Primate socio-ecology: The end of a golden age

Evolutionary Anthropology

Volumn 9, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 73-86

  Janson, Charles H ^a  

^a STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Conservation; Ecology; Food competition; History; Infanticide; Phylogeny; Predation; Primate; Sexual conflict; Social relationships

Indexed keywords

PRIMATES;

EID: 0034344825     PISSN: 10601538     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(2000)9:2<73::AID-EVAN2>3.0.CO;2-X     Document Type: Article

References (122)

1. Terborgh JW. 1999. Requiem for nature. Washington, DC: Island Press.
2. Fleagle JF, Janson CH, Reed KE, editors. 1999. Primate communities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3. Sterck EHM. 1998. Female dispersal, social organization, and infanticide in langurs: are they linked to human disturbance? Am J Primatol 44: 235-254.
4. van Schaik CP, Kappeler PM. 1996. The social systems of gregarious lemurs: lack of convergence with anthropoids due to evolutionary disequilibrium. Ethology 102:915-941.
5. Carpenter CR. 1934. A field study of the behavior and social relations of howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata). Comp Psych Monogr 6:1-212.
6. Kummer H. 1968. Social organization of hamadryas baboons. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
7. De Vore I, Washburn SL. 1963. Baboon ecology and human evolution. In: Howell FC, Bourliere F, editors. African ecology and human evolution. Chicago: Aldine. p 335-367.
8. Crook JH, Gartlan JS. 1966. Evolution of primate societies. Nature 210:1200-1203.
9. Denham WW. 1971. Energy relations and some basic properties of primate social organization. Am Anthropol 73:77-95.
10. Eisenberg JF, Muckenhirn NA, Rudran R. 1972. The relation between ecology and social structure in primates. Science 176:863-874.
11. Clutton-Brock TH, Harvey PH. 1977. Species differences in feeding and ranging behaviour in primates. In: Clutton-Brock TH, editor. Primate ecology. London: Academic Press. p 539-556.
12. Hladik CM. 1975. Ecology, diet and social patterns in Old and New World primates. In: Tuttle RH, editor. Socioecology and psychology of primates. The Hague: Mouton. p 3-35.
13. Klein LL, Klein DJ. 1975. Social and ecological contrasts between four taxa of neotropical primates. In: Tuttle RH, editor. Socioecology and psychology of primates. The Hague: Mouton. p 59-85.
14. Milton K, May ML. 1976. Body weight, diet, and home range area in primates. Nature 259: 459-462.
15. Clutton-Brock TH, Harvey PH. 1977. Primate ecology and social organization. J Zool Lond 183: 1-39.
16. Williams GC. 1966. Adaptation and natural selection. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
17. Trivers RL. 1972. Parental investment and sexual selection. In: Campbell B, editor. Sexual selection and the descent of man, 1871-1971. Chicago: Aldine. p 136-179.
18. Emlen ST, Oring LW. 1977. Ecology, sexual selection, and the evolution of mating systems. Science 197:215-223.
19. Goss-Custard JD, Dunbar RIM, Aldrich-Blake FPG. 1972. Survival, mating, and rearing in the evolution of primate social structure. Folia Primatol (Basel) 17:1-19.
20. Terborgh JW. 1983. Five New World primates: a study in comparative ecology. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
21. Leighton M, Leighton DR. 1982. The relationship of size of feeding aggregate to size of food patch: Howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) feeding in Trichilia cipo fruit trees on Barro Colorado Island. Biotropica 14:81-90.
22. MacFarland Symington M. 1988. Food competition and foraging party size in the black spider monkey (Ateles paniscus chamek). Behaviour 105:117-134.
23. Dittus WPJ. 1977. The social regulation of population density and age-sex distribution in the toque monkey. Behaviour 63:281-322.
24. Waser P. 1977. Feeding, ranging, and group size in the mangabey Cercocebus albigena. In: Clutton-Brock TH, editor. Primate ecology. London: Academic Press. p 182-222.
