The role of interpersonal affective regard in supervisory performance ratings: A literature review and proposed causal model

Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology

Volumn 73, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 67-85

  Lefkowitz, Joel ^a  

^a CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0034340515     PISSN: 09631798     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1348/096317900166886     Document Type: Review

References (84)

1. Alexander, E. R., & Wilkins, R. D. (1982). Performance rating validity: The relationship of objective and subjective measures of performance. Group and Organizational Studies, 7, 485-496.
2. Altman, I. (1974). The communication of interpersonal attitudes: An ecological approach. In T. L. Huston (Ed.), Foundations of interpersonal attraction. New York: Academic Press.
3. Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1991). The big five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44, 1-26.
4. Berg, J. H. (1984). Development of friendship between roommates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 346-356.
5. Berkowitz, L., & Donnerstein, E. (1982). External validity is more than skin deep. American Psychologist, 37, 245-257.
6. Bernardin, H. J., & Beatty, R. W. (1984). Performance appraisal: Assessing human behavior at work. Boston: Kent.
7. Bernardin, H. J., & Villanova, P. (1986). Performance appraisal. In E. A. Locke (Ed.), Generalizing from laboratory to field settings (pp. 43-62). Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
8. Berscheid, E., & Walster, E. H. (1978). Interpersonal attraction. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
9. Borman, W. C., White, L. A., & Dorsey, D. W. (1995). Effects of ratee task performance and interpersonal factors on supervisor and peer performance ratings. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 168-177.
10. Burt, R. S. (1982). Towards a structural theory of action: Network models of social structure, perception, and action. New York: Academic Press.
11. Byrne, D. (1971). The attraction paradigm. New York: Academic Press.
12. Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959). Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 56, 81-105.
13. Cardy, R. L., & Dobbins, G. H. (1986). Affect and appraisal accuracy: Liking as an integral dimension in evaluating performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 672-678.
14. Cardy, R. L., & Dobbins, G. (1994). Performance appraisal: Alternative perspectives. Cincinnati, OH: South-Western Publishing.
15. Cardy, R. L., & Selvarajan, T. T. (1998, August). Liking and performance: Integrality revisited. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, San Diego, CA.
16. Dansereau, F., Graen, G., & Haga, W. J. (1975). A vertical dyad linkage approach to leadership in formal organizations. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 13, 46-78.
17. DeNisi, A., Cafferty, T. P., & Meglino, B. M. (1984). A cognitive view of the performance appraisal process: A model and research propositions. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 33, 360-396.
18. Dienesch, R. M., & Liden, R. C. (1986). Leader-member exchange model of leadership: A critique and further development. Academy of Management Review, 11, 618-634.
19. Dipboye, R. L. (1985). Some neglected variables in research on discrimination in appraisals. Academy of Management Review, 10, 116-127.
20. Dobbins, G. H., & Russell, J. M. (1986). The biasing effects of subordinate likableness on leaders' responses to poor performers: A laboratory and a field study. Personnel Psychology, 39, 759-777.
21. Duck, S. W. (1973). Personal relationships and personal constructs. New York: Wiley.
22. Eden, D., & Shani, A. B. (1982). Pygmalion goes to boot camp: Expectancy, leadership, and trainee performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67, 194-199.
23. Feldman, J. M. (1981). Beyond attribution theory: Cognitive processes in performance appraisal. Journal of Applied Psychology, 66, 127-148.
24. Ferris, G. R., Judge, T. A., Rowland, K. M., & Fitzgibbons, D. E. (1994). Subordinate influence and the performance evaluation process: Test of a model. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 58, 101-135.
25. Hanges, P. J., Holke, J. A., & Cox, J. (1992, May). Effects of busyness and prior information on ratings: A catastrophe model. Paper presented at a symposium: Performance Appraisal Processes: Effects of Rater Stereotypes, Expectations, and Affect, Conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Montreal, Canada.
26. Harris, M. M., & Sackett, P. R. (1988). Interpersonal affect and performance rating level: An individual difference analysis. Paper presented at the Third Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Dallas, TX.
27. Harrison, D. A., Price, K. H., & Bell, M. P. (1998). Beyond relational demography: Time and the effects of surface-and deep-level diversity on work group cohesion. Academy of Management Journal, 41, 96-107.
28. Hogan, E. H. (1987). Effects of prior expectations on performance ratings: A longitudinal study. Academy of Management Journal, 30, 354-368.
