Effects of Coulomb interactions on spin states in vertical semiconductor quantum dots

Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing

Volumn 71, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 367-378

  Tarucha, S ^a,b   Austing, D G ^b   Sasaki, S ^b   Tokura, Y ^b   Van Der Wiel, W ^c   Kouwenhoven, L P ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

^b Kashino Diverse Brain Research Laboratory of NTT Communication Science Laboratories   (Japan)

^c DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANISOTROPY; GROUND STATE; MAGNETIC FIELD EFFECTS;

COULOMB INTERACTIONS;

SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS;

EID: 0034288611     PISSN: 09478396     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s003390000550     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. S. Tarucha, Y. Hirayama, T. Saku, Y. Tokura: Proc. of the Int. Workshop on Science and Technology of Mesoscopic Structures, ed. by S. Namba, C. Hamaguchi, T. Ando (Springer, Hong Kong 1992) p. 243
2. For reviews, Mesoscopic Phenomena in Solids, ed. by B.L. Altshuler, P.A. Lee, R.A. Webb (Elsevier, 1991); U. Meirav, E.B. Foxman, Semicond. Sci. Technol. 11, 255 (1996); Proc. of the NATO Advance Study Institute on Mesoscopic Electron Transport, ed. by L.L. Sohn, L.P. Kouwenhoven, G. Schoen (Kluwer, Dordrecht, Netherlands, Series E, 345, 105, 1997)
3. For reviews, Mesoscopic Phenomena in Solids, ed. by B.L. Altshuler, P.A. Lee, R.A. Webb (Elsevier, 1991); U. Meirav, E.B. Foxman, Semicond. Sci. Technol. 11, 255 (1996); Proc. of the NATO Advance Study Institute on Mesoscopic Electron Transport, ed. by L.L. Sohn, L.P. Kouwenhoven, G. Schoen (Kluwer, Dordrecht, Netherlands, Series E, 345, 105, 1997)
4. For reviews, Mesoscopic Phenomena in Solids, ed. by B.L. Altshuler, P.A. Lee, R.A. Webb (Elsevier, 1991); U. Meirav, E.B. Foxman, Semicond. Sci. Technol. 11, 255 (1996); Proc. of the NATO Advance Study Institute on Mesoscopic Electron Transport, ed. by L.L. Sohn, L.P. Kouwenhoven, G. Schoen (Kluwer, Dordrecht, Netherlands, Series E, 345, 105, 1997)
5. M. Reed: Scientific American 268, 118 (1993); M.A. Kastner: Phys. Today 46, 24 (1993); R.C. Ashoori: Nature 379, 413 (1996)
6. M. Reed: Scientific American 268, 118 (1993); M.A. Kastner: Phys. Today 46, 24 (1993); R.C. Ashoori: Nature 379, 413 (1996)
7. M. Reed: Scientific American 268, 118 (1993); M.A. Kastner: Phys. Today 46, 24 (1993); R.C. Ashoori: Nature 379, 413 (1996)
8. D.G. Austing, T. Honda, S. Tarucha: Semicond. Sci. Technol. 11, 1995 (1995)
9. S. Tarucha, D.G. Austing, T. Honda, R.J. van der Hage, L.P. Kouwenhoven: Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3613 (1996); S. Tarucha, T. Honda, D.G. Austing, Y. Tokura, K. Muraki, T.H. Oosterkamp, J.W. Janssen, L.P. Kouwenhoven: Physica E 3, 112 (1998)
10. S. Tarucha, D.G. Austing, T. Honda, R.J. van der Hage, L.P. Kouwenhoven: Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3613 (1996); S. Tarucha, T. Honda, D.G. Austing, Y. Tokura, K. Muraki, T.H. Oosterkamp, J.W. Janssen, L.P. Kouwenhoven: Physica E 3, 112 (1998)
11. See experiments in: S. Tarucha, D.G. Austing, T. Honda, R.J. van der Hage, L.P. Kouwenhoven: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36, 3917 (1997); S. Sasaki, D.G. Austing, S. Tarucha: Physica B 256-258, 157 (1998)
