Immediate early gene expression within the visual system: Light and circadian regulation in the retina and the suprachiasmatic nucleus

Neurochemical Research

Volumn 25, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 153-162

  Caputto, B L ^a   Guido, M E ^a  

^a UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE CÓRDOBA   (Argentina)

Author keywords

Circadian rhythms; Immediate early genes; Light stimulation; Phospholipid metabolism; Retina; Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Indexed keywords

IMMEDIATE EARLY PROTEIN; PHOSPHOLIPID; PROTEIN C FOS;

ARTICLE; CHICKEN; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; GENE EXPRESSION; HUMAN; IMMEDIATE EARLY GENE; LIGHT; MULTIGENE FAMILY; NONHUMAN; PHOSPHOLIPID SYNTHESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETINA; SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS; VISUAL SYSTEM;

ANIMALS; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENES, FOS; GENES, IMMEDIATE-EARLY; HUMANS; LIGHT; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; RETINA; SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS;

GALLUS GALLUS; MAMMALIA;

EID: 0033985367     PISSN: 03643190     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1007508020173     Document Type: Article

References (154)

1. Cochran, B. H., Reffel, A. C., and Stiles, C. D. 1983. Molecular cloning of gene secuences regulated by platelet-derived growth factor. Cell 33:939-947.
2. Lau, L. F., and Nathans, D. 1987. Expression of a set of growth-related immediate-early genes in BALB/c 3T3 cells: coordinate regulation with c-fos or c-myc. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:1182-1186.
3. Curran, T., and Morgan, J. I. 1987. Memories of fos. Bioessays 7:255-258.
4. Sheng, M., and Greenberg, M. E. 1990. The regulation and function of c-fos and other immediate early genes in the nervous system. Neuron, 4:477-485.
5. Doucet, J. P., Squinto, S. P., and Bazan, N. G. 1990. Fos-Jun and the primary genomic response in the nervous system: possible physiological and pathophysiological significance. Mol. Neurobiol. 4:27-55.
6. Morgan, J. I., and Curran, T. 1991. Stimulus-transcription coupling in the nervous system. Involvement of the inducible protooncogenes fos and jun. Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 14:421-451.
7. Robertson, H. A. 1992. Immediate-early genes, neuronal plasticity and memory. Biochem. Cell Biol. 70:729-737.
8. Curran, T., and Morgan, J. I. 1995. Fos: and immediate early transcription factor in neurons. J. Neurobiol. 26:403-412.
9. Hughes, P., and Dragunow, M. 1995. Induction of immediate-early genes and the control of neurotransmitter-regulated gene expression within the nervous system. Pharmacol. Rev., 47:133-178.
10. Morgan, J. I., and Curran, T. 1995. Immediate-early genes: ten years on. Trends Neurosci. 18:66-67.
11. Carbone, M., and Levine, A. S. 1990. Oncogenes, antioncogenes and the regulation of cell growth. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 1:248-253.
12. Sassone-Corsi, P., Sisson, J., and Verma, I. 1988. Transcriptional autoregulation of the proto-oncogene fos. Nature 334:314-319.
13. Gius, D., Cao, X., Rauscher, F. J., II, I., Cohen, D. R., Curran, T., and Sukhatme, V. P. 1990. Transcriptional activation and repression by Fos are independent functions: The C terminus represses immediate-early gene expression via CArG elements. Mol. Cel. Biol. 10:4243-4255.
14. Lucibello, F., Lowag, C., Neuberg, M., and Müller, R. 1989. Transrepression of the mouse c-fos promoter: a novel mechanism of Fos-mediated trans-regulation. Cell 59:999-1007.
15. Halazonetis, T., Georgopoulos, K., Greenberg, M., and Leder, P. 1988. c-jun dimerizes with itself and with c-fos forming complexes of different DNA binding affinities. Cell 55:917-924.
16. Kouzarides, T. and Ziff, E. 1989. The role of the leucine zipper in the fos-jun interaction. Nature (Lond.) 336:646-651.
17. Nakabeppu, Y., Ryder, K., and Nathans, D. 1988. DNA binding activities of three different jun proteins: stimulation by Fos. Cell 55:907-915.
18. Rauscher, F., Sambucetti, L., Curran, T., Distel, R., and Spiegelman, B. 1988. Common DNA binding site for fos protein complexes and transcription factor AP-1. Cell 52:471-480.
