Synthetic MgGa2O4-Mg2GeO4 spinel solid solution and β-Mg3Ga2GeO8: Chemistry, crystal structures, cation ordering, and comparison to Mg2GeO4 olivine

Physics and Chemistry of Minerals

Volumn 27, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 179-193

  Millard, R L ^a   Peterson, R C ^a   Swainson, I P ^b  

^a QUEEN S UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Cation ordering; Crystal structure; Olivine; Spinel; Spinelloid; Wadsleyite

Indexed keywords

CATION; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; OLIVINE; SOLID SOLUTION; SPINEL; WADSLEYITE;

EID: 0034050211     PISSN: 03421791     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s002690050006     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Agee CB (1993) Petrology of the mantle transition zone. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 21:19-41
2. 4. Phys Chem Minerals 10:166-172
3. Angel RJ (1998) The earth's mantle remodelled. Nature 385:490 491
4. 4. Eur J Mineral 10:607-611
5. 4 systems. Eur J Mineral 1:39-46
6. 12. Z Kristallogr 198:79-88
7. 4. Phys Chem Minerals 13:382-392
8. 3 and NaCl types. Acta Crystallogr Sect B 43:34-40
9. Bina CR (1998) Olivine emerges from isolation. Nature 392:650-651, 653
10. 4 at 15 GPa. Phys Chem Minerals 18:343-358
11. 4 β-phase under subduction zone conditions. Phys Earth Planet Inter 86:45-67
12. 4 to 26 GPa and 900 K. J Geophys Res 97:4489-4495
13. 4, 0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.40. Phys Chem Minerals 19:361-368
14. Gudfinnsson GH, Wood BJ (1998) The effect of trace elements on the olivine-wadsleyite transformation. Am Mineral 83:1037-1044
15. 4. Geophys Res Lett 18:89-92
16. Hammond R, Barbier J (1993) Structures of the nickel gallosilicate spinelloids. Acta Crystallogr Sect B 49:204-213
17. Hazen RM (1977) Temperature, pressure and composition: structurally analogous variables. Phys Chem Minerals 1:83-94
18. Hazen RM, Finger LW (1981) Module structure variation with temperature, pressure and composition. In: Navrotsky A O'Keelfe M (eds) Structure and bonding in crystals. II. Academic Press, New York, pp 109-116
19. Hill RJ (1993) Data collection strategies: Otting the experiment to the need. In: Young RA (ed) The Rietveld method. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 61-101
20. Hill RJ, Craig JR, Gibbs GV (1979) Systematics of the spinel structure type. Phys Chem Minerals 4:317-339
21. 4: Single-crystal X-ray diffraction study . Am Mineral 66:568-575
22. Horiuchi H, Akaogi M, Sawamoto H (1982) Crystal structural studies on spinel-related phases, spinelloids: implications to olivine-spinel transformation and systematics. Advances in Earth and Planetary Sciences. 12. High-pressure research in geophysics, pp. 391-403
23. Hyde BG, White TJ, O'Keeffe M, Johnson AWS (1982) Structures related to those of spinel and the β-phase, and a possible mechanism for the transformation olivine-spinel. Z Kristallogr 160:53-62
24. Irifune T (1994) Phase transformations in pyrolite and subducted crust compositions down to a depth of 800 km in the lower mantle. Mineral Mag 58A:444-445
25. Irifune T, Isshiki M (1998) Iron partitioning in a pyrolite mantle and the nature of the 410-km seismic discontinuity. Nature 392:702-705
26. Kamb B (1968) Structural basis of the olivine-spinel stability relation. Am Mineral 53:439-1455
27. Kerschhofer L, Sharp TG, Rubie DC (1996) Intracrystalline transformation of olivine to wadsleyite and ringwoodite under subduction zone conditions. Science 274:79-81
28. 3GeMg. Phys Chem Minerals 16:497 502
29. Ma C-B, Suhl K (1975) Nickel aluminosilicate. Phase III. Acta Crystallogr Sect B 31:2142-2143
