What and when: Parallel and convergent processing in motor control

Journal of Neuroscience

Volumn 20, Issue 7, 2000, Pages 2691-2700

  Sakai, Katsuyuki ^a,b   Hikosaka, Okihide ^a   Takino, Ryousuke ^c   Miyauchi, Satoru ^d   Nielsen, Matthew ^d   Tamada, Tomoe ^e  

^a JUNTENDO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

^c Shiraume Gakuen University   (Japan)

^d NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY   (Japan)

^e JAPAN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AGENCY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Cerebellum; Lateral premotor cortex; Medial premotor cortex; Motor execution; Parallel processing; Response selection; Timing adjustment

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CEREBELLUM; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; INFORMATION PROCESSING; LOCOMOTION; MALE; MOTOR CONTROL; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PREMOTOR CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REACTION TIME; RESPONSE TIME;

EID: 0034175507     PISSN: 02706474     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.20-07-02691.2000     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Allen G, Buxton RB, Wong EC, Courchesne E (1997) Attentional activation of the cerebellum independent of motor involvement. Science 275:1940-1943.
2. Barbas H, Pandya DN (1987) Architecture and frontal cortical connections of the premotor cortex (area 6) in the rhesus monkey. J Comp Neurol 256:211-228.
3. Bates JF, Goldman-Rakic PS (1993) Prefrontal connections of medial motor areas in the rhesus monkey. J Comp Neurol 336:211-228.
4. Benedict RHB, Lockwood AH, Shucard JL, Shucard DW, Wack D, Murphy BW (1998) Functional neuroimaging of attention in the auditory modality. NeuroReport 9:121-126.
5. Blatt GJ, Andersen RA, Stoner GR (1990) Visual receptive field organization and cortico-cortical connections of the lateral intraparietal area (area LIP) in the macaque. J Comp Neurol 299:421-445.
6. Chen Y-C, Thaler D, Nixon PD, Stern CE, Passingham RE (1995) The functions of the medial premotor cortex II. The timing and selection of learned movements. Exp Brain Res 102:461-473.
7. Dassonville P, Lewis SM, Zhu XH, Ugurhil K, Kim SG, Ashe J (1998) Effects of movement predictability on cortical motor activation. Neurosci Res 32:65-74.
8. Deiber M-P, Ibanez V, Sadato N, Hallett M (1996) Cerebral structures participating in motor preparation in humans: a positron emission tomography study. J Neurophysiol 75:233-247.
9. Dum RP, Strick PL (1993) Cingulate motor areas. In: Neurobiology of cingulate cortex and limbic thalamus (Vogt BA, Gabriel M, eds), pp 415-441. Boston: Birkhauser.
10. Fink GR, Frackowiak RSJ, Pietrzyk U, Passingham RE (1997) Multiple nonprimary motor areas in the human cortex. J Neurophysiol 77:2164-2174.
11. Frowein HW, Sanders AF (1978) Effects of stimulus degradation, S-R compatibility and foreperiod duration on choice reaction time and movement times. Bull Psychon Soc 12:106-108.
12. Frowein HW, Reitsma D, Aquarius C (1981) Effects of two counteracting stresses on the reaction process. In: Attention and performance IX (Long J, Baddely A, eds), pp 575-589. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
13. Gruart A, Yeo CH (1995) Cerebellar cortex and eyeblink conditioning: bilateral regulation of conditioned responses. Exp Brain Res 104:431-448.
14. Humberstone M, Sawle GV, Clare S, Hykin J, Coxon R, Bowtell R, Macdonald IA, Morris PG (1997) Functional magnetic resonance imaging of single motor events reveals human presupplementary motor area. Ann Neurol 42:632-637.
15. Iacoboni M, Woods RP, Mazziotta JC (1998) Bimodal (auditory and visual) left frontoparietal circuitry for sensorimotor integration and sensorimotor learning. Brain 121:2135-2143.
16. Ikeda A, Yazawa S, Kunieda T, Ohara S, Terada K, Mikuni N, Nagamine T, Taki W, Kimura J, Shibasaki H (1999) Cognitive motor control in human pre-supplementary motor area studied by subdural recording of discrimination/selection-related potentials. Brain 122:915-931.
