메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 869, Issue 1-2, 2000, Pages 146-157

Norepinephrine modulates single hypothalamic arcuate neurons via α1and β adrenergic receptors

Author keywords

Arcuate neurons; Brain slice; Cromakalim; Glibenclamide; Morphine; Naloxone; Norepinephrine; Phentolamine; Prazosin; Propranolol; Rat; Yohimbine

Indexed keywords

ALPHA 1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; CROMAKALIM; GLIBENCLAMIDE; MORPHINE; NALOXONE; NORADRENALIN; PHENTOLAMINE; PRAZOSIN; PROPRANOLOL; YOHIMBINE;

EID: 0034733977     PISSN: 00068993     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0006-8993(00)02380-5     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (16)

References (57)
  • 3
    • 0020571158 scopus 로고
    • An ascending serotonergic pain modulation pathway from the dorsal raphe nucleus to the parafasciculus nucleus of the thalamus
    • Andersen E., Dafny N. An ascending serotonergic pain modulation pathway from the dorsal raphe nucleus to the parafasciculus nucleus of the thalamus. Brain Res. 269:1983;57-67.
    • (1983) Brain Res. , vol.269 , pp. 57-67
    • Andersen, E.1    Dafny, N.2
  • 4
    • 0021995621 scopus 로고
    • 2-adrenoceptor induced hyperpolarizations of locus ceruleus neurons in brain slices: Reversal by cyclic adenosine 3′:5′-monophosphate analogues
    • 2-adrenoceptor induced hyperpolarizations of locus ceruleus neurons in brain slices: reversal by cyclic adenosine 3′:5′-monophosphate analogues. J. Neurosci. 5:1985;2359-2364.
    • (1985) J. Neurosci. , vol.5 , pp. 2359-2364
    • Andrade, R.1    Aghajanian, G.K.2
  • 5
    • 0023911193 scopus 로고
    • Adenosine 5′-triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels
    • Ashcroft F.M. Adenosine 5′-triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 11:1988;97-118.
    • (1988) Annu. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.11 , pp. 97-118
    • Ashcroft, F.M.1
  • 6
    • 0029099078 scopus 로고
    • Arcuate nucleus neurons that project to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus: Neuropeptidergic identity and consequences of adrenalectomy on mRNA levels in the rat
    • Baker R.A., Herkenham M. Arcuate nucleus neurons that project to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus: neuropeptidergic identity and consequences of adrenalectomy on mRNA levels in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 358:1995;518-530.
    • (1995) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.358 , pp. 518-530
    • Baker, R.A.1    Herkenham, M.2
  • 7
    • 0018142196 scopus 로고
    • Neurons containing β-endorphin in rat brain exist separately from those containing enkephalin: Immunocytochemical studies
    • Bloom F.E., Battenberg E., Rossier J., Lingg N., Guillemiin R. Neurons containing β-endorphin in rat brain exist separately from those containing enkephalin: immunocytochemical studies. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 75:1978;1591-1595.
    • (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.75 , pp. 1591-1595
    • Bloom, F.E.1    Battenberg, E.2    Rossier, J.3    Lingg, N.4    Guillemiin, R.5
  • 8
    • 0023514506 scopus 로고
    • Direct somatosensory projections from the spinal cord to the hypothalamus and telencephalon
    • Burstein R., Cliffer K.D., Giesler G.J. Direct somatosensory projections from the spinal cord to the hypothalamus and telencephalon. J. Neurosci. 7:1987;4159-4164.
    • (1987) J. Neurosci. , vol.7 , pp. 4159-4164
    • Burstein, R.1    Cliffer, K.D.2    Giesler, G.J.3
  • 9
    • 1542532585 scopus 로고
    • Effects of lesion or stimulation of pituitary gland and hypothalamic arcuate nucleus on pain modulation in rats
    • in Chinese
    • Chen Q.L., Li J.H., Zhou Z.J., Yin Q.Z. Effects of lesion or stimulation of pituitary gland and hypothalamic arcuate nucleus on pain modulation in rats. Acta Physiol. Sinica. 47:1995;505-509. in Chinese.
