메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 156, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 47-58

Seed size, fruit size, and dispersal systems in angiosperms from the early cretaceous to the late tertiary

Author keywords

Angiosperms; Climate change; Cretaceous Tertiary boundary; Dispersal systems; Plant disperser interactions; Seeds

Indexed keywords

CRETACEOUS; FLOWERING PLANT; FOSSIL RECORD; FRUIT; SEED DISPERSAL; SEED SIZE; TERTIARY;

EID: 0034044214     PISSN: 00030147     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/303367     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (172)

References (103)
  • 1
    • 0029667713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fossil evidence for a late Cretaceous origin of "hoofed" mammals
    • Archibald, J. D. 1996. Fossil evidence for a Late Cretaceous origin of "hoofed" mammals. Science (Washington, D.C.) 272:1150-1153.
    • (1996) Science (Washington, D.C.) , vol.272 , pp. 1150-1153
    • Archibald, J.D.1
  • 2
    • 0002909431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the nonprevalence of competitive replacement in the evolution of tetrapods
    • D. Jablonski, D. H. Erwin, and J. H. Lipps, eds. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
    • Benton, M. J. 1996. On the nonprevalence of competitive replacement in the evolution of tetrapods. Pages 185-210 in D. Jablonski, D. H. Erwin, and J. H. Lipps, eds. Evolutionary paleobiology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
    • (1996) Evolutionary Paleobiology , pp. 185-210
    • Benton, M.J.1
  • 3
    • 0027011759 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of fruit characters and dispersal modes in the tropical family Rubiaceae
    • Bremer, B., and O. Eriksson. 1992. Evolution of fruit characters and dispersal modes in the tropical family Rubiaceae. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 47: 79-95.
    • (1992) Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , vol.47 , pp. 79-95
    • Bremer, B.1    Eriksson, O.2
  • 6
    • 0003105365 scopus 로고
    • The Oligocene flora of Bovey Tracey Lake Basin, Devonshire
    • -. 1957. The Oligocene flora of Bovey Tracey Lake Basin, Devonshire. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology 3:7-123.
    • (1957) Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology , vol.3 , pp. 7-123
  • 8
    • 0008232161 scopus 로고
    • Flora of the Lower Headon Beds of Hampshire and the Isle of Wright
    • -. 1961a. Flora of the Lower Headon Beds of Hampshire and the Isle of Wright. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology 5:93-157.
    • (1961) Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology , vol.5 , pp. 93-157
  • 9
    • 0013672061 scopus 로고
    • The lower tertiary floras of southern England. I. Paleocene floras. London clay flora
    • London
    • -. 1961b. The Lower Tertiary floras of southern England. I. Paleocene floras. London Clay flora. British Museum (Natural History), London.
    • (1961) British Museum (Natural History)
  • 10
    • 0003859291 scopus 로고
    • The lower tertiary floras of southern England. II. Flora of the Pipe-clay series of dorset (Lower Bagshot)
    • London
    • -. 1962. The Lower Tertiary floras of southern England. II. Flora of the Pipe-clay series of Dorset (Lower Bagshot). British Museum (Natural History), London.
    • (1962) British Museum (Natural History)
  • 11
    • 0013677903 scopus 로고
    • Revision of the Oligocene floras of the isle of wright
    • -. 1963. Revision of the Oligocene floras of the Isle of Wright. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology 6:361-369.
    • (1963) Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology , vol.6 , pp. 361-369
  • 12
    • 0028972440 scopus 로고
    • The first 85 million years of avian evolution
    • Chiappe, L. M. 1995. The first 85 million years of avian evolution. Nature (London) 378:349-355.
    • (1995) Nature (London) , vol.378 , pp. 349-355
    • Chiappe, L.M.1
  • 13
    • 0031709625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stages and spatial scales of recruitment limitation in southern Appalachian forests
    • Clark, J. S., E. Macklin, and L. Wood. 1998. Stages and spatial scales of recruitment limitation in southern Appalachian forests. Ecological Monographs 68:213-235.