17. Ito M (1984) The cerebellum and neural control. New York: Raven,
18. Ivry RI, Keele SW (1989) Timing functions of the cerebellum. J Cogn Neurosci 1:134-150.
19. Ivry RI, Keele SW, Diener HC (1988) Dissociation of the lateral and medial cerebellum in movement timing and movement execution. Exp Brain Res 73:167-180.
20. Jueptner M, Rijntjes M, Weiller C, Faiss JH, Timmann D, Mueller SP, Diener HC (1995) Localization of a cerebellar timing process using PET. Neurology 45:1540-1545.
21. Kalaska JF, Caminiti R, Gcorgopoulos AP (1983) Cortical mechanisms related to the direction of two-dimensional arm movements: relations in parietal area 5 and comparison with motor cortex. Exp Brain Res 51:247-260.
22. Kitazawa S, Kimura T, Yin P-B (1998) Cerebellar complex spikes encode both destinations and errors in arm movements. Nature 392:494-497.
23. Kurata K (1991) Corticocortical inputs to the dorsal and ventral aspects of the premotor cortex of macaque monkeys. Neurosci Res 12:263-280.
24. Kurata K (1993) Premotor cortex of monkeys: set- and movement-related activity reflecting amplitude and direction of wrist movements. J Neurophysiol 69:187-200.
25. Larsell O, Jansen J (1972) The comparative anatomy and histology of the cerebellum: the human cerebellum, cerebellar connections, and cerebellar cortex. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota.
26. Luppino G, Matelli M, Camarda R, Rizzolatti G (1993) Corticocortical connections of area F3 (SMA-proper) and area F6 (pre-SMA) in the macaque monkey. J Comp Neurol 338:114-140.
27. Mackay WA, Crammond DJ (1987) Neuronal correlates in posterior parietal lobe of the expectation of events. Behav Brain Res 24:167-179.
28. Matsuzaka Y, Tanji J (1996) Changing directions of forthcoming arm movements: neuronal activity in the presupplementary and supplementary motor area of monkey cerebral cortex. J Neurophysiol 76:2327-2342.
29. Mauritz K-H, Wise SP (1986) Premotor cortex of the monkey: neuronal activity in anticipation of predictive environmental events. Exp Brain Res 61:229-244.
30. May JG, Andersen RA (1986) Different patterns of corticopontine projections from separate cortical fields within the inferior parietal lobule and dorsal prelunate gyrus of the macaques. Exp Brain Res 63:265-278.
31. McAdams CJ, Maunsell JHR (1999) Effects of attention on orientation-tuning functions of single neurons in macaque cortical area V4. J Neurosci 19:431-441.
32. Middleton FA, Strick PL (1997) Cerebellar output channels. Int Rev Neurobiol 41:61-82.
33. Moran J, Desimone R (1985) Selective attention gates visual processing in the extrastriate cortex. Science 229:782-784.
34. Nichelli P, Alway D, Grafman J (1996) Perceptual timing in cerebcllar degeneration. Neuropsychologia 34:863-871.
35. Pardo JV, Pardo PJ, Janer KW, Raiehle ME (1990) The anterior cingulate cortex mediates processing selection in the Stroop attentional conflict paradigm. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:256-259.
36. Passingham RE (1993) The frontal lobes and voluntary action. Oxford: Oxford UP.
37. Penhune VB, Zattore RJ, Evans AC (1998) Cerebellar contributions to motor timing. J Cogn Neurosci 10:752-765.
38. Perrett SP, Ruiz BP, Mauk MD (1993) Cerebellar cortex lesions disrupt learning-dependent timing of conditioned eyelid responses. J Neurosci 13:1708-1718.
39. Petit L, Courtney SM, Ungerleider LG, Haxby JV (1998) Sustained activity in the medial wall during working memory delays. J Neurosci 18:9429-9437.
40. Picard N, Strick PL (1996) Motor areas of the medial wall: a review of their location and functional activation. Cereb Cortex 6:342-353.
41. Posner MI, Klein R, Summers J, Buggie S (1973) On the selection of signals. Mem Cognit 1:2-12.
42. Price CJ, Friston KJ (1997) Cognitive conjunctions: a new approach to brain activation experiments. NeuroImage 5:261-270.