25. Alexander RD. 1974. The evolution of social behavior. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 5:325-383.
26. Jarman PJ. 1974. The social organization of antelope in relation to their ecology. Behaviour 48:215-267.
27. van Schaik CP. 1983. Why are diurnal primates living in groups? Behaviour 87:91-117.
28. Wrangham RW. 1979. On the evolution of ape social systems. Soc Sci Information 18:334-368.
29. Wrangham RW. 1980. An ecological model of female-bonded primate groups. Behaviour 75:262-300.
30. Robinson JG. 1988. Group size in wedge-capped capuchin monkeys Cebus olivaceus and the reproductive success of males and females. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 23:187-197.
31. Cheney DL, Seyfarth RM. 1987. The influence of intergroup competition on the survival and reproduction of female vervet monkeys. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 21:375-386.
32. Janson CH, van Schaik CP. 1988. Recognizing the many faces of primate food competition: methods. Behaviour 105:165-186.
33. van Schaik CP. 1989. The ecology of social relationships amongst female primates. In: Standen V, Foley R, editors. Comparative socioecology of mammals and humans. Oxford: Blackwell Publications. p 195-218.
34. Sterck EHM, Watts DP, van Schaik CP. 1997. The evolution of female social relationships in nonhuman primates. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 41: 291-309.
35. de Ruiter J. 1986. The influence of group size on predator scanning and foraging behaviour of wedgecapped capuchin monkeys (Cebus olivaceus). Behaviour 98:240-258.
36. Janson CH. 1990. Ecological consequences of individual spatial choice in foraging brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). Anim Behav 38: 922-934.
37. Janson CH. 1992. Evolutionary ecology of primate social structure. In: Smith EA, Winterhalder B, editors. Evolutionary ecology and human behavior. New York: De Gruyter. p 95-130.
38. Cowlishaw G. 1997. Trade-offs between foraging and predation risk determine habitat use in a desert baboon population. Anim Behav 53:667-686.
39. Cowlishaw G. 1994. Vulnerability to predation in baboon populations. Behaviour 131:293-304.
40. Hill RA, Lee PC. 1998. Predation risk as an influence on group size in cercopithecoid primates: implications for social structure. J Zool Lond 245:447-456.
41. Bshary R, Noe R. 1997. Red colobus and Diana monkeys provide mutual protection against predators. Anim Behav 54:1461-1474.
42. Isbell LA. 1991. Contest and scramble competition: patterns of female aggression and ranging behaviour among primates. Behav Ecol 2:143-155.
43. Janson CH, Goldsmith M. 1995. Predicting group size in primates: foraging costs and predation risks. Behav Ecol 6:326-336.
44. Koenig A, Beise J, Chalise MK, Ganzhorn JU. 1998. When females should contest for food -testing hypotheses about resource density, distribution, size, and quality with Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 42:225-237.
45. Mitchell CL, Boinski S, van Schaik CP. 1991. Competitive regimes and female bonding in two species of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri oerstedi and S. sciureus). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 28:55-60.
46. Barton RA, Byrne RW, Whiten A. 1996. Ecology, feeding competition and social structure in baboons. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 38:321-329.
47. Sterck EHM, Steenbeek R. 1997. Female dominance relationships and food competition in the sympatric Thomas langur and long-tailed macaque. Behaviour 139:9-10.
48. Chapman CA, Wrangham RW, Chapman LJ. 1995. Ecological constraints on group size - an analysis of spider monkey and chimpanzee subgroups. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 36:59-70.
49. Rodman P. 1988. Resources and group sizes of primates. In: Slobodchikoff CN, editor. The ecology of social behavior. San Diego: Academic Press. p 83-108.
50. Janson CH. 1988. Food competition in brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella): quantitative effects of group size and tree productivity. Behaviour 105:53-76.
