Functional mechanisms of an inducible defence in tadpoles: Morphology and behaviour influence mortality risk from predation

Journal of Evolutionary Biology

Volumn 13, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 336-347

  Van Buskirk, J ^a,b   Mccollum, S A ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^c Hospital for Special Surgery   (United States)

Author keywords

Ambystoma; Anax; Hyla; Induced defence; Morphology; Natural selection; Phenotypic plasticity; Predation risk; Swimming; Tadpoles

Indexed keywords

ANTIPREDATOR DEFENSE; BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY; EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY; INDUCED RESPONSE; MORPHOLOGY; MORTALITY RISK;

AMBYSTOMA; ANAX; HYLA VERSICOLOR; ODONATA;

EID: 0034004814     PISSN: 1010061X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2000.00173.x     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Allison, P.D. 1995. Survival Analysis using the SAS System. SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina.
2. Azevedo-Ramos, C., Van Sluys, M., Hero, J.-M. & Magnusson, W.E. 1992. Influence of tadpole movement on predation by odonate naiads. J. Herp. 26: 335-338.
3. Brodie, E.D. III. 1992. Correlational selection for color pattern and antipredator behavior in the garter snake Thamnophis ordinoides. Evolution 46: 1282-1298.
4. Caldwell, J.P. 1982. Disruptive selection: a tail color polymorphism in Acris tadpoles in response to differential predation. Can. J. Zool. 60: 2818-2827.
5. Cheverud, J.M. 1982. Phenotypic, genetic, and environmental morphological integration in the cranium. Evolution 36: 499-516.
6. Cheverud, J.M. 1988a. The evolution of genetic correlation and developmental constraints. In: Population Genetics and Evolution (G. de Jong, ed.), pp. 94-101. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
7. Cheverud, J.M. 1988b. A comparison of genetic and phenotypic correlations. Evolution 42: 958-968.
8. Cheverud, J.M. 1996. Developmental integration and the evolution of pleiotropy. Am. Zool. 36: 44-50.
9. Cox, D.R. 1972. Regression models and life tables. J. Roy. Stat. Soc. B34: 187-220.
10. Doherty, P.A., Wassersug, R.J. & Lee, J.M. 1998. Mechanical properties of the tadpole tail fin. J. Exp. Biol. 201: 2691-2699.
11. Endler, J.A. 1995. Multiple-trait coevolution and environmental gradients in guppies. Trends Ecol. Syst. 10: 22-29.
12. Frith, H.R. & Blake, R.W. 1991. Mechanics of the startle response in the northern pike Esox lucius. Can. J. Zool. 69: 2831-2839.
13. Karban, R. & Baldwin, I.T. 1997. Induced Responses to Herbivory. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois.
14. Koots, K.R. & Gibson, J.P. 1996. Realized sampling variances of estimated genetic parameters and the difference between genetic and phenotypic correlations. Genetics 143: 1409-1416.
15. Kornerup, A. & Wanscher, J.H. 1963. Methuen Handbook of Colour, 2nd edn. Methuen, London.
16. Lande, R. 1984. The genetic correlation between characters maintained by selection, linkage, and inbreeding. Gen. Res. 44: 309-320.
17. Lande, R. & Arnold, S.J. 1983. The measurement of selection on correlated characters. Evolution 37: 1210-1226.
18. Lauder, G.V. 1996. The argument from design. In: Adaptation (M. R. Rose & G. V. Lauder, eds), pp. 55-91. Academic Press, New York.
19. Lima, S.L. & Dill, L.M. 1990. Behavioral decisions made under the risk of predation: a review and prospectus. Can. J. Zool. 68: 619-640.
20. Liu, H., Wassersug, R.J. & Kawachi, K. 1996. A computational fluid dynamics study of tadpole swimming. J. Exp. Biol. 199: 1245-1260.
21. McCollum, S.A. & Leimberger, J.D. 1997. Predator-induced morphological changes in an amphibian: predation by dragonflies affects tadpole color, shape, and growth rate. Oecologia 109: 615-621.
22. McCollum, S.A. & Van Buskirk, J. 1996. Costs and benefits of a predator-induced polyphenism in the gray treefrog Hyla chrysoscelis. Evolution 50: 583-593.