19. Kouzarides, T. and Ziff, E. 1989. Leucine zippers of fos, jun and GCN4 dictate dimerization specificity and thereby control DNA binding. Nature 340:568-571.
20. Landschulz, W. H., Johnson, P. F., and McKnight, S. L. 1988. The leucine binding zipper: a hypothetical structure common to a new class of DNA binding proteins. Science 240:1759-1764.
21. Angel, P., and Karin, M. 1991. The role of Jun, Fos and the AP-1 complex in cell-proliferation and transformation. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1072:129-157.
22. Lee, W., Mitchell. P., and Tijan, R. (1987) Purified tranascription factor AP-1 interacts with TCA-inducible enhancer elements. Cell 49:741-752.
23. Smeyne, R. J., Schilling, K., Robertson, L., Luk, D., Oberdick, J., Curran, T., and Morgan, J. I. 1992. Fos-lacZ transgenic mice: mapping sites of gene induction in the central nervous system. Neuron 8:13-23.
24. Grigoriadis, A. E., Schellander, K., Wang, Z.-Q., and Wagner, E. F. 1993. Osteoblasts are target cells for transformation in c-fos transgenic mice. J. Cell Biol. 122:685-701.
25. Robertson, L. M., Kerppola, T. K., Vendrell, M., Luk, D., Smeyne, R. J., Bocchiaro, C., Morgan, J. I. And Curran, T. 1995. Regulation of c-fos expression in transgenic mice requires multiple interdependent transcription control elements. Neuron 14:241-252.
26. Smeyne, R. J., Vendrell, M., Hayward, M., Baker, S. J., Miao, G. G., Schilling, K., Robertson, L. M., Curran, T., and Morgan, J. I. 1993. Continuous c-fos expression precedes programmed cell death in vivo. Nature 363:166-169.
27. Hüll, M., and Bähr, M. 1994. Differential regulation of c-Jun expression in rat retinal ganglion cells after proximal and distal optic nerve transection. Neurosci. Lett. 178:39-42.
28. Herdegen, T., Fiallos-Estrada, C. E., Bravo, R., and Zimmerman, M. 1993. Colocalisation and covariation of the nuclear c-Jun protein with galanin in primary afferent neurons and with CGRP in spinal motoneurons following transection of rat sciatic nerve. Mol. Brain Res. 17:147-154.
29. Leah, J. D., Herdegen, T., Kovary, K., and Bravo, R. 1991. Selective expression of JUN proteins following peripheral axotomy and axonal transport block in the rat: evidence for a role in the regeneration process. Brain Res. 566:198-207.
30. Zimmerman, M. and Herdegen, T. 1994. Control of gene transcription by Jun and Fos proteins in the nervous system: Beneficial or harmful molecular mechanisms of neuronal response to noxious stimulation? APS J. 3:33-48.
31. Jensen, F. E, Firkusny, I. R., and Mower, G. D. 1993. Differences in c-fos immunoreactivity due to age and mode of seizure induction. Mol. Brain Res. 17:185-193.
32. Dragunow, M., Peterson, M. R., and Robertson, H. A. 1987. Presence of c-fos-like immunoreactivity in the adult rat brain. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 135:113-114.
33. Morgan, J. I., Cohen, D. R., Hempstead, J. L. and Curran, T. 1987. Mapping patterns of of c-fos expression in the central nervous system after seizure. Science (Wash. D.C.) 237:192-197.
34. Dragunow, M., and Robertson, H. A. 1988. Localization and induction of c-fos protein-like immunoreactive material in the nuclei of adult mammalian neurons. Brain Res. 440:252-260.
35. Mellstrom, B., Achaval, M., Montero, D., Naranjo, J. R., and Sassone-Corsi, P. 1991. Differential expression of the jun family members in rat brain. Oncogene 6:1959-1964.
36. Schlingensiepen, K. H., Luno, K., and Brysch, W. 1991. High basal expression of the zif268 immediate early gene in cortical layers IV and VI in CA1 and in corpus striatum -an in situ hybridization study. Neurosci. Lett. 122:67-70.
37. Mack, K., Milbrandt, J., and Gottlieb, D. I. 1990. Localization of the NGF-1 protein in rat brain. Mol. Brain Res. 8:177-180.
38. Hunt, S. P., Pini, A., and Evan, G. 1987. Induction of c-fos-like protein in spinal cord neurons following sensorial stimulation. Nature 328:632-634.
39. Dragunow, M., and Robertson, H. A. 1987. Generalized seizures induce c-fos protein(s) in mammalian neurons. Neurosci. Lett., 82:157-161.
