Molecular prognostic factors in rectal cancer treated by radiation and surgery

Diseases of the Colon and Rectum

Volumn 43, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 451-459

  Qiu, Hongming ^a   Sirivongs, Prayuth ^a   Rothenberger, Meghan ^a   Rothenberger, David A ^a   García Aguilar, Julio ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

bcl 2; Microvessel count; MSI; p21; p53; PCNA; Radiation therapy; Rectal cancer; VEGF

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CELL NUCLEUS ANTIGEN; PROTEIN BCL 2; PROTEIN P21; PROTEIN P53; VASCULOTROPIN;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CANCER CONTROL; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER RECURRENCE; CANCER SURGERY; CANCER SURVIVAL; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PROGNOSIS; RECTUM CANCER; SURVIVAL RATE;

EID: 0033994163     PISSN: 00123706     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF02237186     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Rider WD, Palmer JA, Mahoney LJ, Robertson CT. Preoperative irradiation in operable cancer of the rectum: report of the Toronto trial. Can J Surg 1977;20:335-8.
2. Kodner IJ, Shemesh EI, Fry RD, et al. Preoperative irradiation for rectal cancer: improved local control and long-term survival. Ann Surg 1989;209:194-9.
3. Gerard A, Buyse M, Nordlinger B, et al. Preoperative radiotherapy as adjuvant treatment in rectal cancer: final results of a randomized study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). Ann Surg 1988;208:606-14.
4. Stockholm Rectal Cancer Study Group. Preoperative short-term radiation therapy in operable rectal carcinoma: a prospective randomized trial. Cancer 1990;66: 49-55.
5. Marsh PJ, James RD, Schofield PF. Adjuvant preoperative radiotherapy for locally advanced rectal carcinoma: results of a prospective, randomized trial. Dis Colon Rectum 1994;37:1205-14.
6. Holm T, Rutqvist L-E, Johansson H, Cedermark B. Abdominoperineal resection and anterior resection in the treatment of rectal cancer: results in relation to adjuvant preoperative radiotherapy. Br J Surg 1995;82:1213-6.
7. Medical Research Council Rectal Cancer Working Party. Randomised trial of surgery alone versus radiotherapy followed by surgery for potentially operable locally advanced rectal cancer. Lancet 1996;348:1605-10.
8. Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial. Improved survival with preoperative radiotherapy in resectable rectal cancer. N Engl J Med 1997;336:980-7.
9. Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group. Prolongation of the disease-free interval in surgically treated rectal carcinoma. N Engl J Med 1985;23:1465-72.
10. Fisher B, Wolmark N, Rockette H, et al. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy for rectal cancer: results from NSABP protocol R-01. J Natl Cancer Inst 1988;80:21-9.
11. Krook JE, Moertel CG, Gunderson LL, et al. Effective surgical adjuvant therapy for high-risk rectal carcinoma. N Engl J Med 1991;324:709-15.
12. O'Connell MJ, Martenson JA, Wieand HS, et al. Improving adjuvant therapy for rectal cancer by combining protracted-infusion fluorouracil with radiation therapy after curative surgery. N Engl J Med 1994;331:502-7.
13. Medical Research Council Rectal Cancer Working Party. Randomised trial of surgery alone versus surgery followed by radiotherapy for mobile cancer of the rectum. Lancet 1996;348:1610-4.
14. 4 rectal cancer. Br J Surg 1997;84:1445-8.
15. Grann A, Minsky BD, Cohen AM, et al. Preliminary results of preoperative 5-fluorouracil, low-dose leucovorin, and concurrent radiation therapy for clinically resectable T3 rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 1997;40: 515-22.
16. Berard p, Papillon J. Role of pre-operative irradiation for anal preservation in cancer of the low rectum. World J Surg 1992;16:502-9.
17. Burke SJ, Percarpio BA, Knight DC, Kwasnik EM. Combined preoperative radiation and mitomycin/5-fluorouracil treatment for locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma. J Am Coll Surg 1998;187:164-70.
18. Habr-Gama A, de Souza PM, Ribeiro U, et al. Low rectal cancer: impact of radiation and chemotherapy on surgical treatment. Dis Colon Rectum 1998;41:1087-96.
19. Orrom WJ, Wong WD, Rothenberger DA, Jensen LL, Goldberg SM. Endorectal ultrasound in the preoperative staging of rectal tumors. Dis Colon Rectum 1990; 33:654-9.
20. Hildebrandt U, Feifel G. Preoperative staging of rectal cancer by intrarectal ultrasound. Dis Colon Rectum 1985;28:42-6.
21. Bernini A, Deen KI, Madoff RA, Wong WD. Preoperative adjuvant radiation with chemotherapy for rectal cancer: its impact on stage of disease and the role of endorectal ultrasound. Ann Surg Oncol 1996;3:131-5.
22. Deen KI, Madoff RD, Belmonte C, Wong WD. Preoperative staging of rectal neoplasms with endorectal ultrasonography. Semin Colon Rectal Surg 1995;6:78-85.
23. Spitz FR, Giacco GG, Hess K, et al. p53 immunohistochemical staining predicts residual disease after chemoradiation in patients with high-risk rectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 1997;3:1685-90.
24. Fu CG, Tominaga O, Nagawa H, et al. Role of p53 and p21/WAF1 detection in patient selection for preoperative radiotherapy in rectal cancer patients. Dis Colon Rectum 1998;41:68-74.
25. Levine AJ. p53, the cellular gatekeeper for growth and division. Cell 1997;88:323-31.