29. Hulin, C. (1990). Adaptation, persistence, and commitment in organizations. In M. D. Dunnette & L. M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (2nd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 445-506). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
30. Huston, T. L. (1974). Foundations of interpersonal attraction. New York: Academic Press.
31. Ilgen, D. R., & Feldman, J. M. (1983). Performance appraisal: A process focus. Research in Organizational Behavior, 5, 141-197.
32. Isen, A. M., & Baron, R. A. (1991). Positive affect as a factor in organizational behavior. Research in Organizational Behavior, 13, 1-53.
33. Judge, T. A., & Ferris, G. R. (1993). Social context of performance evaluation decisions. Academy of Management Journal, 36, 80-105.
34. Kane, J. S., & Lawler, III, E. E. (1978). Methods of peer assessment. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 555-586.
35. Kelley, H. H. (1979). Personal relationships: Their structures and processes. New York: Erlbaum.
36. Kipnis, D., Schmidt, S., Price, K., & Stitt, C. (1981). Why do I like thee: Is it your performance or my orders? Journal of Applied Psychology, 66, 324-328.
37. Korman, A. (1970). Toward a hypothesis of work behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 54, 32-41.
38. Kravitz, D. A., & Balzer, W. K. (1992). Context effects in performance appraisal: A methodological critique and empirical study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 24-31.
39. Landy, F. J., & Farr, J. L. (1980). Performance rating. Psychological Bulletin, 87, 72-107.
40. Lefkowitz, J., & Battista, M. (1995). Potential sources of criterion bias in supervisor ratings used for test validation. Journal of Business and Psychology, 11(3), 389-414.
41. Lefkowitz, J., Howard, K., Lawrence, J., & Nicolopoulos, V. (1998, August). Congruence in supervisor-subordinate relationships: Beyond relational demography. Presented as part of a symposium: Opening the Black Box of Organizational Demography: Current Research Advances, Academy of Management National Meeting, San Diego, CA.
42. Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., & Stilwell, D. (1993). A longitudinal study on the early development of leader-member exchanges. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 642-674.
43. Lindzey, G., & Byrne, D. (1968). Measurement of social choice and interpersonal attractiveness. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 452-525). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
44. Locke, E. A. (1986). Generalizing from laboratory to field: Ecological validity or abstraction of essential elements? In E. A. Locke (Ed.), Generalizing from laboratory to field settings (pp. 3-9). Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
45. Longenecker, C. O., Sims, H. P., & Gioia, D. A. (1987). Behind the mask: The politics of employee appraisal. The Academy of Management Executive, 1, 183-193.
46. Longenecker, C. O., Jaccoud, A. J., Sims, H. P., Jr., & Gioia, D. A. (1992). Quantitative and qualitative investigations of affect in executive judgment. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 41, 21-41.
47. Lowin, A., & Craig, J. R. (1968). The influence of level of performance on managerial style: An experimental object-lesson in the ambiguity of correlational data. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 3, 440-458.
48. Mitchell, T. R., & Liden, R. C. (1982). The effects of the social context on performance evaluations. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 29, 241-256.
49. Murphy, K. R., & Cleveland, J. N. (1991). Performance appraisal: An organizational perspective. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
50. Neisser, U. (1967). Cognitive psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
51. Newcomb, T. M. (1961). The acquaintance process. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
52. Oppler, S. H., Campbell, J. P., Pulakos, E. D., & Borman, W. C. (1992). Three approaches to the investigation of subgroup bias in performance measurement: Review, results, and conclusions. Journal of Applied Psychology Monograph, 77, 201-217.
53. Paglis, L. L., & Williams, L. J. (1996, April). Common method variance: When does it bias OB research results? Poster presented at the annual conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, San Diego, CA.
54. Park, B., & Flink, C. (1989). A social relations analysis of agreement in liking judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 506-518.
55. Podsakoff, P. M., & Organ, D. W. (1986). Self-reports in organizational research: Problems and prospects. Journal of Management, 12, 531-544.
56. Pulakos, E. D., & Wexley, K. N. (1983). Actual similarity, sex, and performance ratings in manager-subordinate dyads. Academy of Management Journal, 26, 129-139.
57. Riordan, C. M., & Shore, L. M. (1997). Demographic diversity and employee attitudes: An empirical examination of relational demography within work units. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 342-358.