12. See experiments in: S. Tarucha, D.G. Austing, T. Honda, R.J. van der Hage, L.P. Kouwenhoven: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36, 3917 (1997); S. Sasaki, D.G. Austing, S. Tarucha: Physica B 256-258, 157 (1998)
13. See calculations on single-particle states in: A.V. Madhav, T. Chakraborty: Phys. Rev. B 49, 8163 (1994); interaction effects using exact diagonalization approach in: T. Ezaki, Y. Sugimoto, N. Mori, C. Hamaguchi: Semicond. Sci. Technol. 13. A1 (1998); using spin density functional theory in: S.M. Reimann, M. Koskinen, M. Manninen: Phys. Rev. B 59, 1613 (1999); S.M. Reimann, M. Koskinen, J. Kolehmainen, M. Manninen, D.G. Austing, S. Tarucha: Eur. J. Phys. D 9, 105 (1999)
14. See calculations on single-particle states in: A.V. Madhav, T. Chakraborty: Phys. Rev. B 49, 8163 (1994); interaction effects using exact diagonalization approach in: T. Ezaki, Y. Sugimoto, N. Mori, C. Hamaguchi: Semicond. Sci. Technol. 13. A1 (1998); using spin density functional theory in: S.M. Reimann, M. Koskinen, M. Manninen: Phys. Rev. B 59, 1613 (1999); S.M. Reimann, M. Koskinen, J. Kolehmainen, M. Manninen, D.G. Austing, S. Tarucha: Eur. J. Phys. D 9, 105 (1999)
15. See calculations on single-particle states in: A.V. Madhav, T. Chakraborty: Phys. Rev. B 49, 8163 (1994); interaction effects using exact diagonalization approach in: T. Ezaki, Y. Sugimoto, N. Mori, C. Hamaguchi: Semicond. Sci. Technol. 13. A1 (1998); using spin density functional theory in: S.M. Reimann, M. Koskinen, M. Manninen: Phys. Rev. B 59, 1613 (1999); S.M. Reimann, M. Koskinen, J. Kolehmainen, M. Manninen, D.G. Austing, S. Tarucha: Eur. J. Phys. D 9, 105 (1999)
16. See calculations on single-particle states in: A.V. Madhav, T. Chakraborty: Phys. Rev. B 49, 8163 (1994); interaction effects using exact diagonalization approach in: T. Ezaki, Y. Sugimoto, N. Mori, C. Hamaguchi: Semicond. Sci. Technol. 13. A1 (1998); using spin density functional theory in: S.M. Reimann, M. Koskinen, M. Manninen: Phys. Rev. B 59, 1613 (1999); S.M. Reimann, M. Koskinen, J. Kolehmainen, M. Manninen, D.G. Austing, S. Tarucha: Eur. J. Phys. D 9, 105 (1999)
17. D.R. Stewart, D. Sprinzak, C.M. Marcus, C.I. Duruoez, J.S. Harris Jr.: Science 278, 1784 (1997)
18. L.P. Kouwenhoven, T.H. Oosterkamp, M.W.S. Danoesastro, M. Eto, D.G. Austing, T. Honda, S. Tarucha: Science 278, 1788 (1997)
19. V. Fock: Z. Phys. 47, 446 (1928); C.G. Darwin: Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 27, 86 (1930)
20. V. Fock: Z. Phys. 47, 446 (1928); C.G. Darwin: Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 27, 86 (1930)
21. P.L. McEuen, E.B. Foxman, J. Kinaret, U. Meirav, M.A. Kastner, N.S. Wingreen, S.J. Wind: Phys. Rev. B 45, 11 419 (1992); P.L. McEuen, N.S. Wingreen, E.B. Foxman, J. Kinaret, U. Meirav, M.A. Kastner, Y. Meier, S.J. Wind: Physica B 189, 70 (1993); P. Hawrylak, C. Gould, A. Sachrajda, Y. Feng, Z. Wasilewski: Phys. Rev. B 59, 2801 (1999); see for our disk-shaped dot in: D.G. Ausing, Y. Tokura, T. Honda, S. Tarucha, M. Danoesastro, J. Janssen, T.H. Oosterkamp, L.P. Kouwenhoven: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 38, 372 (1999)
