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10144238122
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4 olivine to the β or γ phases might occur by the latter mechanism under near-equilibrium conditions in a two-phase stability field.
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3 heater. Temperature was measured with a W3%Re-W25%Re thermocouple. The pressure was calibrated as a function of hydraulic oil pressure [D. Canil, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 86, 25 (1994)]. The pressure uncertainty was ±0.5 GPa.
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24
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10144239934
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note
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2 during the reaction.
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26
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0000505156
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Hot-pressed starting materials were used because high densities of defects and submicrometer-sized grains that develop in pressurized powders are extremely reactive and therefore inappropriate for kinetic studies [A. J. Brearley, D. C. Rubie, E. Ito, Phys. Chem. Miner. 18, 343 (1992)].
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10144257472
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note
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The reason why the β phase is present in all reacted samples even though the experimental conditions nominally lie in the γ-phase stability field is not clear. Possible explanations are (i) that the estimated positions of the phase boundaries (Fig. 1) (22) might be in error; (ii) that the pressure calibration of the multianvil press may be in error because of the inclusion of the hot-pressing stage in our experiments; (iii) that the negative volume changes involved when olvine transforms to the high-pressure phases may reduce the pressure within the sample, at least on a localized scale, as the transformation proceeds; and (iv) that either the β phase or the γ phase could be metastable (25).
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33
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10144235071
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note
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We thank C. Dupas for assistance with diffraction contrast imaging of stacking faults and dislocations, F. Seifert and S. Karato for helpful discussions, and H. Schulze for sample preparation. Supported by the Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (A/95/ 09994) and the European Union "Human Capital and Mobility - Access to Large Scale Facilities" program (contract ERBCHGECT940053).
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