. M. 1993: Potential effects of incidental mortalities on the Hooker’s sea lion (Phocarctos hookeri) population. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 3: 139-148
162. Worthy, T. H. 1994: Holocene breeding of sea lions (Phocarctos hookeri) at Delaware Bay, Nelson, South Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Natural Sciences 21: 61-70.