40. Le Gal La Salle, G., and Naquet, R. 1990. Audiogenic seizure evoked in DBA/2 mice induce c-fos oncogene expression into subcortical nuclei. Brain Res., 518:308-312.
41. White, J., and Gall, C. 1987. Differential regulation of neuropeptide and proto-oncogene mRNA content in the brain hippocampus following recurrent seizures. Mol. Brain Res., 3: 21-29.
42. Saffen, D., Cole, A., Worley, P., Christy, B., Ryder, K., and Baraban, J. 1988. Convulsant-induced increase in transcription factor messenger RNAs in rat brain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 85:7795-7799.
43. Sonnenberg, J., Macgreggor-Leon, P., Curran, T., and Morgan, J. 1989. Dynamic alterations occur in the levels and composition of transcription factor AP-1 complexes after seizure. Neuron. 3:359-365.
44. Ceccatelli, S., Villar, M., Goldstein, M., and Horfelt, T. 1989. Expression of c-Fos immunoreactivity in transmitter-characterized neurons after stress. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:9569-9573.
45. Sharp, F. R., Sagar, S. M., Hicks, K., Lowenstein, D., and Hisanaga, K. 1991. c-fos mRNA, Fos and Fos-related antigen induction by hypertonic saline and stress. J. Neurosci. 11:2321-2331.
46. Honkaniemi, J. 1992. Colocalization of peptide- and tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivities with Fos-immunoreactive neurons in rat central amygdaloid nucleus after immobilization stress. Brain Res., 598:107-113.
47. Covenas, R., de Leon, M., Cintra, A., Bjelke, B., Gustafsson, J. A., and Fuxe, K. 1993. Coexistence of c-Fos and glucocorticoid receptor immunoreactivities in the CRF immunoreactive neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus of the rat after acute immobilization stress. Neurosci. Lett., 149:149-152.
48. Strassman, A. M., and Vos, B. P. 1993. Somatotopic and laminar organization of Fos-like immunoreactivity in the medullary and upper dorsal horn induced by noxious facial stimulation in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol., 331:495-516.
49. Bullitt, E. 1989. Induction of c-fos-like protein within the lumbar spinal cord and thalamus of the rat following peripheral stimulation. Brain Res., 494:391-397.
50. Bullitt, E. 1990. Expression of c-fos-like protein as a marker for neuronal activity following noxious stimulation of the rat. J. Comp. Neurol., 296:517-530.
51. Wisden, W., Errington, M. L., Williams, S., Dunnett, S. B., Waters, C., Hitchcock, D., Evans, G., Bliss, T. V. P., and Hunt, S. P. 1990. Differential expression of immediate early genes in the hippocampus and the spinal cord. Neuron 4:603-614.
52. Tolle, T. R., Castro-Lopes, J. M., Coimbra, A., and Zieglgansberger, W. 1990. Opiates modify induction of c-fos proto-oncogene in the spinal cord of the rat following noxious stimulation. Neurosci. Lett. 111:46-51.
53. Herdegen, T., Leah, J. D., Manisali, A., Bravo, R., and Zimmerman, M. 1991. c-Jun immunoreactivity in the CNS of the adult rat: basal and transynaptically induced expression of an immediate early gene. Neuroscience 41:643-654.
54. Naranjo, J. R., Mellstrom, B., Achaval, M., Lucas, J. J., Del Rio, J., and Sassone-Corsi, P. 1991. Co-induction of jun B and c-fos in a subset of neurons in the spinal cord. Oncogene 6:223-227.
55. Jenkins, R., and Hunt, T. 1991. Long-term increase in the levels of c-jun mRNA and Jun protein-like immunoreactivity in motor and sensory neurons following axon damage. Neurosci. Lett. 129:107-110.
56. Haas, C. A., Donath, C., and Kreutzberg, G. W. 1993. Differential expression of immediate-early genes after transection of the facial nerve. Neuroscience 53:91-99.
57. Dragunow, M. 1992. Axotomized medial septal-diagonal band neurons express Jun-like immunoreactivity. Mol. Brain Res. 15:141-144.
58. Rutherford, S. D., Louis, W. J. and Gundlach, A. L. 1993. Induction of c-jun expression in vagal motoneurones following axotomy. NeuroReport 3:465-468.