26. Brugarolas J, Chandrasekaran C, Gordon JI, Beach D, Jacks T, Hannon GJ. Radiation-induced cell cycle arrest compromised by p21 deficiency. Nature 1995;377: 552-7.
27. Cross SM, Sanchez CA, Morgan CA, et al. A p53-dependent mouse spindle checkpoint. Science 1995; 267:1353-6.
28. Lowe SW, Ruley HE, Jacks T, Housman DE. p53-dependent apoptosis modulates the cytotoxicity of anticancer agents. Cell 1993;74:957-67.
29. Lowe SW, Bodis S, McClatchey A, et al. p53 Status and the efficacy of cancer therapy in vivo. Science 1994;266: 807-10.
30. McIlwrath AJ, Vasey PA, Ross GM, Brown R. Cell cycle arrests and radiosensitivity of human tumor cell lines: dependence on wild-type p53 for radiosensitivity. Cancer Res 1994;54:3718-22.
31. Merritt AJ, Potten CS, Kemp CJ, et al. The role of p53 in spontaneous and radiation-induced apoptosis in the gastrointestinal tract of normal and p53-deficient mice. Cancer Research 1994;54:614-7.
32. Hamada M, Fujiwara T, Hizuta A, et al. The p53 gene is a potent determinant of chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity in gastric and colorectal cancers. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1996;122:360-5.
33. Scott N, Hale A, Deakin M, et al. A histopathological assessment of the response of rectal adenocarcinoma to combination chemo-radiotherapy: relationship to apoptotic activity, p53 and bcl-2 expression. Eur J Surg Oncol 1998;24:169-73.
34. Tannapfel A, Nublein S, Fietkau R, Katalinic A, Kockerling F, Wittekind C. Apoptosis, proliferation, bax, bcl-2 and p53 status prior to and after preoperative radiochemotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998;41:585-91.
35. Diez M, Enriquez JM, Dominguez P, et al. Differences in p53 and PCNA expression in rectal adenocarcinomas due to preoperative adjuvant radiotherapy. Int J Biol Markers 1997;12:128-31.
36. Palazzo JP, Kafka NJ, Grasso L, et al. The role of p53, p21 WAF1/CIP1, and bcl-2 in radioresistant colorectal carcinoma. Hum Pathol 1997;28:1189-95.
37. Hague A, Moorghen M, Hicks D, Chapman M, Paraskeva C. Bcl-2 expression in human colorectal adenomas and carcinomas. Oncogene 1994;9:3367-70.
38. Kaklamanis L, Savage A, Whitehouse R, et al. Bcl-2 protein expression: association with p53 and prognosis in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 1998;77:1864-9.
39. Manne U, Myers RB, Moron C, et al. Prognostic significance of bcl-2 expression and p53 nuclear accumulation in colorectal adenocarcinoma. Int J Cancer 1997; 74:346-58.
40. Watson AJM, Merritt AJ, Jones LS, et al. Evidence for reciprocity of bcl-2 and p53 expression in human colorectal adenomas and carcinomas. Br J Cancer 1996;73: 889-95.
41. Ofner D, Riehemann K, Maier H, et al. Immunohistochemically detectable bcl-2 expression in colorectal carcinoma: correlation with tumour stage and patient survival. Br J Cancer 1995;72:981-5.
42. Datto MB, Li Y, Panus JF, Howe DJ, Xiong Y, Wang XF. Transforming growth factor beta induces the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 through a p53-independent mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995;92:5545-9.
43. Akashi M, Osawa Y, Koeffler HP, Hachiya M. p21WAF1 expression by an activator of protein kinase C is regulated mainly at the post-transcriptional level in cells lacking p53: important role of RNA stabilization. Biochem J 1999;337:607-16.
44. Strasser A, Harris AW, Jacks T, Cory S. DNA damage can induce apoptosis in proliferating lymphoid cells via p53-independent mechanisms inhibitable by bcl-2. Cell 1994;79:329-39.
45. Teixeira CR, Tanaka S, Haruma K, Yoshihara M, Sumii K, Kajiyama G. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression at the invasive tumor margin predicts malignant potential of colorectal carcinomas. Cancer 1994;73: 575-9.
46. Tanaka S, Haruma K, Tatsuta S, et al. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression correlates with the metastatic potential of submucosal invasive colorectal carcinoma. Oncology 1995;52:134-9.
47. Desai GR, Myerson RJ, Higashikubo R, et al. Carcinoma of the rectum: possible cellular predictors of metastatic potential and response to radiation therapy. Dis Colon Rectum 1996;39:1090-6.
48. Willett CG, Warland G, Cheek R, et al. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen and mitotic activity in rectal cancer: predictor of response to preoperative irradiation. J Clin Oncol 1994;12:679-82.
49. Willett CG, Warland G, Hagan MP, et al. Tumor Proliferation in rectal cancer following preoperative irradiation. J Clin Oncol 1995;13:1417-24.
50. Tanigawa N, Amaya H, Matsumura M, et al. Tumor angiogenesis and mode of metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer. Cancer Research 1997;57:1043-6.
51. Kang SM, Maeda K, Onoda N, et al. Combined analysis of p53 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in colorectal carcinoma for determination of tumor vascularity and liver metastasis. Int J Cancer 1997;74: 502-7.
52. Takebayashi Y, Akiyama S-I, Yamada K, Akiba S, Aikou T. Angiogenesis as an unfavorable prognostic factor in human colorectal carcinoma. Cancer 1996;78:226-31.
53. Amaya H, Tanigawa N, Lu C, et al. Association of vascular endothelial growth factor expression with tumor angiogenesis, survival and thymidine phosphorylase/platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor expression in human colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett 1997;119: 227-35.