51. Menzel EW Jr. 1973. Chimpanzee spatial memory organization. Science 182:943-945.
52. Garber PA. 1989. Role of spatial memory in primate foraging patterns: Saguinus mystax and Saguinus fuscicollis. Am J Primatol 19:203-216.
53. Janson CH. 1998. Experimental evidence for spatial memory in wild brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). Anim Behav 55:1129-1143.
54. Pulliam HR, Caraco T. 1984. Living in groups: is there an optimal group size? In: Krebs JR, Davies NB, editors. Behavioural ecology: an evolutionary approach. Oxford: Blackwell Publications. p 122-147.
55. Clark CW, Mangel M. 1984. Foraging and flocking strategies: information in an uncertain environment. Am Nat 123:626-641.
56. Winterhalder B. 1998. Social foraging and the behavioral ecology of intragroup resource transfers. Evol Anthropol 5:46-57.
57. Vickery WL, Giraldeu L-A, Templeton JJ, Kramer DL, Chapman CA. 1991. Producers, scroungers, and group foraging. Am Nat 137: 847-863.
58. Pruetz JD, Isbell LA. 1999. What makes a food contestable? Food properties and contest competition in vervets and patas monkeys in Laikipia, Kenya. Am J Phys Anthropol [Suppl] 28:225-226.
59. Cheney DL, Wrangham RW. 1987. Predation. In: Smuts BB, Cheney DL, Seyfarth RM, Wrangham RW, Struhsaker TT, editors. Primate societies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p 227-239.
60. Treves A. 1998. The influence of group size and neighbors on vigilance in two species of arboreal monkeys. Behaviour 135:453-481.
61. Cowlishaw G. 1998. The role of vigilance in the survival and reproductive strategies of desert baboons. Behaviour 135:431-452.
62. Steenbeek R, Piek RC, van Buul M, van Hooff JARAM. 1999. Vigilance in wild Thomas langurs (Presbytis thomasi): the importance of infanticide risk. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 45:137-150.
63. Hill RA, Dunbar RIM. 1998. An evaluation of the roles of predation rate and predation risk as selective pressures on primate grouping behaviour. Behaviour 135:411-430.
64. Janson CH. 1998. Testing the predation hypothesis for vertebrate sociality: prospects and pitfalls. Behaviour 135:389-410.
65. Isbell LA. 1994. Predation on primates: ecological patterns and evolutionary consequences. Evol Anthropol 3:61-71.
66. Wrangham RW. 1987. The significance of African apes for reconstructing human social evolution. In: Kinzey WG, editor. The evolution of human behavior: primate models. Albany: SUNY Press. p 51-71.
67. Rendall D, Di Fiore A. 1995. The road less traveled: phylogenetic perspectives in primatology. Evol Anthropol 4:43-52.
68. Sugiyama Y. 1965. On the social change of hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus) in their natural conditions. Primates 6:213-247.
69. Hrdy SB. 1977. The langurs of Abu: female and male strategies of reproduction. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
70. Sussman RW, Cheverud JM, Bartlett TQ. 1995. Infant killing as an evolutionary strategy: reality or myth? Evol Anthropol 3:149-151.
71. Hrdy SB, Janson CH, van Schaik CP. 1995. Infanticide: let's not throw out the baby with the bath water. Evol Anthropol 3:151-154.
72. Borries C, Launhardt K, Epplen C, Epplen JT, Winkler P. 1999. DNA analyses support the hypothesis that infanticide is adaptive in langur monkeys. Proc R Soc Lond [Biol] 266:901-904.
73. van Schaik CP, Janson CH, editors. 2000. Infanticide by males and its implications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
74. Crockett CM, Janson CH. 2000. Infanticide in red howlers: female group size, male composition, and a possible link to folivory. In: van Schaik CP, Janson CH, editors. Infanticide by males and its implications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
75. Steenbeek R. 2000. Infanticide by males and female choice in wild Thomas's langurs. In: van Schaik CP, Janson CH, editors. Infanticide by males and its implications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
76. Sterck EHM, Korstjens AH. 2000. Female dispersal and infanticide avoidance in primates. In: van Schaik CP, Janson CH, editors. Infanticide by males and its implications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