59. Onodera, H., Kogure, K., Ono, Y., Igarashi, K., Kiyota, Y., and Nagaoka,.A. 1989. Proto-oncogene c-fos is transiently induced in the rat cerebral cortex after forebrain ischemia. Neurosci. Lett., 98:101-104.
60. Jorgenson, M., Deckert, J., Wright, D., and Gehlert, D. 1989. Delayed c-fos proto-oncogene expression in the rat hippocampus induced by transient global cerebral ischemia: an in situ hybridization study. Brain Res., 484:393-398.
61. Dragunow, M., and Robertson, H. 1988. Brain injury induces c-fos protein(s) in nerve and glial-like cells in adult mammalian brain. Brain Res. 455:295-299.
62. Kaczmareck, L., and Chaudhuri, A. 1997. Sensory regulation of immediate-early gene expression in mammalian visual cortex: implications for functional mapping and neural plasticity. Brain Res. Rev. 23:237-256.
63. Sagar, S. M., and Sharp, F. R. 1990. Light induces a Fos-like nuclear antigen in retinal neurons. Mol. Brain Res. 7:17-21.
64. Earnest, D. J., Iadarola, M., Yeh, H. H. and Olschowka, J. A: 1990. Photic regulation of c-fos expression in neural components governing the entrainment of circadian rhythms. Exp. Neurol. 109:353-361.
65. Chambille, I., Doyle, S., and Servière, J. 1993. Photic induction and circadian expression of Fos-like protein. Immunohistochemical study in the retina and suprachiasmatic nuclei of hamster. Brain Res. 612:138-150.
66. Yoshida, K., Kawamura, K., and Imaki, J. 1993. Differential expression of c-fos mRNA in rat retinal cells: regulation by light/dark cycle. Neuron 10:1049-1054.
67. Gudehithlu, K. P., Neff, N. H., and Hadjiconstantinou, M. 1993. c-fos and NGFI-A mRNA of rat retina: evidence for light-induced augmentation and a role for cholinergic and glutamate receptors. Brain Res. 631:77-82.
68. Guido, M. E., de Arriba Zerpa, G. A., Bussolino, D. F., and Caputto, B. L. 1996. The immediate early gene c-fos regulates the synthesis of phospholipids but not of gangliosides. J. Neurosci. Res., 43:93-98.
69. Bussolino, D. F, de Arriba Zerpa, G., Grabois, V. R., Conde, C., Guido, M. E., and Caputto, B. L. 1998. Light affects c-fos expression and phospholipid synthesis in both retinal ganglion cells and photoreceptor cells in an opposite way for each cell type. Mol. Brain Res. 58:10-15.
70. Ohki, K., Yoshida, K., Harada, T., Takamura, M., Matsuda, H., and Imaki, J. 1996. c-fos gene expression in postnatal rat retinas with light/dark cycle. Vis. Res. 36:1883-1886.
71. Imaki, J., Yamashita, K., Yamkawa, A., and Yoshida, K. 1995. Expression of jun family genes in rat retinal cells: regulation by light/dark cycle. Mol. Brain Res. 30:48-52.
72. Sagar, S. M., Edwards, R. H., and Sharp, F. R. 1991. Epidermal growth factor and Transforming growth factor a induce c-fos gene expression in retinal Muller cells in vivo. J. Neurosci. Res. 29:549-559.
73. Cao, W., Li, F., Steinberg, R. H., and La Vail, M. M. 1998. Induction of cfos and c-jun mRNA expression by basic fibroblast growth factor in cultured rat Muller cells. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 39:565-573.
74. Chambille, I. 1998. Retinal ganglion cells expressing the Fos protein after light stimulation in the Syrian hamster are relatively insensitive to neonatal treatment with monosodium glutamate. J. Comp. Neurol. 392:458-467.
75. Araki, C. M., and Hamassaki-Britto, D. E. 1998. Motion-sensitive neurons in the chick retina: a study using Fos immunochemistry. Brain Res. 794:333-337.
76. Osborne, N. N., and Barnett, N. L. 1992. An intraocular injection of kainate induces expression of c-fos-like protein and activation of protein kinase C (a) in specific rabbit retinal neurons. Mol. Brain Res. 15:108-112.
77. Yoshida, K., Imaki, J., Matsuda, H., and Hagiwara, M. 1995. Light-induced CREB phosphorylation and gene expression in rat retinal cells. J. Neurochem. 65:1499-1504.