    • (1998) Ecological Monographs , vol.68 , pp. 213-235
    • Clark, J.S.1    Macklin, E.2    Wood, L.3
  • 15
    • 0024920880 scopus 로고
    • Vegetational and mammalian faunal changes in the early tertiary of southern England
    • E. M. Friis, W. G. Chaloner, and P. R. Crane, eds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Collinson, M. E., and J. J. Hooker. 1987. Vegetational and mammalian faunal changes in the Early Tertiary of southern England. Pages 259-304 in E. M. Friis, W. G. Chaloner, and P. R. Crane, eds. The origins of angiosperms and their biological consequences. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1987) The Origins of Angiosperms and Their Biological Consequences , pp. 259-304
    • Collinson, M.E.1    Hooker, J.J.2
  • 16
    • 0030621127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass survival of birds across the Cretaceous-tertiary boundary: Molecular evidence
    • Cooper, A., and D. Penny. 1997. Mass survival of birds across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary: molecular evidence. Science (Washington, D.C.) 275:1109-1113.
    • (1997) Science (Washington, D.C.) , vol.275 , pp. 1109-1113
    • Cooper, A.1    Penny, D.2
  • 17
    • 0022912538 scopus 로고
    • The origin and early diversification of birds
    • Cracraft, J. 1986. The origin and early diversification of birds. Paleobiology 12:383-399.
    • (1986) Paleobiology , vol.12 , pp. 383-399
    • Cracraft, J.1
  • 18
    • 0024909360 scopus 로고
    • Vegetational consequences of the angiosperm diversification
    • E. M. Friis, W. G. Chaloner, and P. R. Crane, eds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Crane, P. R. 1987. Vegetational consequences of the angiosperm diversification. Pages 107-144 in E. M. Friis, W. G. Chaloner, and P. R. Crane, eds. The origins of angiosperms and their biological consequences. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1987) The Origins of Angiosperms and Their Biological Consequences , pp. 107-144
    • Crane, P.R.1
  • 19
    • 0028973842 scopus 로고
    • The origin and early diversification of angiosperms
    • Crane, P. R., E. M. Friis, and K. R. Pedersen. 1995. The origin and early diversification of angiosperms. Nature (London) 374:27-33.
    • (1995) Nature (London) , vol.374 , pp. 27-33
    • Crane, P.R.1    Friis, E.M.2    Pedersen, K.R.3
  • 20
    • 0000279280 scopus 로고
    • Advanced (constant) insect pollination mechanisms: Pattern of evolution and implication vis-a-vis angiosperm diversity
    • Crepet, W. L. 1984. Advanced (constant) insect pollination mechanisms: pattern of evolution and implication vis-a-vis angiosperm diversity. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 71:607-630.
    • (1984) Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , vol.71 , pp. 607-630
    • Crepet, W.L.1
  • 21
    • 0024369226 scopus 로고
    • Ginkgos and multituberculates: Evolutionary interactions in the tertiary
    • Del Tredici, P. 1989. Ginkgos and multituberculates: evolutionary interactions in the Tertiary. Biosystems 22: 327-339.
    • (1989) Biosystems , vol.22 , pp. 327-339
    • Del Tredici, P.1
  • 22
    • 0028080696 scopus 로고
    • Integration of morphological and ribosomal RNA data on the origin of angiosperms
    • Doyle, J. A., M. J. Donoghue, and E. A. Zimmer. 1994. Integration of morphological and ribosomal RNA data on the origin of angiosperms. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 81:419-450.
    • (1994) Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , vol.81 , pp. 419-450
    • Doyle, J.A.1    Donoghue, M.J.2    Zimmer, E.A.3
  • 23
    • 0033362095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recruitment trade-offs and the evolution of dispersal mechanisms in plants
    • in press
    • Eriksson, O., and A. Jakobsson. 2000. Recruitment trade-offs and the evolution of dispersal mechanisms in plants. Evolutionary Ecology (in press).
