Horizontal wavenumber spectra of winds, temperature, and trace gases during the Pacific Exploratory Missions: 1. Climatology

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 104, Issue D5, 1999, Pages 5697-5716

  Cho, John Y N ^a   Zhu, Yong ^a   Newell, Reginald E ^a   Anderson, Bruce E ^b   Barrick, John D ^b   Gregory, Gerald L ^b   Sachse, Glen W ^b   Carroll, Mary Anne ^c   Albercook, George M ^c  

^a MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^b NASA LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATOLOGY; MARINE ATMOSPHERE; TEMPERATURE; TRACE GAS; TROPOSPHERE; WIND;

PACIFIC OCEAN;

EID: 0033586195     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/98JD01825     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Anderson, B. E., G. L. Gregory, J. E. Collins Jr., G. W. Sachse, T. J. Conway, and G. P. Whiting, Airborne observations of the spatial and temporal variability of tropospheric carbon dioxide, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1985-1997, 1996.
2. Bacmeister, J. T., S. D. Eckermann, P. A. Newman, L. Lait, K. R. Chan, M. Loewenstein, M. H. Proffitt, and B. L. Gary, Stratospheric horizontal wavenumber spectra of winds, potential temperature, and atmospheric tracers observed by high-altitude aircraft, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 9441-9470, 1996.
3. Bolgiano, R., Structure of turbulence in stratified media, J. Geophys. Res., 67, 3015-3023, 1962.
4. x emissions by subsonic aircraft: A three-dimensional model study, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1423-1428, 1996.
5. Clough, P. N., and B. A. Thrush, Mechanism of chemiluminescent reaction between nitric oxide and ozone, Trans. Faraday Soc., 63, 915-925, 1967.
6. Collins, J. E., G. W. Sachse, B. E. Anderson, R. C. Harriss, K. B. Bartlett, S. T. Sandholm, L. O. Wade, L. G. Burney, and G. F. Hill, Airborne nitrous oxide observations over the western Pacific Ocean: September-October 1991, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1975-1984, 1996.
7. Dewan, E., Saturated-cascade similitude theory of gravity wave spectra, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 29,799-29,817, 1997.
8. Dewan, E. M., Stratospheric wave spectra resembling turbulence, Science, 204, 832-835, 1979.
9. Dewan, E. M., Similitude modeling of internal gravity wave spectra, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 1473-1476, 1991.
10. Dewan, E. M., The saturated-cascade model for atmospheric gravity wave spectra, and the wavelength-period (W-P) relations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 817-820, 1994.
11. Edouard, S., B. Legras, F. Lefevre, and R. Eymard, The effect of small-scale inhomogeneities on ozone depletion in the Arctic, Nature, 384, 444-447, 1996.
12. -5/3 law inertial range in mesoscale two-dimensional turbulence, J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 1950-1954, 1979.
13. Gage, K. S., and G. D. Nastrom, Spectrum of atmospheric vertical displacements and spectrum of conservative scalar passive additives due to quasi-horizontal atmospheric motions, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 13,211-13,216, 1986.
14. Gardner, C. S., Diffusive filtering theory of gravity wave spectra in the atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 20,601-20,622, 1994.
15. Gardner, C. S., and N. F. Gardner, Measurement distortion in aircraft, space shuttle, and balloon observations of atmospheric density and temperature perturbation spectra, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 1023-1033, 1993.
16. Gardner, C. S., C. A. Hostetler, and S. J. Franke, Gravity wave models for the horizontal wave number spectra of atmospheric velocity and density fluctuations, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 1035-1049, 1993.
17. Gibson, C. H., Kolmogorov similarity hypotheses for scalar fields: Sampling intermittent turbulent mixing in the ocean and galaxy, in Turbulence and Stochastic Processes: Kolmogorov's Ideas 50 Years On, edited by J. C. Hunt, O. M. Phillips, and D. Williams, pp. 149-164, Royal Society of London, London, 1991.
18. Hoell, J. M., D. D. Davis, S. C. Liu, R. E. Newell, M. Shipham, H. Akimoto, R. J. McNeal, R. J. Bendura, and J. W. Drewry, Pacific Exploratory Mission West-A (PEM West-A): September-October 1991, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1641-1653, 1996.
19. Hoell, J. M., D. D. Davis, S. C. Liu, R. E. Newell, H. Akimoto, R. J. McNeal, and R. J. Bendura, The Pacific Exploratory Mission-West, Phase B: February-March 1994, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 28,223-28,239, 1997.
20. Hoell, J. M., D. D. Davis, D. J. Jacob, M. O. Rodgers, R. E. Newell, H. E. Fuelberg, R. J. McNeal, J. L. Raper, and R. J. Bendura, Pacific Exploratory Mission in the tropical Pacific: PEM-Tropics A, August-September 1996, J. Geophys. Res., this issue.