77. van Schaik CP. 1996. Social evolution in primates: the role of ecological factors and male behaviour. Proc Br Acad 88:9-31.
78. Treves A. 1998. Primate social systems: conspecific threat and coercion-defense hypotheses. Folia Primatol (Basel) 69:81-88.
79. Nunn CL, van Schaik CP. 2000. Social evolution in primates: the relative roles of ecology and intersexual conflict. In: van Schaik CP, Janson CH, editors. Infanticide by males and its implications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
80. Janson CH, van Schaik CP. 2000. The behavioral ecology of infanticide. In: van Schaik CP, Janson CH, editors. Infanticide by males and its implications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
81. Noe R, van Schaik CP, van Hooff JARAM. 1989. The market effect - an explanation for pay-off asymmetries among collaborating animals. Ethology 87:97-118.
82. Henzi SP, Barrett L. 1999. The value of grooming to female primates. Primates 40:47-59.
83. Nunn CL. 2000. Collective benefits, free-riders, and male extra-group conflict. In: Kappeler PM, editor. Primate males. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 192-204.
84. Altmann SA. 1998. Foraging for survival: yearling baboons in Africa. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
85. Reed KE, Fleagle JG. 1995. Geographic and climatic control of primate diversity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:7874-7876.
86. Oates JF, Whitesides GH, Davies AG, Waterman PG, Green SM, Dasilva GL, Mole S. 1990. Determinants of variation in tropical forest primate biomass: new evidence from West Africa. Ecology 71:328-343.
87. Kay RF, Madden RH, van Schaik CP, Higdon D. 1997. Primate species richness is determined by plant productivity: implications for conservation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:13023-13027.
88. Janson CH, Chapman CA. 1999. Resources as determinants of primate community structure. In: Fleagle JG, Janson CH, Reed KE, editors. Primate communities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 237-267.
89. Peres CA. 1999. Effects of subsistence hunting and forest types on the structure of Amazonian primate communities. In: Fleagle JG, Janson CH, Reed KE, editors. Primate communities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 268-283.
90. Kappeler P. 1999. Convergence and divergence in primate social systems. In: Fleagle JG, Janson CH, Reed KE, editors. Primate communities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 158-170.
91. Fleagle JG, Reed KE. 1999. Phylogenetic and temporal perspectives on primate ecology. In: Fleagle JG, Janson CH, Reed KE, editors. Primate communities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 92-115.
92. Emmons LE. 1999. Of mice and monkeys: primates as predictors of mammal community richness. In: Fleagle JG, Janson CH, Reed KE, editors. Primate communities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 171-188.
93. Dunbar RIM. 1988. Primate social systems. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
94. Freeland WJ. 1980. Mangabey (Cercocebus albigena) movement patterns in relation to food availability and fecal contamination. Ecology 61: 1297-1303.
95. Gilbert KA. 1997. Red howling monkey use of specific defecation sites as a parasite avoidance strategy. Anim Behav 54:451-455.
96. Olupot W, Chapman CA, Waser PM. 1997. Mangabey (Cercocebus albigena) ranging patterns in relation to fruit availability and the risk of parasite infection in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Am J Primatol 43:65-78.
97. van Schaik CP, Kappeler PM. 1997. Infanticide risk and the evolution of male-female association in primates. Proc R Soc Lond [Biol] 264: 1687-1694.
98. Goodman SM, O'Connor S, Langrand O. 1993. A review of predation on lemurs: implications for the evolution of social behaviour in small, nocturnal prosimians. In: Kappeler PM, Ganzhorn JU, editors. Lemur social systems and their ecological basis. New York: Plenum Press. p 57-66.