    • (2000) Evolutionary Ecology
    • Eriksson, O.1    Jakobsson, A.2
  • 26
    • 0026291573 scopus 로고
    • Angiosperm endozoochory: Were pterosaurs Cretaceaous seed dispersers?
    • Fleming, T. H., and K. R. Lips. 1991. Angiospcrm endozoochory: were pterosaurs Cretaceaous seed dispersers? American Naturalist 138:1058-1065.
    • (1991) American Naturalist , vol.138 , pp. 1058-1065
    • Fleming, T.H.1    Lips, K.R.2
  • 27
    • 0033605215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary and preservational constraints on origins of biologic groups: Divergence times of Eutherian mammals
    • Foote, M., J. P. Hunter, C. M. Janis, and J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 1999. Evolutionary and preservational constraints on origins of biologic groups: divergence times of eutherian mammals. Science (Washington, D.C.) 283:1310-1314.
    • (1999) Science (Washington, D.C.) , vol.283 , pp. 1310-1314
    • Foote, M.1    Hunter, J.P.2    Janis, C.M.3    Sepkoski J.J., Jr.4
  • 29
    • 0024920877 scopus 로고
    • Time of appearance of floral features
    • E. M. Friis, W. G. Chaloner, and P. R. Crane, eds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Friis, E. M., and W. L. Crepet. 1987. Time of appearance of floral features. Pages 145-179 in E. M. Friis, W. G. Chaloner, and P. R. Crane, eds. The origins of angiosperms and their biological consequences. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1987) The Origins of Angiosperms and Their Biological Consequences , pp. 145-179
    • Friis, E.M.1    Crepet, W.L.2
  • 31
    • 0002335272 scopus 로고
    • Angiosperm floral structures from the early Cretaceous of Portugal
    • Friis, E. M., K. R. Pedersen, and P. R. Crane. 1994. Angiosperm floral structures from the Early Cretaceous of Portugal. Plant Systematics and Evolution 8(suppl.): 31-49.
    • (1994) Plant Systematics and Evolution , vol.8 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 31-49
    • Friis, E.M.1    Pedersen, K.R.2    Crane, P.R.3
  • 32
    • 0028984098 scopus 로고
    • Appomattoxia ancistrophora Gen. et sp. Nov., a new early Cretaceous plant with similarities to Circaeaster and extant Magnoliidae
    • -. 1995. Appomattoxia ancistrophora Gen. et sp. Nov., a new Early Cretaceous plant with similarities to Circaeaster and extant Magnoliidae. American Journal of Botany 82:933-943.
    • (1995) American Journal of Botany , vol.82 , pp. 933-943
  • 33
    • 0031284792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anacostia, a new basal angiosperm from the early Cretaceous of North America and Portugal with trichotomocolpate/monocolpate pollen
    • Friis, E. M., P. R. Crane, and K. R. Pedersen. 1997. Anacostia, a new basal angiosperm from the Early Cretaceous of North America and Portugal with trichotomocolpate/monocolpate pollen. Grana 36:225-244.
    • (1997) Grana , vol.36 , pp. 225-244
    • Friis, E.M.1    Crane, P.R.2    Pedersen, K.R.3
  • 34
    • 0032795196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early angiosperm diversification: The diversity of pollen associated with angiosperm reproductive structures in early Cretaceous floras from Portugal
    • Friis, E. M., K. R. Pedersen, and P. R. Crane. 1999. Early angiosperm diversification: the diversity of pollen associated with angiosperm reproductive structures in Early Cretaceous floras from Portugal. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 86:259-296.
    • (1999) Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , vol.86 , pp. 259-296
    • Friis, E.M.1    Pedersen, K.R.2    Crane, P.R.3
  • 35
    • 0002776902 scopus 로고
    • Die miozänen frucht- und samen-floren der oberpfälzer braunkohle. I funde aus den sandigen zwischenmitteln
    • Gregor, H.-J. 1978. Die Miozänen Frucht-und Samen-Floren der Oberpfälzer Braunkohle. I Funde aus den sandigen Zwischenmitteln. Palaeontographica Abteilung B Palaeophytologie 167:8-103.
