The future of path analysis, segregation analysis, and combined models for genetic dissection of complex traits

Human Heredity

Volumn 50, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 34-42

  Rao, D C ^a   Province, M A ^a  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Combined models; False negatives; False positives; Linkage analysis; Path analysis; Segregation analysis

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; GENE SEGREGATION; GENETIC MODEL; HUMAN; MULTIFACTORIAL INHERITANCE; REGRESSION ANALYSIS;

CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION; FORECASTING; GENETICS, POPULATION; HUMANS; LINEAR MODELS; MODELS, GENETIC;

EID: 0033992495     PISSN: 00015652     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000022889     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Almasy L, Blangero J: Multipoint quantitative-trait linkage analysis in general pedigrees. Am J Hum Genet 1998;62:1198-1211.
2. Amos CI: Robust variance components approach for assessing genetic linkage in pedigrees. Am J Hum Genet 1994;54:535-543.
3. Blangero J, Almasy L: SOLAR: Sequential Oligogenic Linkage Analysis Routines. Technical notes. San Antonio, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, 1996.
4. Blangero J, Konigsberg LW: Multivariate segregation analysis using the mixed model. Genet Epidemiol 1991;8:299-316.
5. Bonney GE: On the statistical determination of major gene mechanisms in continuous human traits: Regressive models. Am J Med Genet 1984;18:731-49.
6. Breiman L, Friedman JH, Olshen RA, Stone CH: Classification and Regression Trees. Belmont, Wadsworth International Group, 1984.
7. Cheverud MJ, Routman EJ: Epistasis and its contribution to genetic variance components. Genetics 1995;139:963-971.
8. Cloninger CR, Rice J, Reich T: Multifactorial inheritance with cultural transmission and assortative mating. II. A general model of combined polygenic and cultural inheritance. Am J Hum Genet 1979;31:176-198.
9. Cloninger CR: Interpretation of intrinsic and extrinsic structural relations by path analysis: Theory and applications to assortative mating. Genet Res 1980;36:133-145.
10. Demenais FM, Laing AE, Bonney GE: Numerical comparisons of two formulations of the logistic regressive models with the mixed model in segregation analysis of discrete traits. Genet Epidemiol 1992;9:419-435.
11. Eaves LJ, Long J, Heath AC: A theory of developmental change in quantitative phenotypes applied to cognitive development. Behav Genet 1986;16:143-162.
12. Eaves LJ, Fulker DW, Heath AC: The effects of social homogamy and cultural inheritance on the covariances of twins and their parents: A LISREL model. Behav Genet 1989;19:113-122.
13. Elston RC, Stewart J: A general model for the genetic analysis of pedigree data. Hum Hered 1971;21:523-542.
14. Fay RE: Estimating nonignorable nonresponse in longitudinal surveys through causal modeling; in Panel Surveys. New York, Wiley & Sons, 1989, pp 375-399.
15. Feingold E, Brown PO, Siegmund D: Gaussian models for genetic linkage analysis using complete high-resolution maps of identity-by-descent. Am J Hum Genet 1993;53:234-251.
16. Fulker DW, Cherny SS, Cardon LR: Multipoint interval mapping of quantitative trait loci, using sib pairs. Am J Hum Genet 1995;56: 1224-1233.
17. Goldgar DE: Multipoint analysis of human quantitative traits. Am J Hum Genet 1990;47: 957-967.
18. Harville DA: Maximum likelihood approaches to variance component estimation and to related problems. J Am Stat Assoc 1977;72:320-338.
19. Hasstedt SJ: A mixed model likelihood approximation for large pedigrees. Comput Biomed Res 1982;15:295-307.
20. Hassstedt SJ: Pedigree Analysis Package. V3.0. Salt Lake City, Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, 1989.
21. Health AC, Kendler KS, Eaves LJ, Markell D: The resolution of cultural and biological inheritance: Informativeness of different relationships. Behav Genet 1985;15:439-465.
22. Hopper JL, Mathews JD: Extensions to multivariate normal models for pedigree analysis. Ann Hum Genet 1982;46:373-383.
23. Jennrich RI, Schluchter MD: Unbalanced repeated-measures models with structured covariance matrices. Biometrics 1986;42:805-820.
24. Kardia SLR, Haviland MB, Ferrell RE, Sing CF: The relationship between risk factor levels and presence of coronary artery calcification is dependent on apolipoprotein E genotype. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999;19:427-435.
25. Laird NM, Ware JH: Random-effect models for longitudinal data. Biometrics 1982;38:963-974.
26. Lalouel JM, Rao DC, Morton NE, Elston RC: A unified model for complex segregation analysis. Am J Hum Genet 1983;35:816-826.
27. Lander E, Kruglyak L: Genetic dissection of complex traits: Guidelines for interpreting and reporting linkage results. Nat Genet 1995;11: 241-247.