    • (1995) Acta Physiol. Sinica , vol.47 , pp. 505-509
    • Chen, Q.L.1    Li, J.H.2    Zhou, Z.J.3    Yin, Q.Z.4
  • 10
    • 0023162296 scopus 로고
    • Calcium-dependent potassium conductance in guinea-pig olfactory cortex neurons in vitro
    • Constanti A., Sim J.A. Calcium-dependent potassium conductance in guinea-pig olfactory cortex neurons in vitro. J. Physiol. Lond. 387:1987;173-194.
    • (1987) J. Physiol. Lond. , vol.387 , pp. 173-194
    • Constanti, A.1    Sim, J.A.2
  • 11
    • 0023859179 scopus 로고
    • The pharmacology of potassium channels and their therapeutic potential
    • Cook N.S. The pharmacology of potassium channels and their therapeutic potential. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 9:1988;21-28.
    • (1988) Trends Pharmacol. Sci. , vol.9 , pp. 21-28
    • Cook, N.S.1
  • 13
    • 0014955576 scopus 로고
    • Unit responses and convergence of sensory stimuli in the hypothalamus
    • Dafny N., Feldman S. Unit responses and convergence of sensory stimuli in the hypothalamus. Brain Res. 17:1970;243-257.
    • (1970) Brain Res. , vol.17 , pp. 243-257
    • Dafny, N.1    Feldman, S.2
  • 14
    • 0025345440 scopus 로고
    • Modification of nociceptively identified neurons in thalamic parafascicularis by chemical stimulation of dorsal raphe with glutamate, morphine, serotonin and focal dorsal raphe electrical stimulation
    • Dafny N., Reyes-Vazquez C., Qiao J.-T. Modification of nociceptively identified neurons in thalamic parafascicularis by chemical stimulation of dorsal raphe with glutamate, morphine, serotonin and focal dorsal raphe electrical stimulation. Brain Res. Bulletin. 24:1990;717-723.
    • (1990) Brain Res. Bulletin , vol.24 , pp. 717-723
    • Dafny, N.1    Reyes-Vazquez, C.2    Qiao, J.-T.3
  • 15
    • 0001989283 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the existence of monoamine containing neurons in the central neurons system. I. Demonstration of monoamines in the cell bodies of brainstem neurons
    • Dahlström A., Fuxe K. Evidence for the existence of monoamine containing neurons in the central neurons system. I. Demonstration of monoamines in the cell bodies of brainstem neurons. Acta Physiol. Scand. 62:1964;1-55.
    • (1964) Acta Physiol. Scand. , vol.62 , pp. 1-55
    • Dahlström, A.1    Fuxe, K.2
  • 16
    • 0020582432 scopus 로고
    • Localization and identification of γ-endorphin and β-endorphin-like peptides in the rat
    • Dorsa D.M., Majumdar L.A. Localization and identification of γ-endorphin and β-endorphin-like peptides in the rat. Life Sci. 33:1983;337-345.
    • (1983) Life Sci. , vol.33 , pp. 337-345
    • Dorsa, D.M.1    Majumdar, L.A.2
  • 17
    • 0022335228 scopus 로고
    • Effect of raphe dorsalis and locus coeruleus stimulation on evoked potential in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus area
    • in Chinese
    • Duanmu Z.X., Zhang Y.J., Zhang H.Q., Yin Q.Z. Effect of raphe dorsalis and locus coeruleus stimulation on evoked potential in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus area. Acta Physiol. Sinica. 37:1985;517-524. in Chinese.
    • (1985) Acta Physiol. Sinica , vol.37 , pp. 517-524
    • Duanmu, Z.X.1    Zhang, Y.J.2    Zhang, H.Q.3    Yin, Q.Z.4
  • 18
    • 0020974273 scopus 로고
    • Noradrenaline-mediated synaptic inhibition in rat locus coeruleus neurons
    • Eggan T.M., Henderson G.G., North R.A., Williams J.T. Noradrenaline-mediated synaptic inhibition in rat locus coeruleus neurons. J. Physiol. Lond. 345:1983;477-488.