78. Yoshida, K., Imaki, J., Fujisawa, H, Harada, T., Ohki, K., Matsuda, H., and Hagiwara, M. 1996. Differential distribution of CaM kinases and induction of c-fos expression by flashing and sustained light in rat retinal cells. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 37:174-179.
79. Dutt, K., Ezenou, I., Scott, M., Semple, E., and Srinivasan, A. 1996. Proto-oncogene expression in cAMP and TPA-mediated neuronal differentiation in a human retinal cell line KGLDMSM. Curr. Eye Res. 15:477-485.
80. Mallo, G., Goldstein, J., Lopez-Costa, J. J., and Savedra, J. P. 1995. Expression of c-fos and c-jun in rat retina following protracted illumination. Brain Res. 693:196-200.
81. Harada, T., Imaki, J., Ohki, K., Ono, K., Ohashi, T., Matsuda, H., and Yoshida, K. 1996. Cone-associated c-fos gene expression in the light-damaged rat retina. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 37:1250-1255.
82. Rich, K. A., Zhan, Y., and Blanks, J. C. 1997. Aberrant expression of C-fos accompanies photoreceptor cell death in the rd mouse. J. Neurobiol. 32:593-612.
83. Hafezi, F., Steinbach, J. P., Marti, A., Munz, K., Wang, Z. Q., Wagner, E. F., Aguzzi, A., and Reme, C. E. 1997. The absence of c-fos prevents light-induced apoptotic cell death of photoreceptors in retinal degeneration in vivo. Nature Med. 3:346-349.
84. Huerta, J. J., Llamosas, M. M., Cernuda-Cernuda, R., and Garcia-Fernandez, J. M. 1997. Fos expression in the retina of rd/rd mice during the light/dark cycle. Neurosci. Lett. 232:143-146.
85. Hafezi, F., Abegg, M., Grimm, C., Wenzel, A., Munz, K., Sturmer, J., Farber, D. B., and Reme, C. E. 1998. Retinal degeneration in the rd mouse in the absence of c-fos. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 39:2239-2244.
86. Rusak, B., and Zucker, I. 1979. Neural regulation of circadian rhythms. Physiol. Rev. 59:449-527.
87. Meijer, J. H., and Rietveld, W. J. 1989. Neurophysiology of the suprachiasmatic circadian pacemaker in rodents. Physiol. Rev. 69:671-707.
88. Hastings, J. W., Rusak, B., and Boulos, Z. 1991. Circadian rhythms: The physiology of biological timing. In Neural and integrative animal physiology, Prosser, C. L. (Ed.), Wiley-Liss Inc, New York.
89. Morin, L. P. 1994. The circadian visual system. Brain Res. Rev. 19:102-127.
90. Groos, G. A., and Mason, R. 1978. Maintained discharge of rat suprachiasmatic neurons at different adaptation levels. Neurosci. Lett. 8:59-64.
91. Meijer, J. H., Groos, G. A., and Rusak, B. 1986. Luminance coding in a circadian pacemaker: The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the rat and the hamster. Brain Res. 382:109-118.
92. Rea, M. 1989. Light increases Fos-related protein immunoreactivity in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. Brain Res. Bull. 23:577-581.
93. Aronin, N., Sagar, S., Sharp, F., and Schwartz, W. 1990. Light regulates expression of a Fos-related protein in rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:5959-5962.
94. Kornhauser, J. M., Nelson, D. E., Mayo, K. E., and Takahashi, J. S. 1990. Photic and circadian regulation of c-fos gene expression in the hamster suprachiasmatic nucleus. Neuron 5:127-134.
95. Kernhauser, J. M., Nelson, D. E., Mayo, K. E., and Takahashi, J. S. 1992. Regulation of junB messenger RNA and AP-1 activity by light and a circadian clock. Science 255:1581-1584.
96. Rusak, B., Robertson, H. A., Wisden, W., and Hunt, S. P. 1990. Light pulses that shift rhythms induce gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Science 248:1237-1240.
97. Rusak, B., McNaughton, L., Robertson, H. A., and Hunt, S. P. 1992. Circadian variation in photic regulation of immediate-early gene mRNAs in rat suprachiasmatic nucleus cells. Mol. Brain Res. 14:124-130.
98. Schwartz, W. J., Takeuchi, J., Shannon, W., Davis, E. M., and Aronin, N. 1994. Temporal regulation of light-induced Fos and Fos-like protein expression in the ventrolateral subdivision of the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. Neurosci. 58:573-583.