    • (1978) Palaeontographica Abteilung B Palaeophytologie , vol.167 , pp. 8-103
    • Gregor, H.-J.1
  • 39
    • 0029669270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continental breakup and the ordinal diversification of birds and mammals
    • Hedges, S. B., P. H. Parker, C. G. Sibley, and S. Kumar. 1996. Continental breakup and the ordinal diversification of birds and mammals. Nature (London) 381: 226-229.
    • (1996) Nature (London) , vol.381 , pp. 226-229
    • Hedges, S.B.1    Parker, P.H.2    Sibley, C.G.3    Kumar, S.4
  • 40
    • 0022196761 scopus 로고
    • Determinants of plant-animal coevolution: The case of mutualistic dispersal of seeds by vertebrates
    • Herrera, C. M. 1985. Determinants of plant-animal coevolution: the case of mutualistic dispersal of seeds by vertebrates. Oikos 44:132-141.
    • (1985) Oikos , vol.44 , pp. 132-141
    • Herrera, C.M.1
  • 41
    • 0001771593 scopus 로고
    • Vertebrate-dispersed plants: Why they don't behave the way they should
    • A. Estrada and T. H. Fleming, eds. Junk, Dordrecht
    • -. 1986. Vertebrate-dispersed plants: why they don't behave the way they should. Pages 5-18 in A. Estrada and T. H. Fleming, eds. Frugivores and seed dispersal. Junk, Dordrecht.
    • (1986) Frugivores and Seed Dispersal , pp. 5-18
  • 42
    • 0024251535 scopus 로고
    • The fruiting ecology of Oxyris quadripartita: Individual variation and evolutionary potential
    • -. 1988. The fruiting ecology of Oxyris quadripartita: individual variation and evolutionary potential. Ecology 69:233-249.
    • (1988) Ecology , vol.69 , pp. 233-249
  • 43
    • 0024921138 scopus 로고
    • Seed dispersal by animals: A role in angiosperm diversification
    • -. 1989. Seed dispersal by animals: a role in angiosperm diversification. American Naturalist 133: 309-322.
    • (1989) American Naturalist , vol.133 , pp. 309-322
  • 44
    • 0031787993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term dynamics of Mediterranean frugivorous birds and fleshy fruits: A 12-year study
    • -. 1998. Long-term dynamics of Mediterranean frugivorous birds and fleshy fruits: a 12-year study. Ecological Monographs 68:511-538.
    • (1998) Ecological Monographs , vol.68 , pp. 511-538
  • 46
    • 0030437044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early adaptive radiation of birds: Evidence from fossils from Northeastern China
    • Hou, L., L. D. Martin, Z. Zhou, and A. Feduccia. 1996. Early adaptive radiation of birds: evidence from fossils from Northeastern China. Science (Washington, D.C.) 274:1164-1167.
    • (1996) Science (Washington, D.C.) , vol.274 , pp. 1164-1167
    • Hou, L.1    Martin, L.D.2    Zhou, Z.3    Feduccia, A.4
  • 47
    • 0021577744 scopus 로고
    • Constraints on the evolution of mutualism
    • Howe, H. F. 1984. Constraints on the evolution of mutualism. American Naturalist 123:764-777.
    • (1984) American Naturalist , vol.123 , pp. 764-777
    • Howe, H.F.1
  • 48
    • 0002741550 scopus 로고
    • Seed dispersal by fruit-eating birds and mammals
    • D. R. Murray, ed. Academic Press, Sydney
    • -. 1986. Seed dispersal by fruit-eating birds and mammals. Pages 123-189 in D. R. Murray, ed. Seed dispersal. Academic Press, Sydney.
    • (1986) Seed Dispersal , pp. 123-189
  • 51
    • 0028977440 scopus 로고
    • Angiosperm fleshy fruits and seed dispersers: A comparative analysis of adaptation and constraints in plant-animal interactions
    • Jordano, P. 1995a. Angiosperm fleshy fruits and seed dispersers: a comparative analysis of adaptation and constraints in plant-animal interactions. American Naturalist 145:163-191.
