A dust outbreak episode in sub-Sahel West Africa

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 106, Issue D19, 2001, Pages 22923-22930

  Pinker, R T ^a   Pandithurai, G ^a,b   Holben, B N ^c   Dubovik, O ^c,d   Aro, T O ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^b INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGY   (India)

^c NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

^d SCIENCE SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS INC   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN   (Nigeria)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DUST; OPTICAL PROPERTY; RADIATIVE FORCING; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS; TROPOSPHERE;

AFRICA; SUB-SAHEL;

EID: 0034766526     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2001JD900118     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Ackerman, P., and O. B. Toon, Absorption of visible radiation in atmosphere containing mixtures of absorbing and nonabsorbent particles, Appl. Opt., 20, 3661-3668, 1981.
2. Adedokun, J. A., W. O. Emofurieta, and O. A. Adedeji, Physical, mineralogical and chemical properties of Harmattan dust at Ile-Ife, Nigeria, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 40, 161-169, 1989.
3. Alpert, P., Y. J. Kaufman, Y. Shay-El, D. Tanre, A. da Silva, S. Schubert, and J. H. Joseph, Quantification of dust-forced heating of the lower troposphere, Nature, 395, 367-370, 1998.
4. Alpert, P., J. Herman, Y. J. Kaufman, and I. Carmona, Response of the climatic temperature to dust forcing, inferred from TOMS Aerosol Index and the NASA Assimilation Model, Atmos. Res., 53, 3-14, 2000.
5. Ben Mohamed, A., J. P. Frangi, J. Fontan, and A. Druilhet, Spatial and temporal variations of atmospheric turbidity and related parameters in Niger, J. Appl. Meteorol., 31, 1286-1294, 1992.
6. Bruegge, C. T., J. E. Conel, R. O. Green, J. S. Margolis, R. G. Holm, and G. Toon, Water vapor column abundance retrievals during FIFE, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 18,759-18,768, 1992.
7. Carlson, T. N., and J. M. Prospero, The large scale movement of Saharan air outbreaks over the northern equatorial Atlantic, J. Appl. Meteorol., 11, 283-297, 1972.
8. d'Almeida, G. A., A model for Saharan dust transport, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 24, 903-916, 1986.
9. d'Almeida, G. A., On the variability of desert aerosol radiative characteristics, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 3017-3026, 1987.
10. d'Almeida, G. A., P. Koepke, and E. P. Shettle, Atmospheric Aerosols, Global Climatology and Radiative Characteristics, 561 pp., A. Deepak, Hampton, Va., 1991.
11. Deschamps, P. Y., F. M. Breon, M. Leroy, A. Podaire, A. Bricaud, J. C. Buriez, and G. Seze, The POLDER mission: Instrument characteristics and scientific objectives, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 32, 598-615, 1994.
12. Dubovik, O., and M. D. King, A flexible inversion algorithm for retrieval of aerosol optical properties from Sun and sky radiance measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 20,673-20,696, 2000.
13. Dubovik, O., A. Smirnov, B. N. Holben, M. D. King, Y. J. Kaufman, T. F. Eck, and I. Slutsker, Accuracy assessment of aerosol optical properties retrieval from AERONET Sun and sky radiance measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 9791-9806, 2000.
14. Dubovik, O., B. N. Holben, T. F. Eck, A. Smirnov, Y. J. Kaufman, M. D. King, D. Tanré, and I. Slutsker, Variability of absorption and optical properties of key aerosol types observed in worldwide locations, J. Atmos. Sci., in press, 2001.
15. Durkee, P. A., D. R. Jensen, E. E. Hindman, and T. H. Vonder Haar, The relationship between marine aerosols and satellite detected radiance, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 4063-4072, 1986.
16. Eck, T. F., B. N. Holben, J. S. Reid, O. Dubovik, A. Smirnov, N. T. O'Neill, I. Slutsker, and S. Kinne, Wavelength dependence of the optical depth of biomass burning, urban, and desert dust aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 31,333-31,349, 1999.
