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0343411344
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note
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f is the Fermi energy). If the carrier scattering is independent of energy, then σ(E) is just proportional to the density of states at E. In the general case, S is a measure of the difference in σ(E) above and below the Fermi surface - specifically, through the logarithmic derivative σ(E) with respect to E. Therefore, a material with an electronic structure complex enough to maximize σ[ln σ(E)]/dE will be a good candidate for consideration.
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0343847345
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note
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2 = 0.1127. The structure solution and refinements were done using the SHELXTL package of crystallographic programs (version 5, 1994; G. M. Sheldrick, Siemens Analytical Xray Systems Inc., Madison, WI).
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0343847348
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note
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eq) are as follows: Bi(1), 1362(1), 0, 7502(1), 17(1); Bi(2), 2124(1), 5000, -888(1), 18(1); Bi(3), 1628(1), 0, 921(1), 18(1); Bi(4), 886(1), 5000, -627(1), 18(1); Bi(5), 2353(1), 5000, -7410(1), 17(1); Bi(6), 1146(1), 5000, 2782(1), 17(1); Bi(7), 150(1), 0, 7878(1), 18(1); Bi(8), 396(1), 0, 1365(1), 18(1); Cs(1), 543(1), 0, 5090(1), 26(1); Cs(2), 3130(1), 0, -5163(1), 28(1); Te(1), 1533(1), 5000, -722(1), 14(1); Te(2), 800(1), 0, 7845(1), 16(1); Te(3), 1226(1), 5000, 6089(1), 18(1); Te(4), 2020(1), 0, 7561(1), 16(1); Te(5), 2250(1), 0, 766(1), 14(1); Te(6), 1043(1), 0, 1003(1), 15(1); Te(7), 1757(1), 5000, -7570(1), 16(1); Te(8), 1236(1), 0, 4213(1), 18(1); Te(9), 2396(1), 0, -5982(1), 18(1); Te(10), 575(1), 5000, 2811(1), 18(1);Te(11), -76(1), 5000, 3592(1), 19(1); Te(12), 322(1), 5000, -383(1), 17(1).
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0002852816
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-5 torr. The sample chamber was evacuated for at least 1 hour before cooling to remove any residual water vapor or solvents in the gold paste.
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35
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0342976029
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note
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The density of oriented ingots is >99% of theoretical density. The thermal conductivity was measured along the growth direction, which is the direction of maximum TE performance.
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37
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0343847343
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note
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No significant variations (to ± 10%) in thermal conductivity were observed between hot-pressed and oriented ingot samples.
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0342976028
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note
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Supported by Office of Naval Research grant N00014-98-1-0443. The work made use of the SEM facilities of the Center for Electron Optics at Michigan State University. The work at Northwestern made use of the Central Facilities supported by NSF through the Materials Research Center (grant DMR-9632472). We thank S. D. Mahanti for fruitful discussions.
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