23. Reilly, S.M. & Lauder, G.V. 1992. Morphology, behavior, and evolution: comparative kinematics of aquatic feeding in salamanders. Brain Behav. Evol. 40: 182-196.
24. Roedel, M.O. & Linsenmair, K.E. 1997. Predator-induced swarms in the tadpoles of an African savanna frog, Phrynomantis microps. Ethology 103: 902-914.
25. Roff, D.A. 1995. The estimation of genetic correlations from phenotypic correlations: a test of Cheverud's conjecture. Heredity 74: 481-490.
26. SAS Institute. 1990. SAS/STAT User's Guide, Version 6. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina.
27. Skelly, D.K. 1994. Activity level and the susceptibility of anuran larvae to predation. Anim. Behav. 47: 465-468.
28. Smith, D.C. & Van Buskirk, J. 1995. Phenotypic design, plasticity, and ecological performance in two tadpole species. Am. Nat. 145: 211-233.
29. Tanaka, Y. & Hisada, M. 1980. The hydraulic strike mechanism of the predatory strike in dragonfly larvae. J. Exp. Biol. 88: 1-19.
30. Tollrian, R. & Harvell, C.D. 1999. The Ecology and Evolution of Inducible Defenses. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
31. TriMetrix. 1993. Axum Technical Graphics and Data Analysis, Reference Manual. TriMetrix Inc., Seattle, Washington.
32. Van Buskirk, J. 2000. The cost of an inducible defense in anuran larvae. Ecology 81: in press.
33. Van Buskirk, J. & McCollum, S.A. 1999. Plasticity and selection explain variation in tadpole phenotype between ponds with different predator composition. Oikos 85: 35-39.
34. Van Buskirk, J. & Relyea, R.A. 1998. Selection for phenotypic plasticity in Rana sylvatica tadpoles. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 65: 301-328.
35. Van Buskirk, J. & Schmidt, B.R. 2000. Predator-induced plasticity in larval newts: trade-offs, selection, and variation in nature. Ecology 81: in press.
36. Van Buskirk, J., McCollum, S.A. & Werner, E.E. 1997. Natural selection for environmentally induced phenotypes in tadpoles. Evolution 51: 1983-1992.
37. van Tienderen, P.H. 1991. Evolution of generalists and specialists in spatially heterogeneous environments. Evolution 45: 1317-1331.
38. Via, S. & Lande, R. 1985. Genotype-environment interaction and the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. Evolution 39: 505-522.
39. Wagner, G.P. 1996. Homologues, natural kinds, and the evolution of modularity. Am. Zool. 36: 36-43.
40. Wainwright, P.C. 1996. Ecological explanation through functional morphology: the feeding biology of sunfishes. Ecology 77: 1336-1343.
41. Wassersug, R.J. 1989. Locomotion in amphibian larvae (or 'Why aren't tadpoles built like fishes?'). Am. Zool. 29: 65-84.
42. Wassersug, R.J. & Hoff, K.V.S. 1985. Kinematics of swimming in anuran larvae. J. Exp. Biol. 119: 1-30.
43. Watkins, T.B. 1996. Predator-mediated selection on burst swimming performance in tadpoles of the pacific tree frog, Pseudacris regilla. Physiol. Zool. 69: 154-167.
44. Webb, P.W. 1984. Body form, locomotion, and foraging in aquatic vertebrates. Am. Zool. 24: 107-120.
45. Webb, P.W. 1986. Locomotion and predator-prey relationships. In: Predator-Prey Relationships (M. E. Feder & G. V. Lauder, eds), pp. 24-41. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois.
46. Weihs, D. 1989. Design features and mechanics of axial locomotion of fish. Am. Zool. 29: 151-160.
47. Weihs, D. & Webb, P.W. 1984. Optimal avoidance and evasion tactics in predator-prey interactions. J. Theor. Biol. 106: 189-206.
48. Weisberg, S. 1985. Applied Linear Regression. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
49. Werner, E.E. & Anholt, B.R. 1993. Ecological consequences of the trade-off between growth and mortality rates mediated by foraging activity. Am. Nat. 142: 242-272.
50. Werner, E.E. & McPeek, M.A. 1994. Direct and indirect effects of predators on two anuran species along an environmental gradient. Ecology 75: 1368-1382.
51. Wilson, D.J. & Lefcort, H. 1993. The effect of predator diet on the alarm response of red-legged frog, Rana aurora, tadpoles. Anim. Behav. 46: 1017-1019.