    • (1995) American Naturalist , vol.145 , pp. 163-191
    • Jordano, P.1
  • 52
    • 0028995487 scopus 로고
    • Frugivore-mediated selection on fruit and seed size: Birds and St. Luciés cherry, Prunus mahaleb
    • -. 1995b. Frugivore-mediated selection on fruit and seed size: birds and St. Luciés cherry, Prunus mahaleb. Ecology 76:2627-2639.
    • (1995) Ecology , vol.76 , pp. 2627-2639
  • 54
    • 80052295332 scopus 로고
    • Paläokarpologische charakteristik der flyschzone der mährischen karpaten
    • -. 1977. Paläokarpologische Charakteristik der Flyschzone der mährischen Karpaten. Sborník Geologichých Ved Paleontologie 19:79-137.
    • (1977) Sborník Geologichých Ved Paleontologie , vol.19 , pp. 79-137
  • 55
    • 0013673081 scopus 로고
    • Paläobotanisch-biostratigraphische charakteristik der klikov-schichtenfolge (Oberturon-Santon) in südböhmen
    • -. 1985. Paläobotanisch-biostratigraphische Charakteristik der Klikov-Schichtenfolge (Oberturon-Santon) in Südböhmen. Sborník Geologichých Ved Rada P Paleontologie 40:101-145.
    • (1985) Sborník Geologichých Ved Rada P Paleontologie , vol.40 , pp. 101-145
  • 56
    • 0013689870 scopus 로고
    • Carbonized seeds and fruits from the Cretaceous of bohemia and moravia and their stratigraphical significance
    • Knobloch, E., and D. H. Mai, 1983. Carbonized seeds and fruits from the Cretaceous of Bohemia and Moravia and their stratigraphical significance. Knihovnicka Zemního Plynu a Nafty 4:305-332.
    • (1983) Knihovnicka Zemního Plynu a Nafty , vol.4 , pp. 305-332
    • Knobloch, E.1    Mai, D.H.2
  • 57
    • 0013672664 scopus 로고
    • Neue gattungen nach früchten und samen aus dem cenoman bis maastricht (Kreide) von mitteleuropa
    • -. 1984. Neue Gattungen nach Früchten und Samen aus dem Cenoman bis Maastricht (Kreide) von Mitteleuropa. Feddes Repertorium 95:3-41.
    • (1984) Feddes Repertorium , vol.95 , pp. 3-41
  • 58
    • 0001704650 scopus 로고
    • Monographie der früchte und samen in der kreide von mitteleuropa
    • -. 1986. Monographie der Früchte und Samen in der Kreide von Mitteleuropa. Rozpravy Ústredmíko Ústavu Geologického Praha 47:1-219.
    • (1986) Rozpravy Ústredmíko Ústavu Geologického Praha , vol.47 , pp. 1-219
  • 59
    • 84971969171 scopus 로고
    • Jaw movement, dental function, and diet in the Paleocene multituberculate Ptilodus
    • Krause, D. W. 1982. Jaw movement, dental function, and diet in the Paleocene multituberculate Ptilodus. Paleobiology 8:265-281.
    • (1982) Paleobiology , vol.8 , pp. 265-281
    • Krause, D.W.1
  • 60
    • 0013695523 scopus 로고
    • Macroscopic plant remains from the freshwater Miocene of the Nowy Sacz Basin (West Carpathians, Poland)
    • Lancucka-Srodoniowa, M. 1979. Macroscopic plant remains from the freshwater Miocene of the Nowy Sacz Basin (West Carpathians, Poland). Acta Palaeobotanica 20:1-117.
    • (1979) Acta Palaeobotanica , vol.20 , pp. 1-117
    • Lancucka-Srodoniowa, M.1
  • 61
    • 0028895321 scopus 로고
    • Correlates of seed size variation: A comparison among five temperate floras
    • Leishman, M. R., M. Westoby, and E. Jurado. 1995. Correlates of seed size variation: a comparison among five temperate floras. Journal of Ecology 83:517-530.