22. P.L. McEuen, E.B. Foxman, J. Kinaret, U. Meirav, M.A. Kastner, N.S. Wingreen, S.J. Wind: Phys. Rev. B 45, 11 419 (1992); P.L. McEuen, N.S. Wingreen, E.B. Foxman, J. Kinaret, U. Meirav, M.A. Kastner, Y. Meier, S.J. Wind: Physica B 189, 70 (1993); P. Hawrylak, C. Gould, A. Sachrajda, Y. Feng, Z. Wasilewski: Phys. Rev. B 59, 2801 (1999); see for our disk-shaped dot in: D.G. Ausing, Y. Tokura, T. Honda, S. Tarucha, M. Danoesastro, J. Janssen, T.H. Oosterkamp, L.P. Kouwenhoven: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 38, 372 (1999)
23. P.L. McEuen, E.B. Foxman, J. Kinaret, U. Meirav, M.A. Kastner, N.S. Wingreen, S.J. Wind: Phys. Rev. B 45, 11 419 (1992); P.L. McEuen, N.S. Wingreen, E.B. Foxman, J. Kinaret, U. Meirav, M.A. Kastner, Y. Meier, S.J. Wind: Physica B 189, 70 (1993); P. Hawrylak, C. Gould, A. Sachrajda, Y. Feng, Z. Wasilewski: Phys. Rev. B 59, 2801 (1999); see for our disk-shaped dot in: D.G. Ausing, Y. Tokura, T. Honda, S. Tarucha, M. Danoesastro, J. Janssen, T.H. Oosterkamp, L.P. Kouwenhoven: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 38, 372 (1999)
24. P.L. McEuen, E.B. Foxman, J. Kinaret, U. Meirav, M.A. Kastner, N.S. Wingreen, S.J. Wind: Phys. Rev. B 45, 11 419 (1992); P.L. McEuen, N.S. Wingreen, E.B. Foxman, J. Kinaret, U. Meirav, M.A. Kastner, Y. Meier, S.J. Wind: Physica B 189, 70 (1993); P. Hawrylak, C. Gould, A. Sachrajda, Y. Feng, Z. Wasilewski: Phys. Rev. B 59, 2801 (1999); see for our disk-shaped dot in: D.G. Ausing, Y. Tokura, T. Honda, S. Tarucha, M. Danoesastro, J. Janssen, T.H. Oosterkamp, L.P. Kouwenhoven: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 38, 372 (1999)
25. First proposal is given by: M. Wagner, U. Merkt, A.V. Chaplik: Phys. Rev. B 45, 1951 (1992); see for experimental evidence in: B. Su, V.J. Goldman, J.E. Cunningham: Phys. Rev. B 46, 7644 (1992); R.C. Ashoori, H.L. Stoermer, J.S. Weiner, L.N. Pfeiffer, K.W. Baldwin, K.W. West: Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 613 (1993)
26. First proposal is given by: M. Wagner, U. Merkt, A.V. Chaplik: Phys. Rev. B 45, 1951 (1992); see for experimental evidence in: B. Su, V.J. Goldman, J.E. Cunningham: Phys. Rev. B 46, 7644 (1992); R.C. Ashoori, H.L. Stoermer, J.S. Weiner, L.N. Pfeiffer, K.W. Baldwin, K.W. West: Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 613 (1993)
27. First proposal is given by: M. Wagner, U. Merkt, A.V. Chaplik: Phys. Rev. B 45, 1951 (1992); see for experimental evidence in: B. Su, V.J. Goldman, J.E. Cunningham: Phys. Rev. B 46, 7644 (1992); R.C. Ashoori, H.L. Stoermer, J.S. Weiner, L.N. Pfeiffer, K.W. Baldwin, K.W. West: Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 613 (1993)
28. A.L. MacDonald, S.R.E. Yang, M.D. Johnson: Aust. J. Phys. 46, 345 (1993); see for our circular dot in: T.H. Oosterkamp, J.W. Janssen, L.P. Kouwenhoven, D.G. Austing, T. Honda, S. Tarucha: Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 2931 (1999)
29. A.L. MacDonald, S.R.E. Yang, M.D. Johnson: Aust. J. Phys. 46, 345 (1993); see for our circular dot in: T.H. Oosterkamp, J.W. Janssen, L.P. Kouwenhoven, D.G. Austing, T. Honda, S. Tarucha: Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 2931 (1999)