58. Robbins, T. L., & DeNisi, A. S. (1994). Interpersonal affect and cognitive processing in performance appraisal: Towards closing the gap. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 341-350.
59. Rubin, Z. (1973). Liking and loving. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
60. Sackett, P. R., & Larson, J. R. (1990). Research strategies and tactics in industrial and organizational psychology. In M. D. Dunnette & L. M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (2nd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 419-490). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
61. Schmidt, F. L., Hunter, J. E., & Outerbridge, A. N. (1986). Impact of job experience and ability on job knowledge, work sample performance, and supervisory ratings of job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 432-439.
62. Schneider, B. (1987). The people make the place. Personnel Psychology, 40, 437-453.
63. Schoorman, F. D. (1988). Escalation bias in performance appraisals: An unintended consequence of supervisor participation in hiring decisions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73, 58-62.
64. Sinclair, R. C. (1988). Mood, categorization breadth, and performance appraisal: The effects of order of information acquisition and affective state on halo, accuracy, information retrieval, and evaluations. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 42, 22-46.
65. Smith, C. A., Organ, D. W., & Near, J. P. (1983). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68, 653-663.
66. Smither, J. W., Collins, H., & Buda, R. (1989). When ratee satisfaction influences performance evaluations: A case of illusory correlation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 599-605.
67. Smither, J. W., Reilly, R. R., & Buda, R. (1988). Effect of prior performance information on ratings of present performance: Contrast versus assimilation revisited. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73, 487-496.
68. Spector, P. E. (1987). Method variance as an artifact in self-reported affect and perceptions at work: Myth or significant problem? Journal of Applied Psychology, 72, 438-443.
69. Stone, E. F., & Ryer, J. A. (1992, May). Stereotype-based biases in performance ratings. Presented at a symposium 'Performance Appraisal Processes: Effects of Rater Stereotypes, Expectations, and Affect', Conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Montreal, Canada.
70. Tsui, A. S., & Barry, B. (1986). Interpersonal affect and rating errors. Academy of Management Journal, 29, 586-589.
71. Tsui, A. S., Egan, T. D., & O'Reilly, C. A. (1992). Being different: Relational demography and organizational attachment. Administrative Science Quarterly, 37, 549-579.
72. Tsui, A. S., & O'Reilly, C. A., III. (1989). Beyond simple demographic effects: The importance of relational demography in superior-subordinate dyads. Academy of Management Journal, 32, 402-423.
73. Turban, D. B., & Jones, A. P. (1988). Supervisor-subordinate similarity: Types, effects, and mechanisms. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73, 228-234.
74. Turban, D. B., Jones, A. P., & Rozelle, R. M. (1990, April). Influences of supervisor affect towards the subordinate on interactions with and evaluations of that subordinate. Paper presented at the Fifth Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Miami, FL.
75. Varma, A., Denisi, A. S., & Peters, L. H. (1996). Interpersonal affect and performance appraisal. Personnel Psychology, 49, 341-360.
76. Wayne, S. J., & Ferris, G. R. (1990). Influence tactics, affect, and exchange quality in supervisor-subordinate interactions: A laboratory experiment and field study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 487-499.
77. Wayne, S. J., & Liden, R. C. (1995). Effects of impression management on performance ratings: A longitudinal study. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 232-260.
78. Wayne, S. J., Liden, R. C., Graf, I. K., & Ferris, G. R. (1997). The role of upward influence tactics in human resource decisions. Personnel Psychology, 50, 979-1006.
79. Werner, J. (1994). Dimensions that make a difference: Examining the impact of in-role and extrarole behaviors on supervisory ratings. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 98-107.
80. Werner, C., & Parmelee, P. (1979). Similarity of activity preferences among friends: Those who play together stay together. Social Psychology Quarterly, 42, 62-66.
81. Williams, K. J., DeNisi, A., Blencoe, A. G., & Cafferty, T. (1985). The role of appraisal purpose: Effects of purpose on information acquisition and utilization. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 35, 314-339.
82. Williams, K. J., DeNisi, A. S., Meglino, B. M., & Cafferty, T. P. (1986). Initial decisions and subsequent performance ratings. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 189-195.
83. Williams, L. J., Cote, J. A., & Buckley, M. R. (1989). Lack of method variance in self-reported affect and perceptions at work: Reality or artifact? Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 462-468.
84. Zajonc, R. B. (1980). Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences. American Psychologist, 35, 151-175.