    • (1995) Journal of Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 517-530
    • Leishman, M.R.1    Westoby, M.2    Jurado, E.3
  • 62
    • 0028980261 scopus 로고
    • Seed size and phylogeny in six temperate floras: Constraints, niche conservatism and adaptation
    • Lord, J., M. Westoby, and M. Leishman. 1995. Seed size and phylogeny in six temperate floras: constraints, niche conservatism and adaptation. American Naturalist 146: 349-364.
    • (1995) American Naturalist , vol.146 , pp. 349-364
    • Lord, J.1    Westoby, M.2    Leishman, M.3
  • 65
    • 0001416911 scopus 로고
    • Neue früchte und samen aus paläozänen ablagerungen mitteleuropas
    • -. 1987. Neue Früchte und Samen aus paläozänen Ablagerungen Mitteleuropas. Feddes Repertorium 98: 197-229.
    • (1987) Feddes Repertorium , vol.98 , pp. 197-229
  • 69
    • 0001878662 scopus 로고
    • Die pliozänen floren von thüringen, DDR
    • -. 1988. Die Pliozänen Floren von Thüringen, DDR. Quartärpaläontologie Berlin 7:55-297.
    • (1988) Quartärpaläontologie Berlin , vol.7 , pp. 55-297
  • 71
    • 0028558169 scopus 로고
    • Fruits and seeds of the Middle Eocene Nut Bed flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon
    • Manchester, S. R. 1994. Fruits and seeds of the Middle Eocene Nut Bed flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon. Palaeontographica Americana 58:1-205.
    • (1994) Palaeontographica Americana , vol.58 , pp. 1-205
    • Manchester, S.R.1
  • 72
    • 0024880952 scopus 로고
    • Ecological, taxonomic, and life history correlates of seed mass among Indiana Dune angiosperms
    • Mazer, S. J. 1989. Ecological, taxonomic, and life history correlates of seed mass among Indiana Dune angiosperms. Ecological Monographs 59:153-175.
    • (1989) Ecological Monographs , vol.59 , pp. 153-175
    • Mazer, S.J.1
  • 73
    • 48249105773 scopus 로고
    • Fossile früchte und samen aus der flyschzone der mährischen karpaten
    • Nemejc, F. 1971. Fossile Früchte und Samen aus der Flyschzone der Mährischen Karpaten. Sborník Geologichých Ved Rada P Paleontologie 13:7-46.
    • (1971) Sborník Geologichých Ved Rada P Paleontologie , vol.13 , pp. 7-46
    • Nemejc, F.1
  • 74
    • 0032770914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 100 million years of land vertebrate evolution: The Cretaceous-early tertiary transition
    • Novacek, M. J. 1999. 100 million years of land vertebrate evolution: the Cretaceous-Early Tertiary transition. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 86:230-258.
    • (1999) Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , vol.86 , pp. 230-258
    • Novacek, M.J.1
  • 75
    • 0024900604 scopus 로고
    • Global palaeogeography and palaeo-climate of the late Cretaceous and early tertiary
    • E. M. Friis, W. G. Chaloner, and P. R. Crane, eds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Parrish, J. T. 1987. Global palaeogeography and palaeo-climate of the late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary. Pages 51-73 in E. M. Friis, W. G. Chaloner, and P. R. Crane, eds. The origins of angiosperms and their biological consequences. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1987) The Origins of Angiosperms and Their Biological Consequences , pp. 51-73
    • Parrish, J.T.1
  • 76
    • 76649109914 scopus 로고
    • Catalogue of the Cainozoic plants in the Department of Geology. I
    • Oxford University Press, London
    • Reid, E. M., and M. E. J. Chandler. 1926. Catalogue of the Cainozoic plants in the Department of Geology. I. The Bembridge flora. Oxford University Press, London.
