Cholesterol, stroke risk, and stroke prevention

Current Atherosclerosis Reports

Volumn 2, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 92-96

  Ansell, Benjamin J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial; Pravastatin; Statin; Stroke Prevention; Stroke Risk

Indexed keywords

CHOLESTEROL; HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIC AGENT;

ANIMAL; ARTERIOSCLEROSIS; BLOOD; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; HUMAN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR;

ANIMALS; ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENTS; ARTERIOSCLEROSIS; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CHOLESTEROL; HUMANS; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 0034157101     PISSN: 15233804     EISSN: 15346242     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11883-000-0101-5     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Iso H, Jacobs DR, Wentworth D, et al.: Serum cholesterol levels and six-year mortality from stroke in 350,977 men screened for the multiple risk factor intervention trial. N Engl J Med 1989, 320:904–910. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM198904063201405
2. Okumura K, Iseki K, Wakugami K, et al.: Low serum cholesterol as a risk factor for hemorrhagic stroke in men: a community-based mass screening in Okinawa, Japan. Japan Circ J 1999, 63:53–58. DOI: 10.1253/jcj.63.53
3. Eastern Stroke and Coronary Heart Disease Collaborative Research Group: Blood pressure, cholesterol, and stroke risk in eastern Asia. Lancet 1998, 352:1801–1807. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)61359-1
4. Ibarren C, Jacobs DR, Sadler, M, et al.: Low total serum cholesterol and intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke: is the association confined to elderly men? Stroke 1996, 27:1193–1198.
5. Davis BR, Vogt T, Frost PH, et al.: Risk factors for stroke and type of stroke in persons with isolated systolic hypertension. Stroke 1998, 29:1333–1340.
6. Tanne D, Yaari S, Goldbourt U: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and risk of ischemic stroke mortality. A 21-year follow-up of 8586 men from the Israeli Ischemic Heart Disease Study. Stroke 1997, 28:83–87.
7. Aronow WS, Ahn C, Kronzon I, Gutstein H, et al.: Risk factors for new thromboembolic stroke in patients ≥62 years of age with chronic atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 1998, 82:119–121. DOI: 10.1016/S0002-9149(98)00247-1
8. Peng DQ, Zhao SP, Wang JL: Lipoprotein (a) and apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 as independent risk factors for ischemic stroke. J Cardiovasc Risk 1999, 6:1–6.
9. Dyker AG, Weir CJ, Lees KR: Influence of cholesterol on survival after stroke: retrospective study. Br Med J 1997, 314:1584–1588.
10. Hebert PR, Gaziano JM, Hennekens CH: An overview of trials of cholesteol lowering and risk of stroke. Arch Intern Med 1995, 155:50–55. DOI: 10.1001/archinte.155.1.50
11. Atkins D, Psaty BM, Koepsell TD, et al.: Cholesterol reduction and the risk for stroke in men: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med 1993, 119:136.
12. Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994, 344:1383–1389. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)90566-5
13. Plehn JF, Davis BR, Sacks, FM, et al.: Reduction of stroke incidence after myocardial infarction with pravastatin: the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) study. Circulation. 1999, 99:216–223.
14. The LIPID Study Group: Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med 1998, 339:1349–1357. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199811053391902
15. Crouse JR, Byington RP, Furberg CD: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor therapy and stroke risk reduction: an analysis of clinical trials data. Atherosclerosis 1998, 138:11–24. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9150(98)00014-8
16. Crouse JR, Byington RP, Hoen HM, Furberg CD: Reductase inhibitor monotherapy and stroke prevention. Arch Intern Med 1997, 157:1305–1310. DOI: 10.1001/archinte.157.12.1305
17. Blauw GJ, Legaay AM, Smelt AH, Westendorp RG: Stroke, statins, and cholesterol: a meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials with HMG CoA reductase inhibitors. Stroke 1997, 28:946–950.
18. Hebert PR, Gaziano M, Chan KS, Hennekens CH: Cholesterol lowering with statin drugs, risk of stroke, and total mortality. JAMA 1997, 278:313–321. DOI: 10.1001/jama.278.4.313
19. Bucher HC, Griffeth LE, Guyatt GH: Effect of HMGcoA reductase inhibitors on stroke: a meta analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med 1998, 128:88–95.
20. Ross SD, Allen IE, Connelly JE, et al.: Clinical outcomes in statin treatment trials: a meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 1999,159:1793–1802. DOI: 10.1001/archinte.159.15.1793
21. Byington RP, Furberg CD, Crouse JR: Pravastatin, lipids, and atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries (PLAC-II). Am J Cardiol 1995, 76:54C-59C. DOI: 10.1016/S0002-9149(99)80471-8
22. Probstfield JL, Margitic SE, Byington RP, et al.: Results of the primary outcome measure and clinical events from the asymptomatic carotid artery progression study. Am J Cardiol 1995, 76:47C-53C. DOI: 10.1016/S0002-9149(99)80470-6
23. Furberg CD, Adams HP Jr, Applegate WB, et al.: Effect of lovastatin on early carotid atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Circulation 1994, 90:1679–1687.
24. Hodis HN, Mack WJ, LaBree LL, et al.: Reduction in carotid arterial wall thickness using lovastatin and dietary therapy. Ann Intern Med 1996, 124:548–556.
25. Papadakis JA, Mikhailidis DP, Winder AF: Lipids and stroke: neglect of a useful preventive measure? Cardiovasc Res 1998, 40:265–271. DOI: 10.1016/S0008-6363(98)00222-3
26. Delanty N, Vaughan CJ: Vascular effects of statins in stroke. Stroke 1997, 28:2315–2320.
27. Endres M, Laufs U, Huang Z, et al.: Stroke protection by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitors mediated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1998, 95:8880–8885. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.15.8880
28. Joseph LN, Baikian VL, Allen NC, Winter MR: Risk factor modification in stroke prevention: the experience of a stroke clinic. Stroke 1999, 30:16–20.
29. Hoerger TJ, Bala MV, Bray JW, et al.: Treatment patterns and distribution of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in treatment-eligible United States adults. Am J Cardiol 1998, 82:61–65. DOI: 10.1016/S0002-9149(98)00227-6
30. Moroney JT, Tang MX, Berglund L, et al.: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the risk of dementia with stroke. JAMA 1999, 282:254–260. DOI: 10.1001/jama.282.3.254
31. Summary of the Second National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel II). JAMA 1993, 269:3015–3023.
32. Gorelick PB, Sacco RL, Smith DB, et al.: Prevention of first stroke: a review of guidelines and a multidisciplinary consensus statement from the National Stroke Association. JAMA 1999, 281:1112–1120. DOI: 10.1001/jama.281.12.1112
33. Ansell BJ, Watson KE, Fogelman AM: The National Cholesterol Education Program /Adult Treatment Panel II guidelines: an evidence-based review. JAMA, 1999, 282:2051–2057. DOI: 10.1001/jama.282.21.2051
34. Collins R, Petro R, MacMahon S, et al.: Blood pressure, stroke and coronary heart disease, part 2: short-term reductions in blood pressure: overview of randomized drug trials in their epidemiologic context. Lancet 1990, 335:827–838. DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)90944-Z
35. Antiplatelet Trialists’ Collaboration: Collaborative overview of randomized trials of antiplatelet therapy, I: prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients. Br Med J 1994, 308:81–106.