43. Rao SM, Harrington DL, Haaland KY, Bohholz JA, Cox RW, Binder JR (1997) Distributed neural systems underlying the timing of movements. J Neurosci 17:5528-5535.
44. Rivier F, Clarke S (1997) Cytochrome oxidase, acetylcholinesterase, and NADPH-diaphorase staining in human supratemporal and insular cortex: evidence for multiple auditory areas. Neurolmage 6:288-304.
45. Rizzolatti G, Luppino G, Matelli M (1998) The organization of the cortical motor system: new concepts. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 106:283-296.
46. Rushworth MFS, Nixon PD, Renowden S, Wade DT, Passingham RE (1997) The left parietal cortex and motor attention. Neuropsychologia 35:1261-1273.
47. Sakai K, Takino R, Hikosaka O, Miyauchi S, Sasaki Y, Pütz B, Fujimaki N (1998) Separate cerebellar areas for motor control. NeuroReport 9:2359-2363.
48. Sakai K, Hikosaka O, Miyauchi S, Sasaki Y, Fujimaki N, Pütz B (1999a) Pre-SMA activation during sequence learning reflects visuo-motor association. J Neurosci 19:RC1 (1-6).
49. Sakai K, Hikosaka O, Miyauchi S, Takino R, Tamada T, Iwata NK, Nielsen M (1999b) Neural representation of a rhythm depends on its interval ratio. J Neurosci 19:10074-10081.
50. Sanders AF (1977) Structural and functional aspects of the reaction process. In: Attention and performance VI (Dornic S, ed) pp 3-25. New York: Academic.
51. Schmahmann JD (1996) From movement to thought: anatomic substrates of the cerebellar contribution to cognitive processing. Hum Brain Mapp 4:174-198.
52. Sereno MI, Dale AM, Reppas JB, Kwong KK, Belliveau JW, Brady TJ, Rosen BR, Tootell RBH (1995) Borders of multiple visual areas in humans revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Science 268:889-893.
53. Shima K, Tanji J (1998) Role for cingulate motor area cells in voluntary movement selection based on reward. Science 282:1335-1338.
54. Shima K, Mushiake H, Saito N, Tanji J (1996) Role for cells in the presupplementary motor area in updating motor plans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:8694-8698.
55. Snyder LH, Batista AP, Andersen RA (1997) Coding of intention in the posterior parietal cortex. Nature 386:167-170.
56. Sternberg S (1969) The discovery of processing stages: extensions of Donder's method. In: Attention and performance II (Koster WG, ed), pp 276-314. Amsterdam: North Holland.
57. Talairach J, Tournoux P (1988) Co-planar stereotaxic atlas of the human brain. New York: Thieme.
58. Tanji J (1996) New concepts of the supplementary motor area. Curr Opin Neurobiol 6:782-787.
59. Tanji J, Kurata K (1985) Contrasting neuronal activity in supplementary and precentral motor cortex of monkeys. I. Responses to instructions determining motor responses to forthcoming signals of different modalities. J Neurophysiol 53:129-141.
60. Thach WT, Goodkin HP, Keating JG (1992) The cerebellum and the adaptive coordination of movement. Annu Rev Neurosci 15:403-442.
61. Tzourio N, Massioui FE, Crivello F, Joliot M, Renault B, Mazoyer B (1997) Functional anatomy of human auditory attention studied with PET. NeuroImage 5:63-77.
62. Wise SP, Boussaoud D, Johnson PB, Caminiti R (1997) Premotor and parietal cortex: corticocortical connectivity and combinatorial computations. Annu Rev Neurosci 20:25-42.
63. Woodruff PWR, Benson RR, Bandettini PA, Kwong KK, Howard RJ, Talavage T, Belliveau RJ, Rosen BR (1996) Modulation of auditory and visual cortex by selective attention is modality-dependent. NeuroReport 7:1909-1913.
64. Yeo CH, Hardiman MJ (1992) Cerebellar cortex and eyeblink conditioning: a reexamination. Exp Brain Res 88:623-638.
65. Zeki S, Marini L (1998) Three cortical stages of colour processing in the human brain. Brain 121:1669-1685.
66. Zeki S, Watson JDG, Lueck CJ, Friston KJ, Kennard C, Frackowiak RSJ (1991) A direct demonstration of functional specialization in human visual cortex. J Neurosci 11:641-649.