99. Peters, R. V., Aronin, N., and Schwartz, W. J. 1994. Circadian regulation of FosB is different from c-Fos in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. Mol. Brain Res. 27:243-248.
100. Guido, M. E., Rusak, B., and Robertson, H. A. 1995. Light-induced and circadian expression of fosB, c-fos, junB and c-jun in the hamster suprachiasmatic nucleus. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 21:658.14.
101. Guido, M. E., Rusak, B., and Robertson, H. A. 1996. Spontaneous circadian and light-induced expression of junB mRNA in the hamster suprachiasmatic nucleus, Brain Res. 732:215-222.
102. Guido, M. E., Rusak, B., and Robertson, H. A. 1996. Expression of fosB mRNA in the hamster suprachiasmatic nucleus is induced at only selected circadian phases. Brain Res. 739:132-138.
103. Guido, M. E., Goguen, D. M., Guido, L. de, Robertson, H. A. and Rusak, B. 1999. Circadian and photic regulation of immediate-early gene expression in the hamster suprachiasmatic nucleus. Neurosci. 90:555-571.
104. Massana, M. I., Benloucif, S., and Dubocovich, M. L. 1996. Light-induced c-fos mRNA expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the retina of C3H/HeN mice. Mol. Brain Res. 42:193-201.
105. Bennett, M. R., Aronin, N., and Schwartz, W. J. 1996. In vitro stimulation of c-Fos protein expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamic slices. Molec. Brain Res. 42:140-144.
106. Geusz, M. E., Fletcher, C., Block, G. D., Straume, M., Copeland, N. G., Jenkins, N. A., Kay, S. A., and Day, R. N. 1997. Long-term monitoring of circadian rhythms in c-fos gene expression from suprachiasmatic nucleus cultures. Curr. Biol. 7:758-766.
107. Sutin, E. L., and Kilduff, T. S. 1992. Circadian and light-induced expression of immediate-early gene mRNAs in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. Mol. Brain Res. 15:281-290.
108. Sumova, A., Travnickova, Z., Mikkelsen, J. D., and Illnerova, H. 1998. Spontaneous rhythm in c-Fos immunoreactivity in the dorsomedial part of the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. Brain Res. 801:254-258.
109. Abe, H., Honma, S., Shinohara, K., and I-Honma, K. 1995. Circadian modulation in photic induction of Fos-like immunoreactivity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus cells of diurnal chipmunk, Eutamias asiaticus. J. Comp. Physiol. A. 176:159-167.
110. Takeuchi, J., Shannon, W., Aronin, N., and Schwartz, W. J. 1993. Compositional changes of AP-1 DNA-binding proteins are regulated by light in a mammalian circadian clock. Neuron 11:825-836.
111. Guido, M. E., Goguen, D., Robertson, H.A., and Rusak, B. 1996. Spontaneous and light-evoked expression of JunB-like protein in the hamster suprachiasmatic nucleus near subjective dawn. Neurosci. Lett. 217:9-12.
112. Tanaka, M., Amaya, F., Tamada, Y., Okamura, H., Hisa, Y., and Ibata, Y. 1997. Induction of NGFI-A gene expression in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus by photic stimulation. Brain Res. 756:305-310.
113. Lin, J. T., Kernhauser, J. M., Singh, N. P., Mayo, K. E., and Takahashi, J. S. 1997. Visual sensitivities of nur77 (NGFI-B) and zif268 (NGFI-A) induction in the suprachiasmatic nucleus are dissociated from c-fos induction and behavioral phase-shifting responses. Mol Brain Res. 46:303-310.
114. Morris, M. E., Viswanathan, N., Kuhlman, S., Davis, F. C., and Weitz, C. J. 1998. A screen for genes induced in the supra-chiasmatic nucleus by light. Science 279:1544-1547.
115. Ebling, F. J. P., Maywood, E. S., Mehta, M., Hancock, D. C., McNulty, S., De Bono, J., Bray, S. J., and Hastings, M. H. 1996. FosB in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the Syrian and Siberian hamster. Brain Res. Bull. 41,5:257-268.
116. Trávnícková, Z., Sumová, A., Peters, R., Schwartz, W. J., and Illnerová, H. 1996. Photoperiod-dependent correlation between light-induced SCN c-fos expression and resetting of circadian phase. Am. J. Physiol. 271:R825-R831.
117. Ginty, D. D:, Kernhauser, J. M., Thompson, M. A:, Bading, G., Mayo, K. E., Takkahashi, J. S., and Greenberg, M. E. 1993. Regulation of CREB phosphorylation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus by light and a circadian clock. Science 260:238-241.
