Seasonal variation of gravity wave activity at 5-20 km observed with VHF radar at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 106, Issue D15, 2001, Pages 17171-17183

  Hansen, Anthony R ^a   Nastrom, Gregory D ^a   Eaton, Frank D ^b  

^a ST CLOUD STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b AIR FORCE RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GRAVITY WAVE; KINETIC ENERGY; RADAR; SEASONAL VARIATION; WIND PROFILE;

NEW MEXICO; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0034823450     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2001JD900137     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Allen, S. J., and R. A. Vincent, Gravity wave activity in the lower atmosphere: Seasonal and latitudinal variations, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 1327-1350, 1995.
2. Bacmeister, J. T., S. D. Eckermann, P. A. Newman, L. Lait, K. R. Chan, M. Loewenstein, M. H. Proffitt, and B. L. Gary, Stratospheric horizontal wavenumber spectra of winds, potential temperature, and atmospheric tracers observed by high-altitude aircraft, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 9441-9470, 1996.
3. Baer, F., and J. J. Tribbia, Spectral fidelity of gappy data, Tellus, 18, 215-227, 1976.
4. Balsley, B. B., and R. Garello, The kinetic energy density in the troposphere, stratosphere and mesosphere: A preliminary study using the Poker Flat MST radar in Alaska, Radio Sci., 20, 1355-1361, 1985.
5. Cho, J. Y. N., Y. Zhu, R. E. Newell, B. E. Anderson, J. D. Barrick, G. L. Gregory, G. W. Sachse, M. A. Carroll, and G. M. Albercook, Horizontal wavenumber spectra of winds, temperature, and trace gases during the Pacific Exploratory Missions, 1, Climatology, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 5697-5716, 1999.
6. Dewan, E. M., R. H. Picard, R. R. O'Neil, H. A. Gardiner, J. Gibson, J. D. Mill, E. Richards, M. Kendar, and W. O. Gallery, MSX satellite observations of thunderstorm-generated gravity waves in mid-wave infrared images of the upper stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 939-942, 1998.
7. Douglas, M. W., R. A. Maddox, K. Howard, and S. Reyes, The Mexican monsoon, J. Clim., 6, 1665-1677, 1993.
8. Eckermann, S. D., Effect of background winds on vertical wavenumber spectra of atmospheric gravity waves, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 14,097-14,112, 1995.
9. Fritts, D. C., and G. D. Nastrom, Sources of mesoscale variability of gravity waves, II, Frontal, convective, and jet stream excitation, J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 111-127, 1992.
10. Fritts, D. C., and T. E. VanZandt, Effects of Doppler shifting on the frequency spectra of atmospheric gravity waves, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 9723-9732, 1987.
11. Fukao, S., T. Sato, T. Tsuda, S. Kato, M. Inaba, and I. Kimura, VHF Doppler radar determination of momentum flux in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere: Comparison between the three-and four-beam methods, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 5, 57-69, 1988.
12. Gao, X., and J. W. Meriwether, Mesoscale spectral analysis of in situ horizontal and vertical wind measurements at 6 km, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 6397-6404, 1998.
13. Hamilton, K., Comprehensive meteorological modelling of the middle atmosphere: A tutorial review, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 58, 1591-1627, 1996.
14. Koshyk, J. N., K. Hamilton, and J. D. Mahlman, Simulation of the k-5/3 mesoscale spectral regime in the GFDL SKYHI general circulation model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 843-846, 1999.
15. Kudecki, E., and S. J. Franke, Statistics of momentum flux estimation, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 60, 1549-1553, 1998.
16. Lilly, D. K., and E. L. Petersen, Aircraft measurements of atmospheric kinetic energy spectra, Tellus, Ser. A, 35, 379-382, 1983.
17. Lindborg, E., Can the atmospheric kinetic energy spectrum be explained by two-dimensional turbulence, J. Fluid Mech., 388, 259-288, 1999.
18. Lindzen, R. S., Turbulence and stress due to gravity wave and tidal breakdown, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 9707-9714, 1981.
19. Matsuno, T., A quasi-one-dimensional model of the middle atmospheric circulation interacting with internal gravity waves, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 60, 215-226, 1982.
20. McLandress, C., On the importance of gravity waves in the middle atmosphere and their parameterization in general circulation models, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 60, 1357-1383, 1998.
21. Murayama, Y., T. Tsuda, and S. Fukao, Seasonal variation of gravity wave activity in the lower atmosphere observed with the MU radar, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 23,057-23,069, 1994.
22. Nastrom, G. D., and F. D. Eaton, The coupling of gravity waves and turbulence at White Sands, New Mexico, from VHF radar observations, J. Appl. Meteorol., 32, 81-87, 1993a.
23. Nastrom, G. D., and F. D. Eaton, Onset of the summer monsoon over White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, as seen by VHF radar, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 23,235-23,243, 1993b.
24. Nastrom, G. D., and F. D. Eaton, Turbulence eddy dissipation rates from radar observations at 5-20 km at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 19,495-19,505, 1997.
25. Nastrom, G. D., and D. C. Fritts, Sources of mesoscale variability of gravity waves, I, Topographic excitation, J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 111-127, 1992.
26. Nastrom, G. D., D. C. Fritts, and K. S. Gage, An investigation of terrain effects on the mesoscale spectrum of atmospheric motions, J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 3087-3096, 1987.
27. Nastrom, G. D., W. L. Clark, T. E. VanZandt, and J. M. Warnock, Seasonal and diurnal changes in wind variability from Flatland VHF profiler observations, Contrib. Atmos. Phys., 69, 5-12, 1996.
28. Nastrom, G. D., T. E. VanZandt, and J. M. Warnock, Vertical wave-number spectra of wind and temperature from high-resolution balloon soundings over Illinois, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 6685-6701, 1997.
29. Ogino, S.-Y., M. D. Yamanaka, and S. Fukao, Interannual and day-to-day variations of gravity wave activity in the lower stratosphere over eastern part of Japan observed in winter during 1989-95, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 77, 413-429, 1999.
30. Sato, K., Vertical wind disturbances in the troposphere and lower stratosphere observed by the MU radar, J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2803-2817, 1990.
31. Sato, K., T. Kumakura, and M. Takahashi, Gravity waves appearing in a high-resolution GCM simulation, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 1005-1018, 1999.
32. Tsuda, T., T. E. VanZandt, M. Mizumoto, S. Kato, and S. Fukao, Spectral analysis of temperature and Brunt-Väisälä frequency fluctuations observed by radiosondes, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 17,265-17,278, 1991.
33. Tsuda, T., Y. Murayama, H. Wiryosumarto, S. W. B. Harijono, and S. Kato, Radiosonde observations of equatorial atmosphere dynamics over Indonesia, 2, Characteristics of gravity waves, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 10,507-10,516, 1994.
34. Tsuda, T., M. Nishida, C. Rocken, and R. H. Ware, A global morphology of gravity wave activity in the stratosphere revealed by the GPS occultation data (GPS/MET), J. Geophys. Res., 105, 7257-7273, 2000.
35. Van Zandt, T. E., A model for gravity wave spectra observed by Doppler sounding systems, Radio Sci., 20, 1323-1330, 1985.
36. Vincent, D., and I. M. Reid, HF Doppler measurements of mesospheric gravity wave momentum fluxes, J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1321-1333, 1983.
37. Whiteway, J. A., Enhanced and inhibited gravity wave spectra, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 1344-1352, 1999.