    • (1983) J. Physiol. Lond. , vol.345 , pp. 477-488
    • Eggan, T.M.1    Henderson, G.G.2    North, R.A.3    Williams, J.T.4
  • 21
    • 0023546499 scopus 로고
    • The effects of noradrenaline on neurons in the rat dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, in vitro
    • Fukuda A., Minami T., Nabekura J., Oomura Y. The effects of noradrenaline on neurons in the rat dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, in vitro. J. Physiol. Lond. 393:1987;213-231.
    • (1987) J. Physiol. Lond. , vol.393 , pp. 213-231
    • Fukuda, A.1    Minami, T.2    Nabekura, J.3    Oomura, Y.4
  • 22
    • 0018855064 scopus 로고
    • The locus coeruleus in the rat: An immunohistochemical delineation
    • Grzanna R., Molliver M.E. The locus coeruleus in the rat: an immunohistochemical delineation. Neuroscience. 5:1980;21-40.
    • (1980) Neuroscience , vol.5 , pp. 21-40
    • Grzanna, R.1    Molliver, M.E.2
  • 23
    • 0019513107 scopus 로고
    • Immunocytochemical localization of β-endorphin-containing neurons in the rat brain
    • James C.W., Finley P., Peter P. Immunocytochemical localization of β-endorphin-containing neurons in the rat brain. Neuroendocrinology. 33:1981;28-42.
    • (1981) Neuroendocrinology , vol.33 , pp. 28-42
    • James, C.W.1    Finley, P.2    Peter, P.3
  • 24
    • 1542427881 scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory effects of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus or anterior pituitary stimulation on the nociceptive responses of thalamic parafascicular neurons
    • in Chinese
    • Jiao Y.Y., Duanmu Z.X., Yu G.D., Yin Q.Z. Inhibitory effects of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus or anterior pituitary stimulation on the nociceptive responses of thalamic parafascicular neurons. Acta Physiol. Sinica. 47:1995;423-428. in Chinese.
    • (1995) Acta Physiol. Sinica , vol.47 , pp. 423-428
    • Jiao, Y.Y.1    Duanmu, Z.X.2    Yu, G.D.3    Yin, Q.Z.4
  • 25
    • 0031814136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous opioids and ATP-sensitive potassium channels are involved in the mediation of apomorphine-induced antinociception at the spinal level: A behavioral study in rats
    • Kang Y.M., Hu W.M., Qiao J.T. Endogenous opioids and ATP-sensitive potassium channels are involved in the mediation of apomorphine-induced antinociception at the spinal level: a behavioral study in rats. Brain Res. Bull. 46:1998;225-228.
    • (1998) Brain Res. Bull. , vol.46 , pp. 225-228
    • Kang, Y.M.1    Hu, W.M.2    Qiao, J.T.3
  • 26
    • 0030812377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of endogenous opioids and ATP-sensitive potassium channels in the mediation of carbachol-induced antinociception at the spinal level: A behavioral study in rats
    • Kang Y.M., Zhang C., Qiao J.T. Involvement of endogenous opioids and ATP-sensitive potassium channels in the mediation of carbachol-induced antinociception at the spinal level: a behavioral study in rats. Brain Res. 761:1997;342-346.
    • (1997) Brain Res. , vol.761 , pp. 342-346
    • Kang, Y.M.1    Zhang, C.2    Qiao, J.T.3
  • 27
    • 0032005420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + channels are involved in the mediation of intrathecal norepinephrine- Or morphine-induced antinociception at the spinal level: A study using EMG planimetry of flexor reflex in rats
    • + channels are involved in the mediation of intrathecal norepinephrine- or morphine-induced antinociception at the spinal level: a study using EMG planimetry of flexor reflex in rats. Brain Res. Bull. 45:1998;269-273.