17. Eos Transactions, The perfect haze: Scientists link 1999 U.S. pollution episode to midwest aerosol plumes and Kennedy plane crash, Eos Trans. AGU, 81, 13-14, 2000.
18. Faizon, C. A., A. Podaire, and G. Dedieu, Monitoring of Sahelian aerosol and atmospheric water vapor content characteristics from sun-photometer measurements, J. Appl. Meteorol., 33, 1291-1304, 1994.
19. Fraser, R. S., Satellite measurement of mass of Saharan dust in the atmosphere, Appl. Opt., 15, 2471-2479, 1976.
20. Griggs, M., Measurement of atmospheric aerosol optical thickness over water using ERTS-1 data, J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc., 25, 622-626, 1975.
21. Haywood, J. M., V. Ramaswamy, and B. J. Soden, Tropospheric aerosol climate forcing in clear-sky satellite observations over the oceans, Science, 283, 1299-1303, 1999.
22. Herman, J. R., and E. Celarier, Earth's surface reflectivity climatology at 340-380 nm from TOMS data, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 28,003-28,012, 1997.
23. Holben, B. N., et al., AERONET - A federated instrument network and data archive for aerosol characterization, Remote Sens. Environ., 66, 1-16, 1998.
24. International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 1995, Climate change, in The Science of Climate Change, edited by J. T. Houghton, L. G. M. Filho, B. A. Callandar, N. Harris, A. Katternberg, and K. Maskell, 572 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1996.
25. Junge, C. E., The size distribution and aging of natural aerosols as determined from electrical and optical data on the atmosphere, J. Meteorol., 12, 13-25, 1955.
26. Kalu, A. E., The African dust plume: Its characteristics and propagation across West Africa in winter, in Saharan Dust: Mobilization, Transport, Deposition, edited by C. Morales, pp. 95-118, John Wiley, New York, 1979.
27. Kaufman, Y. J., Satellite sensing of aerosol absorption, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 4307-4317, 1987.
28. Kaufman, Y. J., and R. S. Fraser, The effect of smoke particles on clouds and climate forcing, Science, 277, 1636-1639, 1997.
29. Karyampudi, V. M., and T. N. Carlson, Analysis and numerical simulations of the Saharan air layer and its impact on easterly wave disturbances, J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 3102-3136, 1988.
30. Karyampudi, V. M., et al., Validation of the Saharan dust plume conceptual model using lidar, Meteosat and ECMWF data, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 80, 1045-1075, 1999.
31. King, M. D., Y. J. Kaufman, W. P. Menzel, and D. Tanre, Remote sensing of cloud, aerosol, and water vapor properties from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS), IEEE, Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 30, 2-27, 1992.
32. Koepke, P., M. Hess, I. Schult, and E. P. Shettle, Global Aerosol Data Set (GADS), MPI Meteorol. Rep. 243, 44 pp., Max-Planck Inst., Hamburg, Germany, 1997.
33. Lindberg, J. D., and J. B. Gillespie, Relationships between particle size and imaginary refractive index in atmospheric dust, Appl. Opt., 16, 2628-2630, 1977.
34. Mishchenko, M. I., and L. D. Travis, Satellite retrieval of aerosol properties over the ocean using polarization as well as intensity of reflected sunlight, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 16,989-17,013, 1997.
35. Mishchenko, M. I., I. V. Geogdzhayev, B. Cairns, W. B. Rossow, and A. A. Lacis, Aerosol retrievals over the ocean by use of channels 1 and 2 AVHRR data: Sensitivity analysis and preliminary results, Appl. Opt., 38, 7325-7341, 1999.
36. Miskolczi, F., T. O. Aro, M. Iziomon, and R. T. Pinker, Surface radiative fluxes in Sub-Sahel Africa, J. Appl. Meteorol., 36, 521-530, 1997.
37. Moulin, C., F. Guillard, F. Dulac, and C. E. Lambert, Long-term daily monitoring of Saharan dust load over ocean using Meteosat ISCCP-B2 data, 1, Methodology and preliminary results for 1983-1994 in the Mediterranean, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 16,947-16,958, 1997.
38. Nakajima, T., and A. Higurashi, A use of two-channel radiances for an aerosol characterization from space, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3815-3818, 1998.