21. Kaimal, J. C., J. C. Wyngaard, Y. Izumi, and O. R. Coté, Spectral characteristics of surface-layer turbulence, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 98, 563-589, 1972.
22. Kao, S.-K., and L. L. Wendell, The kinetic energy of the large-scale atmospheric motion in wavenumber-frequency space, I, Northern hemisphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 27, 359-375, 1970.
23. Kolmogorov, A. N., The local structure of turbulence in incompressible viscous fluids for very high Reynolds numbers, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 30, 301-305, 1941.
24. Lesieur, M., and J. Herring, Diffusion of a passive scalar in two-dimensional turbulence, J. Fluid Mech., 161, 77-95, 1985.
25. Lilly, D. K., Stratified turbulence and the mesoscale variability of the atmosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 749-761, 1983.
26. Lilly, D. K., and E. L. Petersen, Aircraft measurements of atmospheric kinetic energy spectra, Tellus, Ser. A, 35, 379-382, 1983.
27. Lindzen, R. S., The importance and nature of the water vapor budget in nature and models, in Climate Sensitivity to Radiative Perturbations: Physical Mechanisms and Their Validation, NATO ASI Series 1, 34, 51-66, 1996.
28. Lumley, J. L., The spectrum of nearly inertial turbulence in a stably stratified fluid, J. Atmos. Sci., 21, 99-102, 1964.
29. Mahalov, A., B. Nicolaenko, and Y. Zhou, Energy spectra of strongly stratified and rotating turbulence, Phys. Rev. E, 57, 6187-6190, 1998.
30. McNeal, R. J., J. P. Mugler Jr., R. C. Harriss, and J. M. Hoell Jr., NASA Global Tropospheric Experiment, Eos Trans. AGU, 64, 561-562, 1983.
31. Müller, J.-F., and G. Brasseur, IMAGES: A three-dimensional chemical transport model of the global troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 16,445-16,490, 1995.
32. Myrup, L. O., Atmospheric measurements of the buoyant subrange of turbulence, J. Atmos. Sci., 25, 1160-1164, 1968.
33. Nastrom, G. D., and K. S. Gage, A climatology of atmospheric wavenumber spectra of wind and temperature observed by commercial aircraft, J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 950-960, 1985.
34. Nastrom, G. D., W. H. Jasperson, and K. S. Gage, Horizontal spectra of atmospheric tracers measured during the Global Atmospheric Sampling Program, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 13,201-13,209, 1986.
35. Nastrom, G. D., D. C. Fritts, and K. S. Gage, An investigation of terrain effects on the mesoscale spectrum of atmospheric motions, J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 3087-3096, 1987.
36. Newell, R. E., et al., Atmospheric sampling of Supertyphoon Mireille with NASA DC-8 aircraft on September 27, 1991, during PEM-West A, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1853-1871, 1996a.
37. Newell, R. E., Z.-X. Wu, Y. Zhu, W. Hu, E. V. Browell, G. L. Gregory, G. W. Sachse, J. E. Collins Jr., K. K. Kelly, and S. C. Liu, Vertical fine-scale atmospheric structure measured from NASA DC-8 during PEM-West A, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1943-1960, 1996b.
38. Nicholls, S., and C. J. Readings, Spectral characteristics of surface layer turbulence over the sea, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 107, 591-614, 1981.
39. Ridley, B. A., F. E. Grahek, and H. G. Walega, A small, high-sensitivity, medium-response ozone detector suitable for measurements from light aircraft, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 9, 142-148, 1992.
40. Shur, G. H., Experimental studies of the energy spectrum of atmospheric turbulence, Proc. Central Aerolog. Obser. USSR, 43, 79-90, 1962.
41. Sparling, L. C., A. R. Douglass, and M. R. Schoeberl, An estimate of the effect of unresolved structure on modeled ozone loss from aircraft observations of ClO, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 305-308, 1998.
42. Stickney, T. M., M. W. Shedlov, and D. I. Thompson, Rosemount total temperature sensors, Tech. Rep. 5755, Rev. B, 28 pp., Rosemount Inc., Eden Prairie, Minn., 1990.
43. Stoller, P., et al., Measurements of atmospheric layers from the NASA DC-8 and P-3B aircraft during PEM-Tropics A, J. Geophys. Res., this issue.
44. 2O measurements 2. Tracer variability and diabatic meridional circulation, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 10,319-10,332, 1994.
45. Udelhofen, P. M., and D. L. Hartmann, Influence of tropical cloud systems on the relative humidity in the upper troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 7423-7440, 1995.
46. Weinstock, J., On the theory of turbulence in the buoyancy subrange of stably stratified flows, J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 634-649, 1978.
47. Wu, Z.-X., R. E. Newell, Y. Zhu, B. E. Anderson, E. V. Browell, G. L. Gregory, G. W. Sachse, and J. E. Collins Jr., Atmospheric layers measured from the NASA DC-8 during PEM-West B and comparison with PEM-West A, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 28,353-28,365, 1997.