30. There are various calculations consistent with our experiment; exact calculation for N < 7 by: A. Wojs, P. Hawrylak: Phys. Rev. B 53, 10841 (1996); M. Eto: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36, 3924 (1997); Hartree- Fock calculations for N > 8 by: A. Natori, Y. Sugimoto, M. Fujito: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36, 3960 (1997); H. Tamura: Physica B 249-251, 210 (1998); M. Rontani, F. Rossi, F. Maghi, E. Molinari: Phys. Rev. B 59, 10 165 (1999); Spin density-functional theory at B = 0 T by: I.-H. Lee, V. Rao, R.M. Martin, J.-P. Leburton: Phys. Rev. B 57, 9035 (1998); M. Koskinen, M. Manninen, S.M. Reimann: Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1817 (1997); and also at non-zero B by: O. Steffen, U. Rossler, M. Suhrke: Europhys. Lett. 42, 529 (1998)
31. There are various calculations consistent with our experiment; exact calculation for N < 7 by: A. Wojs, P. Hawrylak: Phys. Rev. B 53, 10841 (1996); M. Eto: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36, 3924 (1997); Hartree- Fock calculations for N > 8 by: A. Natori, Y. Sugimoto, M. Fujito: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36, 3960 (1997); H. Tamura: Physica B 249-251, 210 (1998); M. Rontani, F. Rossi, F. Maghi, E. Molinari: Phys. Rev. B 59, 10 165 (1999); Spin density-functional theory at B = 0 T by: I.-H. Lee, V. Rao, R.M. Martin, J.-P. Leburton: Phys. Rev. B 57, 9035 (1998); M. Koskinen, M. Manninen, S.M. Reimann: Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1817 (1997); and also at non-zero B by: O. Steffen, U. Rossler, M. Suhrke: Europhys. Lett. 42, 529 (1998)
32. There are various calculations consistent with our experiment; exact calculation for N < 7 by: A. Wojs, P. Hawrylak: Phys. Rev. B 53, 10841 (1996); M. Eto: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36, 3924 (1997); Hartree-Fock calculations for N > 8 by: A. Natori, Y. Sugimoto, M. Fujito: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36, 3960 (1997); H. Tamura: Physica B 249-251, 210 (1998); M. Rontani, F. Rossi, F. Maghi, E. Molinari: Phys. Rev. B 59, 10 165 (1999); Spin density-functional theory at B = 0 T by: I.-H. Lee, V. Rao, R.M. Martin, J.-P. Leburton: Phys. Rev. B 57, 9035 (1998); M. Koskinen, M. Manninen, S.M. Reimann: Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1817 (1997); and also at non-zero B by: O. Steffen, U. Rossler, M. Suhrke: Europhys. Lett. 42, 529 (1998)
33. There are various calculations consistent with our experiment; exact calculation for N < 7 by: A. Wojs, P. Hawrylak: Phys. Rev. B 53, 10841 (1996); M. Eto: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36, 3924 (1997); Hartree- Fock calculations for N > 8 by: A. Natori, Y. Sugimoto, M. Fujito: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36, 3960 (1997); H. Tamura: Physica B 249-251, 210 (1998); M. Rontani, F. Rossi, F. Maghi, E. Molinari: Phys. Rev. B 59, 10 165 (1999); Spin density-functional theory at B = 0 T by: I.-H. Lee, V. Rao, R.M. Martin, J.-P. Leburton: Phys. Rev. B 57, 9035 (1998); M. Koskinen, M. Manninen, S.M. Reimann: Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1817 (1997); and also at non-zero B by: O. Steffen, U. Rossler, M. Suhrke: Europhys. Lett. 42, 529 (1998)