    • (1998) Brain Res. Bull. , vol.45 , pp. 269-273
    • Kang, Y.M.1    Zhang, Z.H.2    Yang, S.W.3    Qiao, J.T.4    Dafny, N.5
  • 28
    • 0024383120 scopus 로고
    • Opioid inhibition of spontaneously active neurons of the rat arcuate nucleus in vitro
    • Loose M.D., Kelly M.J. Opioid inhibition of spontaneously active neurons of the rat arcuate nucleus in vitro. Brain Res. Bull. 22:1989;819-823.
    • (1989) Brain Res. Bull. , vol.22 , pp. 819-823
    • Loose, M.D.1    Kelly, M.J.2
  • 29
    • 0025260394 scopus 로고
    • Opioids act at μ-receptors to hyperpolarize arcuate nucleus via an inwardly rectifying potassium conductance
    • Loose M.D., Kelly M.J. Opioids act at μ-receptors to hyperpolarize arcuate nucleus via an inwardly rectifying potassium conductance. Brain Res. 513:1990;15-23.
    • (1990) Brain Res. , vol.513 , pp. 15-23
    • Loose, M.D.1    Kelly, M.J.2
  • 30
    • 0026046455 scopus 로고
    • Neurons in the rat arcuate nucleus are hyperpolarized by GABA and mu-opioid receptor agonists: Evidence for convergence at a ligand-gated potassium conductance
    • Loose M.D., Ronnekleiv O.K., Kelly M.J. Neurons in the rat arcuate nucleus are hyperpolarized by GABA and mu-opioid receptor agonists: evidence for convergence at a ligand-gated potassium conductance. Neuroendocrinology. 54:1991;537-544.
    • (1991) Neuroendocrinology , vol.54 , pp. 537-544
    • Loose, M.D.1    Ronnekleiv, O.K.2    Kelly, M.J.3
  • 31
    • 0039295162 scopus 로고
    • Discharge characteristics and distribution of arcuate neurons from rat hypothalamic record in vitro
    • MacMillan S.J. Discharge characteristics and distribution of arcuate neurons from rat hypothalamic record in vitro. J. Physiol. 338:1983;44-52.
    • (1983) J. Physiol. , vol.338 , pp. 44-52
    • MacMillan, S.J.1
  • 32
    • 0022679881 scopus 로고
    • Actions of noradrenaline recorded intracellularly in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, in vitro
    • Madison D.V., Nicoll R.A. Actions of noradrenaline recorded intracellularly in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, in vitro. J. Physiol. Lond. 372:1986;221-244.
    • (1986) J. Physiol. Lond. , vol.372 , pp. 221-244
    • Madison, D.V.1    Nicoll, R.A.2
  • 34
    • 0021049819 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology of opioids
    • Martin W.R. Pharmacology of opioids. Pharmacol. Rev. 35:1984;283-323.
    • (1984) Pharmacol. Rev. , vol.35 , pp. 283-323
    • Martin, W.R.1
  • 35
    • 0023948034 scopus 로고
    • Noradrenegic modulation of firing pattern in guinea pig and cat thalamic neurons, in vitro
    • McCormick D.A., Prince D.A. Noradrenegic modulation of firing pattern in guinea pig and cat thalamic neurons, in vitro. J. Neurophysiol. 59:1988;978-996.
    • (1988) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.59 , pp. 978-996
    • McCormick, D.A.1    Prince, D.A.2
  • 36
    • 0002094181 scopus 로고
    • Neurophysiological foundation of pain
    • R.A. Sternbach. New York: Raven Press
    • Melzack R., Dennis S.G. Neurophysiological foundation of pain. Sternbach R.A. The Psychology of Pain. 1978;1-26 Raven Press, New York.
    • (1978) The Psychology of Pain , pp. 1-26
    • Melzack, R.1    Dennis, S.G.2
  • 37
    • 0019129010 scopus 로고
    • Lesions of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus produce a temporary hyperalgesia and attenuate stress-evoked analgesia
    • Millan M.J., Gramsch C., Przewtocki R., Höllt V., Herz A. Lesions of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus produce a temporary hyperalgesia and attenuate stress-evoked analgesia. Life Sci. 27:1980;1513-1523.