    • (1926) The Bembridge Flora
    • Reid, E.M.1    Chandler, M.E.J.2
  • 79
    • 0001937081 scopus 로고
    • Limits to specialization and coevolution in plant-animal mutualisms
    • M. N. Nitecki, ed. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
    • Schemske, D. W. 1983. Limits to specialization and coevolution in plant-animal mutualisms. Pages 67-109 in M. N. Nitecki, ed. Coevolution. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
    • (1983) Coevolution , pp. 67-109
    • Schemske, D.W.1
  • 80
    • 0027798621 scopus 로고
    • Quantity, quality, and the effectiveness of seed dispersal by animals
    • Schupp, E. W. 1993. Quantity, quality, and the effectiveness of seed dispersal by animals. Vegetatio 107/108:15-29.
    • (1993) Vegetatio , vol.107-108 , pp. 15-29
    • Schupp, E.W.1
  • 81
    • 0026564851 scopus 로고
    • The allometry of seed production in herbaceous angiosperms
    • Shipley, B., and J. Dion. 1992. The allometry of seed production in herbaceous angiosperms. American Naturalist 139:467-483.
    • (1992) American Naturalist , vol.139 , pp. 467-483
    • Shipley, B.1    Dion, J.2
  • 85
    • 0013672665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SYSTAT for Windows
    • Chicago
    • SYSTAT. 1996. SYSTAT for Windows. Statistics. Version 6.0. SPSS, Chicago.
    • (1996) Statistics. Version 6.0. SPSS
  • 87
    • 0001050486 scopus 로고
    • Seed size, dispersal syndromes, and the rise of the angiosperms: Evidence and hypothesis
    • Tiffney, B. H. 1984. Seed size, dispersal syndromes, and the rise of the angiosperms: evidence and hypothesis. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 71:551-576.
    • (1984) Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , vol.71 , pp. 551-576
    • Tiffney, B.H.1
  • 88
    • 0002091204 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of seed dispersal syndromes according to the fossil record
    • D. R. Murray, ed. Academic Press, Sydney
    • -. 1986a. Evolution of seed dispersal syndromes according to the fossil record. Pages 273-305 in D. R. Murray, ed. Seed dispersal. Academic Press, Sydney.
    • (1986) Seed Dispersal , pp. 273-305
  • 89
    • 0001617060 scopus 로고
    • Fruit and dispersal and the evolution of the Hamamelidae
    • -. 1986b. Fruit and dispersal and the evolution of the Hamamelidae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 73:394-416.
    • (1986) Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , vol.73 , pp. 394-416
  • 90
    • 0024876324 scopus 로고
    • Mid-Cretaceous to early tertiary vegetation and climate: Evidence from fossil leaves and woods
    • E. M. Friis, W. G. Chaloner, and P. R. Crane, eds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Upchurch, G. R., and J. A. Wolfe. 1987. Mid-Cretaceous to early Tertiary vegetation and climate: evidence from fossil leaves and woods. Pages 75-105 in E. M. Friis, W. G. Chaloner, and P. R. Crane, eds. The origins of angiosperms and their biological consequences. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1987) The Origins of Angiosperms and Their Biological Consequences , pp. 75-105
    • Upchurch, G.R.1    Wolfe, J.A.2
  • 91
    • 0001230032 scopus 로고
    • The Pliocene flora of Fortuna-Garsdorf. I. Fruits and seeds of angiosperms
    • Van der Burgh, J. 1978. The Pliocene flora of Fortuna-Garsdorf. I. Fruits and seeds of angiosperms. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 20:173-211.
    • (1978) Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology , vol.20 , pp. 173-211
    • Van der Burgh, J.1
  • 92
    • 0003191786 scopus 로고
    • Allochthonous seed and fruit floras from the Pliocene of the Lower Rhine Basin
    • -. 1983. Allochthonous seed and fruit floras from the Pliocene of the Lower Rhine Basin. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 40:33-90.
    • (1983) Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology , vol.40 , pp. 33-90
  • 94
    • 0002397252 scopus 로고
    • Megasporen und andere pflanzliche mikrofossilien aus der aachener kreide
    • Vangerow, E. F. 1954. Megasporen und andere pflanzliche Mikrofossilien aus der Aachener Kreide. Palaeontographica Abteilung B Palaeophytologie 96:24-38.
