Hydrological budgets and surface energy balance of seven subbasins of the Mackenzie River from the ECMWF Model

Journal of Hydrometeorology

Volumn 1, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 47-60

  Betts, Alan K ^a,c   Viterbo, Pedro ^b  

^a Atmospheric Research   (United States)

^b EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR MEDIUM RANGE WEATHER FORECASTS   (United Kingdom)

^c NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0034131582     PISSN: 1525755X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1525-7541(2000)001<0047:HBASEB>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Betts, A. K., P. Viterbo, and E. Wood, 1998a: Surface energy and water balance for the Arkansas-Red River basin from the ECMWF reanalysis. J. Climate, 11, 2881-2897.
2. -, -, A. C. M. Beljaars, H.-L. Pan, S.-Y. Hong, M. L. Goulden, and S. C. Wofsy, 1998b: Evaluation of the land-surface interaction in the ECMWF and NCEP/NCAR reanalyses over grass-land (FIFE) and boreal forest (BOREAS). J. Geophys. Res., 103, 23 079-23 085.
3. -, J. H. Ball, and P. Viterbo, 1999a: Basin-scale surface water and energy budgets for the Mississippi from the ECMWF reanalysis. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 19293-19306.
4. -, M. L. Goulden, and S. C. Wofsy, 1999b: Controls on evaporation in a boreal spruce forest. J. Climate, 12, 1601-1618.
5. Blondin, C., 1991: Parameterization of land-surface processes in numerical weather prediction. Land Surface Evaporation: Measurement and Parameterization, T. J. Schmugge and J. C. André, Eds., Springer, 31-54.
6. Brankovic, C., and J. van Maanen, 1985: The ECMWF climate system. ECMWF Tech. Memo. 109, ECMWF, Reading, United Kingdom, 51 pp. [Available from ECMWF, Shinfield Park, Reading RG2 9AX, United Kingdom.]
7. Douville, H., P. Viterbo, J.-F. Mahfouf, and A. C. M. Beljaars, 2000: Evaluation of the optimum interpolation and nudging techniques for soil moisture analysis using FIFE data. Mon. Wea. Rev., in press.
8. Goodison, B. E., 1978: Accuracy of Canadian snow gauge measurements. J. Appl. Meteor., 17, 1542-1548.
9. Hogg, W. D., P. Y. T. Louie, A. Niitsoo, E. Milewska, and B. Routledge, 1996: Gridded water balance climatology for the Canadian Mackenzie basin GEWEX study area. Proc. Workshop on the Implementation of the Arctic Precipitation Data Archive at the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre, Offenbach, Germany, WMO/TD 804, 47-50. [Available from W. D. Hogg, Atmospheric Environment Service, 4905 Dufferin St., Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.]
10. Jarvis, P. G., J. M. Massheder, S. E. Hale, J. B. Moncrieff, M. Rayment, and S. L. Scott, 1997: Seasonal variation of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy exchanges of a boreal black spruce forest. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 28 953-28 966.
11. Mahfouf, J.-F. and P. Viterbo, 1996: Land surface assimilation. Proc. ECMWF Seminar on Data Assimilation, Reading, United Kingdom, ECMWF, 317-347.
12. McCaughey, J. H., P. M. Lafleur, D. W. Joiner, P. A. Bartlett, A. M. Costello, D. E. Jelinski, and M. G. Ryan, 1997: Magnitudes and seasonal patterns of energy, water, and carbon exchanges at a boreal young jack pine forest in the BOREAS northern study area. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 28 997-29 008.
13. Mekis, E., and W. D. Hogg, 1999: Rehabilitation and analysis of Canadian daily precipitation time-series. Atmos.-Ocean, 37, 53-85.
14. Oki, T., T. Nishamura, and P. Dirmeyer, 1999: Assessment of annual runoff from land surface models using Total Runoff Integrating Pathways (TRIP). J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 78, 235-255.
15. Pomeroy, J., and K. Dion, 1996: Winter radiation extinction and reflection in a boreal pine canopy: Measurements and modelling. Hydro. Proc., 10, 1591-1608.
16. Stendel, M., and K. Arpe, 1997: Evaluation of the hydrological cycle in reanalysis and observations. ECMWF Re-Analysis Project Report Series 6, 54 pp. [Available from ECMWF, Shinfield Park, Reading RG2 9AX, United Kingdom.]
17. Stewart, R. E., and Coauthors, 1998: The Mackenzie GEWEX study: The water and energy cycles of a major North American river basin. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 79, 2665-2683.
18. Viterbo, P., and A. C. M. Beljaars, 1995: An improved land surface parameterization in the ECMWF model and its validation. J. Climate, 8, 2716-2748.
19. -, and P. Courtier, 1995: The importance of soil water for medium-range weather forecasting: Implications for data assimilation. Workshop on Imbalance of Slowly Varying Components of Predictable Atmospheric Motions, Beijing, China, World Meteor. Og., WMO/TD 652, 121-130. [Available from ECMWF, Shinfield Park, Reading RG2 9AX, United Kingdom.]
20. -, and A. K. Betts, 1999: The impact on ECMWF forecasts of changes to the albedo of the boreal forests in the presence of snow. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 27 803-27 810.
21. -, A. C. M. Beljaars, J.-F. Mahfouf, and J. Teixeira, 1999: Soil moisture freezing and its interaction with the boundary layer. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 125, 2401-2426.
22. Walsh, J. E., X. Zhou, D. Portis, and M. C. Serreze, 1994: Atmospheric contribution to hydrologic variations in the Arctic. Atmos.-Ocean, 32, 733-745.
23. -, V. Kattsov, D. Portis, and V. Meleshko, 1998: Arctic precipitation and evaporation: Model results and observational estimates. J. Climate, 11, 72-87.