    • (1980) Life Sci. , vol.27 , pp. 1513-1523
    • Millan, M.J.1    Gramsch, C.2    Przewtocki, R.3    Höllt, V.4    Herz, A.5
  • 38
    • 0026478961 scopus 로고
    • Role of central ATP-sensitive potassium channels in the analgesic effect and spinal noradrenaline turnover-enhancing effect of intracerebroventricularly injected morphine in mice
    • Narita M., Suzuki T., Misawa M., Nagase H., Nabeshima A., Ashizawa T., Ozawa H., Saito T., Takahata N. Role of central ATP-sensitive potassium channels in the analgesic effect and spinal noradrenaline turnover-enhancing effect of intracerebroventricularly injected morphine in mice. Brain Res. 596:1992;209-214.
    • (1992) Brain Res. , vol.596 , pp. 209-214
    • Narita, M.1    Suzuki, T.2    Misawa, M.3    Nagase, H.4    Nabeshima, A.5    Ashizawa, T.6    Ozawa, H.7    Saito, T.8    Takahata, N.9
  • 39
    • 0025321504 scopus 로고
    • Functional comparison of neurotransmitter receptor subtypes in mammalian central nervous system
    • Nicoll R.A., Malenka R.C., Kauer J.A. Functional comparison of neurotransmitter receptor subtypes in mammalian central nervous system. Physiol. Rev. 70:1990;513-565.
    • (1990) Physiol. Rev. , vol.70 , pp. 513-565
    • Nicoll, R.A.1    Malenka, R.C.2    Kauer, J.A.3
  • 40
    • 0021287154 scopus 로고
    • The action of noradrenaline on neurons of the rat substantia gelantinosa in vitro
    • North R.A., Yoshimura M. The action of noradrenaline on neurons of the rat substantia gelantinosa in vitro. J. Physiol. Lond. 349:1984;43-55.
    • (1984) J. Physiol. Lond. , vol.349 , pp. 43-55
    • North, R.A.1    Yoshimura, M.2
  • 43
    • 0022338495 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of norepinephrine and superior cervical ganglion input in the rate pineal
    • Reyes-Vazquez C., Dafny N. Interaction of norepinephrine and superior cervical ganglion input in the rate pineal. Exp. Neurol. 90:1985;522-528.
    • (1985) Exp. Neurol. , vol.90 , pp. 522-528
    • Reyes-Vazquez, C.1    Dafny, N.2
  • 44
    • 0022998061 scopus 로고
    • Rat pineal exhibits two electrophysiological patterns of response to microioutophoretic norepinephrine application
    • Reyes-Vazquez C., Prieto-Gomez B., Aldes L.D., Dafny N. Rat pineal exhibits two electrophysiological patterns of response to microioutophoretic norepinephrine application. J. Pineal Res. 13:1986;213-222.
    • (1986) J. Pineal Res. , vol.13 , pp. 213-222
    • Reyes-Vazquez, C.1    Prieto-Gomez, B.2    Aldes, L.D.3    Dafny, N.4
  • 46
    • 0025897414 scopus 로고
    • Arcuate nucleus projections to brainstem regions which modulate nociception
    • Sim L.J., Joseph S.A. Arcuate nucleus projections to brainstem regions which modulate nociception. J. Chem. Neuroanat. 4:1991;97-109.
    • (1991) J. Chem. Neuroanat. , vol.4 , pp. 97-109
    • Sim, L.J.1    Joseph, S.A.2
  • 47
    • 0031000331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of photoperiod on estrogen receptor, tyrosine hydroxylase, neuropeptide Y, and beta-endorphin immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus
    • Skinner D.C., Herbison A.E. Effects of photoperiod on estrogen receptor, tyrosine hydroxylase, neuropeptide Y, and beta-endorphin immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus. Endocrinology. 138:1997;2585-2595.