99. Stanford CB. 1998. Chimpanzee and red colobus: the ecology of predator and prey. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
100. Muruthi P, Altmann J, Altmann S. 1991. Resource base, parity, and reproductive condition affect female's feeding time and nutrient intake within and between groups of a baboon population. Oecologia 87:467-472.
101. Mori A. 1995. Rank and age-related feeding strategy observed through field experiments in the Koshima group of Japanese macaques. Primates 36:11-26.
102. Mori A. 1979. Analysis of population changes by measurement of body weight in the Koshima troop of Japanese monkeys. Primates 20:371-397.
103. Janson CH. 1996. Toward an experimental socioecology of primates: examples from Argentine brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella nigritus). In: Norconk M, Garber P, Rosenberger A, editors. Adaptive radiations of neotropical primates. New York: Plenum Press. p 309-325.
104. Whitehead JM. 1989. The effect of the location of a simulated intruder on responses to long-distance vocalizations of mantled howling monkeys, Alouatta palliata palliata. Behaviour 108: 73-103.
105. Lambert JE. 1998, Primate digestion: interactions among anatomy, physiology, and feeding ecology. Evol Anthropol 7:8-20.
106. Cheney DL, Seyfarth RM. 1990. How monkeys see the world. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
107. Pereira M, Fairbanks L, editors. 1993. Juvenile primates: life history, development and behavior. New York: Oxford University Press.
108. Janson CH, van Schaik CP. 1993. Ecological risk aversion in juvenile primates: slow and steady wins the race. In: Pereira M, Fairbanks L, editors. Juvenile primates: life history, development and behavior. New York: Oxford University Press. p 57-74.
109. Perry S. 1996. Female-female relationships in white-faced capuchin monkeys, Cebus capucinus. Am J Primatol 40:167-182.
110. van Hoof JARAM, van Schaik CP. 1994. Male bonds: affiliative relationships among nonhuman primate males. Behaviour 130:309-337.
111. Dunbar RIM. 1992. Neocortex size as a constraint on group size in primates. J Hum Evol 22:469-493.
112. Smith EA, Winterhalder B, editors. 1992. Evolutionary ecology and human behavior. New York: DeGruyter.
113. Aiello LC, Dunbar RIM. 1993. Neocortex size, group size, and the evolution of language. Curr Anthropol 34:184-193.
114. Isbell LA, van Duren D. 1996. Differential costs of locational and social dispersal and their consequences for female group-living primates. Behaviour 133:1-36.
115. Harcourt AH. 1989. Environment, competition and reproductive performance of female monkeys. TREE 4:101-105.
116. van Schaik CP, van Noordwijk MA. 1989. The special role of male Cebus monkeys in predation avoidance and its effects on group composition. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 24:265-276.
117. Packer C, Pusey AE. 1983. Adaptations of female lions to infanticide by incoming males. Am Nat 121:716-728.
118. Mitani JC, Rodman PS. 1979. Territoriality: the relation of ranging patterns and home range size to defendability, with an analysis of territoriality among primate species. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 5:241-251.
119. Blumstein DT. 2000. The evolution of infanticide in rodents: a comparative analysis. In: van Schaik CP, Janson CH, editors. Infanticide by males and its implications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
120. van Schaik CP, Dunbar RIM. 1990. The evolution of monogamy in large primates: a new hypothesis and some crucial tests. Behaviour 115:30-62.
121. Janson CH. 1986. The mating system as a determinant of social evolution in capuchin monkeys (Cebus). In: Else JG, Lee PC, editors. Primate ecology and conservation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 169-179.
122. Kinzey WG. 1981. The titi monkeys, genus Callicebus. In: Coimbra-Filho AF, Mittermeier RA, editors. Ecology and behavior in neotropical primates. Volume 1. Rio de Janeiro: Academia Brasileira de Ciencias. p 241-276.