39. Nakajima, T., M. Tanaka, and T. Yamauchi, Retrieval of the optical properties of aerosols from aureole and extinction data, Appl. Opt., 22, 2951-2959, 1983.
40. Nicholson, S., Land surface processes and Sahel climate, Rev. Geophys, 38(1), 117-139, 2000.
41. Ohmura, A., et al., Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN/ WCRP): New precision radiometry for climate research, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 79(10), 2115-2136, 1998.
42. Pandithurai, G., P. C. S. Devara, P. E. Raj, and S. Sharma, Retrieval of aerosol size index from high-resolution spectroradiometer observations, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 26, 154-162, 1997.
43. Patterson, E. M., D. A. Gillette, and B. H. Stockton, Complex index of refraction between 300 and 700 nm for Saharan aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 3153-3160, 1977.
44. Pinker, R. T., G. Idemudia, and T. O. Aro, Characteristic aerosol optical depths during the Harmattan season in sub-Sahara Africa, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 1099-1103, 1994.
45. Prospero, J. M., Long-term measurements of the transport of African mineral dust to the southeastern United States: Implications for regional air quality, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 15,917-15,927, 1999.
46. Rangarajan, S., Wavelength exponent for haze scattering in the tropics as determined by photoelectric photometers, Tellus, Ser. 24, 51-59, 1972.
47. Reid, J. S., T. F. Eck, S. A. Christopher, P. V. Hobbs, and B. N. Holben, Use of the Angstrom exponent to estimate the variability of optical and physical properties of aging smoke particles in Brazil, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 27,473-27,489, 1999.
48. Remer, L. A., Y. J. Kaufman, B. N. Holben, A. M. Thompson, and D. McNamara, Biomass burning aerosol size distribution and modeled optical properties, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 31,879-31,892, 1998.
49. Remer, L. A., Y. J. Kaufman, and B. N. Holben, Interannual variation of ambient aerosol characteristics on the east coast of the United States, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 2223-2231, 1999.
50. Shettle, E. P., Optical and radiative properties of a desert aerosol model, in Proceedings of the Symposium on Radiation in the Atmosphere, edited by G. Fiocco, pp. 74-77, A. Deepak, Hampton, Va., 1984.
51. Smirnov, A., B. N. Holben, T. F. Eck, O. Dubovik, and I. Slutsker, Cloud screening and quality control algorithms for the AERONET database, Remote Sens. Environ., 73, 337-73,349, 2000.
52. Stowe, L. L., R. M. Carey, and P. P. Pellegrino, Monitoring the Mt. Pinatubo aerosol layer with NOAA/11 AVHRR data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 159-162, 1992.
53. Tanré, D., and M. Legrand, On the satellite retrieval of Saharan dust optical-thickness over land, 2, Different approaches, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 5221-5227, 1991.
54. Tegen, I., P. Hollrig, M. Chin, I. Fung, D. Jacob, and J. Penner, Contribution of different aerosol species to the global aerosol extinction optical thickness: Estimates from model results, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 23,895-23,915, 1997.
55. Torres, O., P. K. Bhartia, J. R. Herman, Z. Ahmad, and J. Gleason, Derivation of aerosol properties from satellite measurements of backscattered ultraviolet radiation: Theoretical basis, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 17,099-17,110, 1998.
56. Westphal, D. L., O. B. Toon, and T. N. Carlson, A two-dimensional numerical investigation of the dynamics and microphysics of Saharan dust storms, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 3027-3049, 1987.
57. Westphal, D. L., O. B. Toon, and T. N. Carlson, A case study of mobilization and transport of saharan dust, J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 2145-2175, 1988.
58. Wilson, R., and J. Spengler (Eds.), Particles in Our Air: Concentrations and Health Effects, pp. 254, Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1996.