28. Lange K, Westlake J, Spence MA: Extensions to pedigree analysis. III. Variance components by the scoring method. Ann Hum Genet 1976; 39:485-491.
29. Li CC: Path Analysis: A primer. Pacific Grove, Boxwood, 1975.
30. Li Z, Bonney GE, Lathrop GM, Rao DC: Genetic analysis combining path analysis with regressive models: The TAU model of multifactorial transmission. Hum Hered 1994;44: 305-311.
31. Li Z, Bonney GE, Rao DC: Genetic analysis combining path analysis with regressive models: The BETA path model of polygenic and familial environmental transmission. Genet Epidemiol 1994;11:431-442.
32. Liang KY, Zeger SI: Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika 1986;73:13-22.
33. Morton NE: Genetic tests under incomplete ascertainment. Am J Hum Genet 1959;11:1-16.
34. Morton NE: The detection of major genes under additive continuous variation. Am J Hum Genet 1967;19:23-34.
35. Morton NE: Analysis of family resemblance. I. Introduction. Am J Hum Genet 1974;26:318-330.
36. Morton NE, MacClean CJ: Analysis of familial resemblance. III. Complex segregation analysis of quantitative traits. Am J Hum Genet 1974; 26:489-503.
37. Morton NE, Rao DC, Lalouel JM: Methods in Genetic Epidemiology. Basel, Karger, 1983.
38. Neale MC, Cardon LR: Methodology for Genetic Studies of Twins and Families. Boston, Kluwer, 1992.
39. Province MA, Rao DC: A new model for the resolution of cultural and biological inheritance in the presence of temporal trends: Application to systolic blood pressure. Genet Epidemiol 1985;2:363-374.
40. Province MA, Rao DC: General purpose model and a computer program for combined segregation and path analysis (SEGPATH): Automatically creating computer programs from symbolic language model specifications. Genet Epidemiol 1995;12:203-219.
41. Province MA, Rice T, Borecki IB, Gu C, Rao DC: A multivariate and multilocus variance components approach using structural relationships to assess quantitative trait linkage via SEGPATH. Genet Epidemiol, submitted.
42. Province MA: A single, sequential, genomewide test of simultaneously identify all promising areas in a linkage scan. Genet Epidemiol. submitted.
43. Rao CR: Estimation of variance anc covariance components in linear models. J Am Stat Assoc 1972;67:112-115.
44. Rao DC, Morton NE. Yee S: Analysis of family resemblance. II. A linear model for familial correlation. Am J Hum Genet 1974;26:331-359.
45. Rao DC, Morton NE, Cloninger CR: Path analysis under generalized assortative mating. I. Theory. Genet Res 1979;33:175-188.
46. Rao DC: CAT scans, PET scans and genomic scans. Genet Epidemiol 1998;15:1-18.
47. Schork NJ: Extended multipoint identity-by-descent analysis of human quantitative traits. Am J Hum Genet 1993;53:1306-1319.
48. Searle SR, Casella G, McCulloch CE: Variance Components. New York, Wiley & Sons, 1992.
49. Shannon W, Province MA, Rao DC: Tree-based recursive partitioning methods for subdividing sibpairs into relatively more homogeneous subgroups. Genet Epidemiol, submitted.
50. Todorov AA, Rao DC: Trade-off between false positives and false negatives in the linkage analysis of complex traits. Genet Epidemiol 1997;14:453-464.
51. Todorov AA, Vogler GP, Gu C, Province MA, Li Z, Heath AC, Rao DC: Testing causal hypotheses in multivariate linkage analysis of quantitative traits: General formulation and application to sibpair data. Genet Epidemiol 1998;15:263-278.
52. Van den Oord: A framework for identifying quantitative trait loci in association studies using structural equation modeling. Genet Epidemiol, submitted.
53. Vogler GP, Rao DC, Laskarzewski PM, Glueck CJ, Russell JM: Multivariate analysis of lipoprotein cholesterol fractions. Am J Epidemiol 1987;125:706-719.
54. Weinberg W: Weitere Beiträge zur Theorie der Vererbung. 4. Über Methode und Fehlerquellen der Untersuchung auf Mendelsche Zahlen beim Menschen. Arch Rass Gesellschaftsbiol 1912;9:165-174.
55. Williams JT, Blangero J: Comparison of variance components and sibpair-based approaches in quantitative trait linkage analysis in unselected samples. Am J Hum Genet, in press.
56. Wolfinger RD: Covariance structure selection in general mixed models. Commun Stat Simul Comput 1993;22:1079-1106.
57. Wolfinger RD, Tobias RD, Sail J: Computing gaussian likelihoods and their derivatives for general linear mixed models. SIAM J Sci Comput 1994;15:1294-1310.
58. Wright S: Correlation and causation. J Agric Res 1921;20:557-585.
59. Wright S: Evolution and the Genetics of Populations. Variability within and among Natural Populations. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1978, vol 4.
60. Armitage P, Colton T (eds): Encyclopedia of Biostatistics. New York, Wiley & Sons, 1998, vol 4.