118. Treisman, R. 1986. Identification of a protein-binding site that mediates transcriptional response of c-fos gene to serum factor. Cell 46:567-574.
119. Kernhauser, J. M., Mayo, K. E., and Takahashi, J. S. 1996. Light, immediate-early genes and circadian rhythms. Behav. Genetics 26:221-240.
120. Rusak, B., and Bina, K. G. 1990. Neurotransmitters in the mammalian circadian system. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 13:387-401.
121. Li, X., Hallqvist, A., Jacobson, I., Orwar, O., and Sandberg, M. 1996. Studies on the identity of rat optic nerve transmitters. Brain Res. 706:89-86.
122. Abe, H., Rusak, B., and Robertson, H. A. 1991. Photic induction of Fos protein in the suprachiasmatic nucleus is inhibited by the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801. Neurosci. Lett., 127:9-12.
123. Abe, H., and Rusak, B. 1994. Physiological mechanisms regulating photic induction of Fos-like protein in hamster suprachiasmatic nucleus. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 18:531-536.
124. Mikkelsen, J. D., Larsen, P. J., Mick, G., Vrang, N., Ebling, F. J. P., Maywood, E. S., Hasting, M. H., and Møller, M. 1995. Gating of retinal inputs through the suprachiasmatic nucleus: role of excitatory neurotransmission, Neurochem. Int. 27:263-272.
125. Guido, M. E., de Guido, L., Goguen, D., Robertson, H. A., and Rusak, B. 1999. Differential effects of glutamatergic blockade on circadian and photic regulation of gene expression in the hamster suprachiasmatic nucleus. Mol. Brain Res., 67:247-257.
126. Rea, M. 1992. Different populations of cells in the suprachiasmatic nuclei express c-fos in association with light-induced phase delays and advances of the free-running activity rhythm in hamsters. Brain Res. 579:107-112.
127. Melo, L., Golombek, D. A., and Ralph, M. R. 1997. Regulation of circadian photic responses by nitric oxide. J. Biol. Rhythms 12:319-326.
128. Honrado, G., Jonhson, R., Golombek, D., Spiegelman, B., Papaionnou, V., and Ralph, M. 1996. The circadian system of c-fos deficient mice. J. Comp. Physiol. A 178, 4:563-570.
129. Wollnik, F., Brysch, W., Uhlmann, E., Gillardon, F., Bravo, R., Zimmermann, M., Schlingensiepen, K. H., and Herdegen, T. 1995. Block of c-Fos and JunB expression by antisense oligonucleotides inhibits light-induced phase shifts of the mammalian circadian clock. Euro. J. Neurosci. 7:388-393.
130. Janik, D., and Mrosovsky, N. 1992. Gene expression in the geniculate induced by a nonphotic circadian phase shifting stimulus. NeuroReport 3:575-578.
131. Mead, S., Ebling, F. J. P., Maywood, E. S., Humby, T., Herbert, J., and Hastings, M. H. 1992. A nonphotic stimulus causes instantaneous phase advances of the light-entrainable circadian oscillator of the Syrian hamster but does not induce the expression of c-fos in the suprachiasmatic nuclei, J. Neurosci. 12:2516-2522.
132. Schwartz, W. T., Peters, R. V., Aronin, N., and Bennett, M. R. 1996. Unexpected c-fos gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of mice entrained to a skeleton photoperiod. J. Biol. Rhythms 11:35-44.
133. Shimomura, K., Kornhauser, J. M., Wisor, J. P., Umezu, T., Yamazaki, S., Ihara, N. L., Takahashi, J. S., and Menaker, M. 1998. Circadian behavior and plasticity of light-induced c-fos expression in SCN of tau mutant hamsters. J. Biol. Rhythms 13:305-314.
134. van den Pol, A. 1980. The hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus of rat: Intrinsic anatomy. J. Comp. Neurol. 191:661-702.
135. Majzoub, J. A., Robinson, B. C., and Emanuel, R. L. 1991. Suprachiasmatic nuclear rhythms of vasopressin mRNA in vivo, In: Klein, D. C., Moore, R. Y., and Reppert, S. M. (Eds.), Suprachiasmatic nucleus. The mind's clock, Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford, 177-190.