34. There are various calculations consistent with our experiment; exact calculation for N < 7 by: A. Wojs, P. Hawrylak: Phys. Rev. B 53, 10841 (1996); M. Eto: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36, 3924 (1997); Hartree- Fock calculations for N > 8 by: A. Natori, Y. Sugimoto, M. Fujito: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36, 3960 (1997); H. Tamura: Physica B 249-251, 210 (1998); M. Rontani, F. Rossi, F. Maghi, E. Molinari: Phys. Rev. B 59, 10 165 (1999); Spin density-functional theory at B = 0 T by: I.-H. Lee, V. Rao, R.M. Martin, J.-P. Leburton: Phys. Rev. B 57, 9035 (1998); M. Koskinen, M. Manninen, S.M. Reimann: Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1817 (1997); and also at non-zero B by: O. Steffen, U. Rossler, M. Suhrke: Europhys. Lett. 42, 529 (1998)
35. There are various calculations consistent with our experiment; exact calculation for N < 7 by: A. Wojs, P. Hawrylak: Phys. Rev. B 53, 10841 (1996); M. Eto: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36, 3924 (1997); Hartree- Fock calculations for N > 8 by: A. Natori, Y. Sugimoto, M. Fujito: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36, 3960 (1997); H. Tamura: Physica B 249-251, 210 (1998); M. Rontani, F. Rossi, F. Maghi, E. Molinari: Phys. Rev. B 59, 10 165 (1999); Spin density-functional theory at B = 0 T by: I.-H. Lee, V. Rao, R.M. Martin, J.-P. Leburton: Phys. Rev. B 57, 9035 (1998); M. Koskinen, M. Manninen, S.M. Reimann: Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1817 (1997); and also at non-zero B by: O. Steffen, U. Rossler, M. Suhrke: Europhys. Lett. 42, 529 (1998)
36. There are various calculations consistent with our experiment; exact calculation for N < 7 by: A. Wojs, P. Hawrylak: Phys. Rev. B 53, 10841 (1996); M. Eto: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36, 3924 (1997); Hartree- Fock calculations for N > 8 by: A. Natori, Y. Sugimoto, M. Fujito: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36, 3960 (1997); H. Tamura: Physica B 249-251, 210 (1998); M. Rontani, F. Rossi, F. Maghi, E. Molinari: Phys. Rev. B 59, 10 165 (1999); Spin density-functional theory at B = 0 T by: I.-H. Lee, V. Rao, R.M. Martin, J.-P. Leburton: Phys. Rev. B 57, 9035 (1998); M. Koskinen, M. Manninen, S.M. Reimann: Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1817 (1997); and also at non-zero B by: O. Steffen, U. Rossler, M. Suhrke: Europhys. Lett. 42, 529 (1998)
37. There are various calculations consistent with our experiment; exact calculation for N < 7 by: A. Wojs, P. Hawrylak: Phys. Rev. B 53, 10841 (1996); M. Eto: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36, 3924 (1997); Hartree- Fock calculations for N > 8 by: A. Natori, Y. Sugimoto, M. Fujito: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36, 3960 (1997); H. Tamura: Physica B 249-251, 210 (1998); M. Rontani, F. Rossi, F. Maghi, E. Molinari: Phys. Rev. B 59, 10 165 (1999); Spin density-functional theory at B = 0 T by: I.-H. Lee, V. Rao, R.M. Martin, J.-P. Leburton: Phys. Rev. B 57, 9035 (1998); M. Koskinen, M. Manninen, S.M. Reimann: Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1817 (1997); and also at non-zero B by: O. Steffen, U. Rossler, M. Suhrke: Europhys. Lett. 42, 529 (1998)
38. D.G. Austing, S. Sasaki, S. Tarucha, S.M. Reimann, M. Koskinen, M. Manninen: Phys. Rev. B 60, 11 514 (1999)