30. Madsen IC, Hill RJ (1990) QPDA-A user-friendly, interactive program for quantitative phase and crystal/size, strain analysis of powder diffraction data. Powder Diffr 5:195-199
31. 4. J Geophys Res 98:22, 199-22,207
32. 17O MAS NMR. Ph.D. dissertation. Queen's University. Kingston. Ontario
33. Morimoto N, Akimoto S, Koto K, Tokonami M (1969) Modified spinel, bela-manaanous orthogermanate: stability and crystal structure. Science 165:586-588
34. 4. Plus Earth Planet Inter 3:161-165
35. 4. Am Mineral 59:475-485
36. Navrotsky A (1994) Repeatina patterns in mineral energetics. Am Mineral 79:589-605
37. Navrotsky A, Kleppa OJ (1967) The thermodynamics of cation distributions in simple spinels. J Inorg Nucl Chem 29:2701-2714
38. Nishi F, Takéuchi Y (1992) The nature and the variation of Ge-O bonding in germanates. Z Kristallogr 202:251-259
39. 4 system under high pressure. Phys Chem Minerals 24:555-560
40. O'Neill HStC, Navrotsky A (1983) Simple spinels: crystallographic parameters, cation radii, lattice energies, and cation distribution. Am Mineral 68:181-194
41. O'Neill HStC, Navrotsky A (1984) Cation distributions and thermodynamic properties of binary spinel solid solutions. Am Mineral 69:733-753
42. Pauling L (1960) The nature of the chemical bond, 3rd ed. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York
43. 4 from the Peace River meteorite. Can Mineral 21:29-35
44. 1044 from the Peace River meteorite. Phys Earth Planet Inter 33:137-147
45. Price GD (1983b) Polytypism and the factors determining the stability of spinelloid structures. Phys Chem Minerals 10:77-83
46. Price GD, Parker SC, Yeomans J (1985) The energetics of polytypic structures: a computer simulation of magnesium silicate spinelloids. Acta Crystallogr Sect B 41:231-239
47. 4 units in crystals. Z Kristallogr 175:43-59
48. 4: insights into its high-temperature thermodynamic properties and the β-to α-phase-transformation mechanism and kinetics. Am Mineral 81:585-594
49. Ringwood AE (1991) Phase transformations and their bearing on the constitution and dynamics of the mantle. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 55:2083-2110
50. 4 solid solutions. Earth Planet Sci Lett 1:241-245
51. Robinson K, Gibbs VG, Ribbe PH (1971) Quadratic elongation: a quantitative measure of distortion in coordination polyhedra. Science 172:567-570
52. 4. Am Mineral 77:507-511
53. 4) spinel. private communication
54. 4 in the earth's mantle: mechanisms and rheological implications. Science 264:1445-1448
55. Sack RO, Ghiorso MS (1991) An internally consistent model for the thermodynamic properties of Fe-Mg-titanomagnetite-aluminate spinels. Contrib Mineral Petrol 106:474-505
56. 4: single crystal structure, cation distribution, and properties of coordination polyhedra. Phys Chem Minerals 17:293-300
57. 4): an ocean in the earth's interior? Am Mineral 79:1021-1024
58. 2O system. Earth Planet Sci Lett 146:E9-E16
59. 4]. Am Mineral 82:270-275
60. Thompson AB (1992) Water in the earth's upper mantle. Nature 358:295-302
61. 48. J Solid State Chem 2:612-618
62. 4 spinel. Acta Crystallogr Sect B 33:2287-2288
63. Will G, Bellotto M, Parrish W, Hart M (1988) Crystal structures of quartz and magnesium germanate by profile analysis of synchotron-radiation high-resolution powder data. J Appl Crystallogr 21:182-191
64. 4 and implications for the earth's mantle. Am Mineral 83:404-408
65. 4 solid solution under pressures up to 12 GPa. In: Properties of earth and planetary materials at high pressure and temperature. Geophysical Monograph 101, American Geophysical Union, Washington