    • (1997) Endocrinology , vol.138 , pp. 2585-2595
    • Skinner, D.C.1    Herbison, A.E.2
  • 48
    • 0029891639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of 5-HT on activity of arcuate neuron of rat hypothalamic slices
    • in Chinese
    • Tao P., Mei J. Effects of 5-HT on activity of arcuate neuron of rat hypothalamic slices. Acta Physiol. Sinica. 48:1996;157-164. in Chinese.
    • (1996) Acta Physiol. Sinica , vol.48 , pp. 157-164
    • Tao, P.1    Mei, J.2
  • 50
    • 0025329735 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of inhibition of spinal nociceptive reflex by stimulation of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus in the pentobarbital-anesthetized rat
    • Wang Q., Mao L.M., Han J.S. Characterization of inhibition of spinal nociceptive reflex by stimulation of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus in the pentobarbital-anesthetized rat. Pain. 41:1990;101-108.
    • (1990) Pain , vol.41 , pp. 101-108
    • Wang, Q.1    Mao, L.M.2    Han, J.S.3
  • 51
    • 0023264914 scopus 로고
    • Origin of serotonin innervation of the arcuate and ventromedial hypothalamic region
    • Willoughby J.O., Blessing W. Origin of serotonin innervation of the arcuate and ventromedial hypothalamic region. Brain Res. 418:1978;170-173.
    • (1978) Brain Res. , vol.418 , pp. 170-173
    • Willoughby, J.O.1    Blessing, W.2
  • 53
    • 0025203383 scopus 로고
    • Effects of noradrenaline and acetylcholine on electric activity of paraventricular neurons of rat hypothalamic slices
    • In Chinese
    • Xing B.R., Guo Y.M., Xia J.H., Chen Y.Z. Effects of noradrenaline and acetylcholine on electric activity of paraventricular neurons of rat hypothalamic slices. Acta Physiol. Sinica. 42:1990;413-419. In Chinese.
    • (1990) Acta Physiol. Sinica , vol.42 , pp. 413-419
    • Xing, B.R.1    Guo, Y.M.2    Xia, J.H.3    Chen, Y.Z.4
  • 54
    • 0023198915 scopus 로고
    • Noradrenaline induced after depolarization in cat sympathetic preganglionic neurons in vitro
    • Yoshimura M., Polosa C., Nishi S. Noradrenaline induced after depolarization in cat sympathetic preganglionic neurons in vitro. J. Neurophysiol. 57:1987;1314-1324.
    • (1987) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.57 , pp. 1314-1324
    • Yoshimura, M.1    Polosa, C.2    Nishi, S.3
  • 55
    • 0023617139 scopus 로고
    • Slow IPSP and the noradrenaline-induced inhibition of the cat sympathetic preganglionic neuron in vitro
    • Yoshimura M., Polosa C., Nishi S. Slow IPSP and the noradrenaline-induced inhibition of the cat sympathetic preganglionic neuron in vitro. Brain Res. 419:1987;383-386.
    • (1987) Brain Res. , vol.419 , pp. 383-386
    • Yoshimura, M.1    Polosa, C.2    Nishi, S.3
  • 56
    • 0019224027 scopus 로고
    • 2 receptors: Light microscopic autoradiographic localization
    • 2 receptors: light microscopic autoradiographic localization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 77:1980;1696-1700.
    • (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.77 , pp. 1696-1700
    • Young, W.S.I.1    Kuhar, M.J.2
  • 57
    • 0030437250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tolerance of hypothalamic beta-endorphin neurons to mu-opioid receptor activation after chronic morphine
    • Zhang G., Lagrange A.H., Ronnekleiv O.K., Kelly M.J. Tolerance of hypothalamic beta-endorphin neurons to mu-opioid receptor activation after chronic morphine. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 277:1996;551-558.
    • (1996) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.277 , pp. 551-558
    • Zhang, G.1    Lagrange, A.H.2    Ronnekleiv, O.K.3    Kelly, M.J.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.