136. van den Pol, A. 1991. The suprachiasmatic nucleus: morphological and cytochemical substrates for cellular interaction. Pages 17-50 in Klein, D. C., Moore, R. Y., and Reppert, S. M. (eds.) Suprachiasmatic nucleus. The mind's clock, Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
137. Sassone-Corsi, P., Lamph, W. W., Kamps, M., and Verma, I. M. 1988. Fos associated p39 is related to nuclear transcription factor AP-1. Cell 54:553-560.
138. Tei, H., Okamura, H., Shigeyoshi, Y., Fukuhara, C., Ozawa, R., Hirose, M., and Sakaki, Y. 1997. Circadian oscillation of a mammalian homologue of the Drosophila period gene. Nature 389:512-516.
139. Sun, Z. S., Albrecht, U., Zhuchenko, O., Bailey, J., Eichele, G., and Lee, C. C. 1997. RIGUI, a putative mammalian ortholog of the Drosophila period gene. Cell 90:1003-1011.
140. Shiegeshoyi, Y., Taguchi, K., Yamamoto, S., Takekida, S., Yan, L., Tei, H., Moriya, T., Shibata, S., Loros, J. J., Dunlap, J. C., and Okamura, H. 1997. Light-Induced resetting of a mammalian circadian clock is associated with rapid Induction of the mPer1 transcript. Cell 91:1043-1053.
141. Akiyama, M., Kouzu, Y., Takahashi, S., Wakamatsu, H., Moriya, T., Maetani, M., Watanabe, S., Tei, H., Sakaki, Y., and Shibata, S. 1999. Inhibition of light- or glutamate-induced mperl expression represses the phase shifts into the mouse circadian locomotor and suprachiasmatic firing rhythms. J. Neurosci. 19:1115-1121.
142. Zhang, Y., Zee, P. C., Kirby, J. D., Takahashi, J. S., and Turek, F. W. 1993. A cholinergic antagonist, mecamylamine, blocks light-induced Fos immunoreactivity in specific regions of the hamster suprachiasmatic nucleus. Brain Res. 615:107-112.
143. Ying, S-W., and Rusak, B. 1994. Effects of serotonergic agonists on firing rates of photically responsive cells in the hamster suprachiasmatic nucleus. Brain Res. 650:37-46.
144. Maywood, E. S., Bittman, E. L., Ebling, F. J. P., Barrett, P., Morgan, P., and Hastings, M. 1995. Regional distribution of Iodomelatonin binding sites within the suprachiasmatic nucleus of Syrian hamster and the Siberian hamster. J. Neuroendocr. 7:215-223.
145. Treep, J. A., Abe, H., Rusak, B., and Goguen, D. M. 1995. Two distinct retinal projections to the hamster suprachiasmatic nucleus. J. Biol. Rhythms 10:299-307.
146. Scott, G., and Rusak, B. 1996. Activation of hamster suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons in vitro via metabotropic glutamate receptors. Neuroscience 71:533-541.
147. Urban, P. F., Dreyfus, H., Neskovic, N., and Mandel, P. 1973. Phospholipid metabolism in light and dark adapted excised retina. J. Neurochem. 20:327-335.
148. Bazan, H. E. P., and Bazan, N. G. 1976. Effects of temperature, ionic environment and light flashes in the glycerolipid neosynthesis in the toad retina. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 83:489-495.
149. Anderson, R. E., and Hollyfield, J. G. 1981. Light stimulates the incorporation of inositol into phosphatidylinositol in the retina. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 665:619-622.
150. Schmidt, S. Y. 1983. Light and cytidine-dependent phosphatidylinositol synthesis in the photoreceptor cell of the rat. J. Cell. Biol. 258:6863-6868.
151. Birkle, D. L., and Bazan, N. G. 1989. Light exposure stimulates arachidonic acid metabolism in intact rat retina and isolated rod outer segments. Neurochem. Res. 14:185-190.
152. Guido, M. E., and Caputto, B. L. 1990. Labeling of retina and optic tectum phospholipids in chickens exposed to light or dark. J. Neurochem. 55:1855-1860.
153. Caputto, B. L. 1991. Functional aspects of retina ganglion cell gangliosides. Prog. Retinal Res. 9:383-397.
154. De Arriba Zerpa, G. A., Guido, M. E., Bussolino, D. F., Pasquaré, S. J., Castagnet, P. I., Giusto, N. M., and Caputto, B. L. 1999. Light exposure activates retina ganglion cell lysophosphatidic acid acyl transferase and phosphatidic acid phosphatase by a c-Fos-dependent mechanism. J. Neurochem. 73:1228-1235.