    • (1954) Palaeontographica Abteilung B Palaeophytologie , vol.96 , pp. 24-38
    • Vangerow, E.F.1
  • 96
    • 0024196390 scopus 로고
    • Fruit-eating birds and bird-dispersed plants in the tropics and temperate zone
    • Wheelwright, N. T. 1988. Fruit-eating birds and bird-dispersed plants in the tropics and temperate zone. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 3:270-274.
    • (1988) Trends in Ecology & Evolution , vol.3 , pp. 270-274
    • Wheelwright, N.T.1
  • 97
    • 0027800158 scopus 로고
    • Dispersal mode, seed shadows, and colonization patterns
    • Willson, M. F. 1993. Dispersal mode, seed shadows, and colonization patterns. Vegetatio 107/108:261-280.
    • (1993) Vegetatio , vol.107-108 , pp. 261-280
    • Willson, M.F.1
  • 98
    • 84986791246 scopus 로고
    • Seed dispersal spectra: A comparison of temperate plant communities
    • Willson, M. E, B. L. Rice, and M. Westoby. 1990. Seed dispersal spectra: a comparison of temperate plant communities. Journal of Vegetation Science 1:547-562.
    • (1990) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.1 , pp. 547-562
    • Willson, M.E.1    Rice, B.L.2    Westoby, M.3
  • 100
    • 0002925780 scopus 로고
    • Ecological characterization of fossil plants
    • A. K. Behrensmeyer, J. D. Damuth, W. A. DiMichele, R. Potts, H.-D. Sues, and S. L. Wing, eds. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
    • Wing, S. L., and W. A. DiMichele. 1992. Ecological characterization of fossil plants. Pages 139-180 in A. K. Behrensmeyer, J. D. Damuth, W. A. DiMichele, R. Potts, H.-D. Sues, and S. L. Wing, eds. Terrestrial ecosystems through time: evolutionary paleoecology of terrestrial plants and animals. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
    • (1992) Terrestrial Ecosystems Through Time: Evolutionary Paleoecology of Terrestrial Plants and Animals , pp. 139-180
    • Wing, S.L.1    DiMichele, W.A.2
  • 101
    • 0002925780 scopus 로고
    • Mesozoic and early Cenozoic terrestrial ecosystems
    • A. K. Behrensmeyer, J. D. Damuth, W. A. DiMichele, R. Potts, H.-D. Sues, and S. L. Wing, eds. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
    • Wing, S. L., and H.-D. Sues. 1992. Mesozoic and early Cenozoic terrestrial ecosystems. Pages 327-416 in A. K. Behrensmeyer, J. D. Damuth, W. A. DiMichele, R. Potts, H.-D. Sues, and S. L. Wing, eds. Terrestrial ecosystems through time: evolutionary paleoecology of terrestrial plants and animals. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
    • (1992) Terrestrial Ecosystems Through Time: Evolutionary Paleoecology of Terrestrial Plants and Animals , pp. 327-416
    • Wing, S.L.1    Sues, H.-D.2
  • 102
    • 0024873089 scopus 로고
    • Interactions of angiosperms and herbivorous tetrapods through time
    • E. M. Friis, W. G. Chaloner, and P. R. Crane, eds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Wing, S. L., and B. H. Tiffney. 1987. Interactions of angiosperms and herbivorous tetrapods through time. Pages 203-224 in E. M. Friis, W. G. Chaloner, and P. R. Crane, eds. The origins of angiosperms and their biological consequences. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1987) The Origins of Angiosperms and Their Biological Consequences , pp. 203-224
    • Wing, S.L.1    Tiffney, B.H.2
  • 103
    • 0000062883 scopus 로고
    • Leaf assemblages across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the Raton Basin, New Mexico and Colorado
    • Wolfe, J. A., and G. R. Upchurch. 1987. Leaf assemblages across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the Raton Basin, New Mexico and Colorado. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 84: 5096-5100.
    • (1987) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA , vol.84 , pp. 5096-5100
    • Wolfe, J.A.1    Upchurch, G.R.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.