Turbulence eddy dissipation rates from radar observations at 5-20 km at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 102, Issue 16, 1997, Pages 19495-19505

  Nastrom, G D ^a   Eaton, F D ^b,c  

^a ST CLOUD STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b U S ARMY RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^c AIR FORCE RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001299293     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/97jd01262     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Atlas, D., Advances in radar meteorology, in Advances in Geophysics, edited by H. Landsberg and J. van Mieghem, pp. 317-468, Academic, San Diego, Calif., 1964.
2. Barat, J., and F. Bertin, Simultaneous measurements of temperature and velocity fluctuations within clear air turbulence layers: Analysis of the estimate of dissipation rate by remote sensing, J Atmos. Sci., 41, 1613-1618, 1984.
3. Cohn, S. A., Radar measurements of turbulent eddy dissipation rate in the troposphere: A comparison of techniques, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 12, 85-95, 1995.
4. Durbeck, T., and T. Gerz, Large-eddy simulation of aircraft exhaust plumes in the free atmosphere: Effective diffusivities and cross-sections, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 3203-3206, 1995.
5. Frisch, A. S., and S. F. Clifford, A study of convection capped by a stable layer using Doppler radar and acoustic echo sounders, J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 1622-1628, 1974.
6. Fukao, S., M. D. Yamanaka, N. Ao, W. K. Hocking, T. Sato, M. Yamamoto, T. Nakamura, T. Tsuda, and S. Kato, Seasonal variability of vertical eddy diffusivity in the middle atmosphere, I, Three-year observations by the middle and upper atmosphere radar, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 18,973-18,987, 1994.
7. Gage, K. S., Radar observations of the free atmosphere: Structure and dynamics. Radar in Meteorology, edited by David Atlas, pp. 534-565, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, Mass., 1990.
8. Gage, K. S., and B. B. Balsley, Doppler radar probing of the clear atmosphere, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 59, 1074-1093, 1978.
9. Gossard, E. E., Radar research on the atmospheric boundary layer, Radar in Meteorology, edited by David Atlas, pp. 477-527, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, Mass., 1990.
10. Gossard, E. E., and R. G. Strauch, Radar Observations of Clear Air and Clouds, 280 pp., Elsevier, New York, 1983.
11. 2 and turbulence dissipation rate compared with radiosonde data during October 1989 at Denver, Rep. NOAA-TRERL 442-WPL 63, 115 pp., Natl. Oceanic Atmos. Admin., Silver Spring, Md., 1990. (Available as PB-911 255 00 from Natl. Tech. Inf. Serv., Springfield, Va.)
12. Hines, J. R., S. A. McLaughlin, F. D. Eaton, and W. H. Hatch, The US Army Atmospheric Profiler Research Facility: Introduction and capabilities, in Preprints, 8th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation, pp. 237-242, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Anaheim, Calif., 1993.
13. Hocking, W. K., Measurement of turbulent eddy dissipation rates in the middle atmosphere by radar techniques: A review, Radio Sci., 20, 1403-1422, 1985.
14. Hocking, W. K., An assessment of the capabilities and limitations of radars in measurements of upper atmosphere turbulence, Adv. Space Res., 17(11), 37-47, 1996.
15. Jain, A. R., Y. Java Rao, P. B. Rao, V. K. Anandan, S. H. Damle, P. Balamuralidhar, A. Kulakarni, and G. Viswanathan, Indian MST radar, 2, First scientific results in ST mode, Radio Sci., 30, 1139-1158, 1995.
16. Kurosaki, S., M. D. Yamanaka, H. Hashiguchi, T. Sato, and S. Fukao, Vertical eddy diffusivity in the lower and middle atmosphere: A climatology based on the MU radar observations during 1986-1992, J. Atmos. Ten: Phys., 58, 727-734, 1996.
17. Labitt, M., Coordinated radar and aircraft observations of turbulence, Rep. FAA-RD-81-44, 44 pp., Syst. Res. and Dev. Serv., Fed. Aviat. Admin., Washington, D. C., 1981.
18. Lilly, D. K., D. E. Waco, and S. I. Adelfang, Stratospheric mixing estimates from high-altitude turbulence measurements, J. Appl. Meteorol., 13, 488-493, 1974.
19. Massie, S. T., and D. M. Hunten, Stratospheric eddy diffusion coefficients from tracer data, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 9859-9868, 1981.
20. Murphy, D. J., W. K. Hocking, and D. C. Fritts, An assessment of the effect of gravity waves on the width of radar Doppler spectra, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 56, 17-29, 1994.
21. Nastrom, G. D., Doppler spectral width broadening effects due to beamwidth and wind shear, Ann. Geophys., in press, 1997.
22. Nastrom, G. D., and F. D. Eavon, The coupling of gravity waves and turbulence at White Sands, New Mexico, from VHF radar observations, J. Appl. Meteorol., 32, 81-87, 1993a.
23. Nastrom, G. D., and F. D. Eaton, The onset of the summer monsoon over White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, as seen hy VHF radar, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 23,235-23,243, 1993b.
24. Nastrom, G. D., and F. D. Eaton, Variations of winds and turbulence seen by the 50 MHz radar at White Sands Missile Range, NM, J. Appl. Meteorol., 34, 2135-2148, 1995.
25. Rottger, J., and M. F. Larsen, UHF/VHF radar techniques for atmospheric research and wind profiler applications, in Radar in Meteorology, edited by David Atlas, pp. 5235-281, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, Mass., 1990.
26. Sato, T., and R. F. Woodman, Fine altitude resolution observations of stratospheric turbulent layers by the Arecibo 430 MHz radar, J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 2546-2552, 1982.
27. Sato, T., H. Matsumoto, S. Fukao, and S. Kato, Tropaspheric turbulence parameters measured by using the MU radar, Handbook MAP, vol. 20, pp. 99-102, Sci. Comm. on Sol. Terr. Phys. Secr., Univ. of Ill., Urbana, 1986.
28. Sloss, P. W., and D. Atlas, Wind shear and reflectivity gradient effects on Doppler radar spectra, J. Atmos. Sci., 25, 1080-1089, 1968.
29. Tsuda, T., T. E. VanZandt, and H. Saito, Zenith-angle dependence of VHF specular reflection echoes in the lower atmosphere, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 39, 761-765, 1996.
30. Weinstock, J., Energy dissipation rates of turbulence in the stable free atmosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 880-883, 1981.