Expression from the herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated promoter in the murine central nervous system

Journal of General Virology

Volumn 81, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 649-662

  Smith, Christopher ^a   Lachmann, Robin H ^a   Efstathiou, Stacey ^a  

^a Department of Pathology   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BRAIN STEM; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS 1; HISTOCHEMISTRY; HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; MOTONEURON; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROMOTER REGION; SPINAL CORD; VIRUS LATENCY;

ANIMALIA; DNA VIRUSES; ENCEPHALOMYOCARDITIS VIRUS; HERPES; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 1; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 5; MURINAE; PINNA;

EID: 0033974977     PISSN: 00221317     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-81-3-649     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Arthur, J., Efstathiou, S. & Simmons, A. (1993). Intranuclear foci containing low abundance herpes simplex virus latency-associated transcripts visualised by non-isotopic in situ hybridization. Journal of General Virology 74, 1363-1370.
2. Cabrera, C. V., Wohlenberg, C., Openshaw, H., Rey-Mendez, M., Puga, A. & Notkins, A. L. (1980). Herpes simplex virus DNA sequences in the CNS of latently infected mice. Nature 288, 288-290.
3. Card, J. P., Rinaman, L., Lynn, R. B., Lee, B.-H., Meade, R. P., Miselis, R. R. & Enquist, L. W. (1993). Pseudorabies virus infection of the rat central nervous system: ultrastructural characterisation of viral replication, transport and pathogenesis. Journal of Neuroscience 13, 2515-2539.
4. Cook, M. L. & Stevens, J. G. (1976). Latent herpetic infections following experimental viraemia. Journal of General Virology 31, 75-80.
5. Deatly, A. M., Spivack, J. G., Lavi, E., O'Boyle, D. R. & Fraser, N. W. (1988). Latent herpes simplex virus type 1 transcripts in peripheral and central nervous system tissues of mice map to similar regions of the viral genome. Journal of Virology 62, 749-756.
6. Engel, J. P., Madigan, T. C. & Peterson, G. M. (1997). The transneuronal spread phenotype of herpes simplex virus type 1 infection of the mouse hind footpad. Journal of Virology 71, 2425-2435.
7. Enquist, L. W., Husak, P. J., Banfield, B. W. & Smith, G. A. (1998). Infection and spread of alphaherpesviruses in the nervous system. Advances in Virus Research 51, 237-347.
8. Fitzgerald, M. J. T. (1994). Neuroanatomy: Basic and Clinical. London: Bailliére Tindall.
9. Gressens, P. & Martin, J. R. (1994). In situ polymerase chain reaction: localisation of HSV-2 DNA sequences in infections of the nervous system. Journal of Virological Methods 46, 61-83.
10. Hill, T. J., Field, H. J. & Blyth, W. A. (1975). Acute and recurrent infection with herpes simplex virus in the mouse: a model for studying latency and recurrent disease. Journal of General Virology 28, 341-353.
11. Holstege, G., Kuypers, H. G. J. M. & Dekker, J. J. (1977). The organisation of the bulbar fibre connections to the trigeminal, facial and hypoglossal motor nuclei. II. An autoradiographic tracing study in cat. Brain 100, 265-286.
12. Huang, Q. S., Valyi-Nagy, T., Kesari, S. & Fraser, N. W. (1997). β-Gal enzyme activity driven by the HSV LAT promoter does not correspond to β-Gal RNA levels in mouse trigeminal ganglia. Gene Therapy 4, 797-807.
13. Kesari, S., Lee, V. M.-Y., Brown, S. M., Trojanowski, J. Q. & Fraser, N. W. (1996). Selective vulnerability of mouse CNS neurons to latent infection with a neuroattenuated herpes simplex virus-1. Journal of Neuroscience 16, 5644-5653.
14. Knotts, F. B., Cook, M. L. & Stevens, J. G. (1973). Latent herpes simplex virus in the central nervous system of rabbits and mice. Journal of Experimental Medicine 138, 740-744.
15. Kristensson, K. (1970). Morphological studies of the neural spread of herpes simplex virus to the central nervous system. Acta Neuropathologica 16, 54-63.
16. Kristensson, K., Nennesmo, I., Persson, L. & Lycke, E. (1982). Neuron to neuron transmission of herpes simplex virus - transport of virus from skin to brainstem nuclei. Journal of Neurological Sciences 54, 149-156.
17. Lachmann, R. H. & Efstathiou, S. (1997). Utilization of the herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated regulatory region to drive stable reporter gene expression in the nervous system. Journal of Virology 71, 3197-3207.
18. Lachmann, R. H., Brown, C. & Efstathiou, S. (1996). A murine RNA polymerase promoter inserted into the herpes simplex virus type 1 genome is functional during lytic, but not latent, infection. Journal of General Virology 77, 2575-2582.
19. Lachmann, R. H., Sadarangani, M., Atkinson, H. R. & Efstathiou, S. (1999). An analysis of herpes simplex virus gene expression during latency establishment and reactivation. Journal of General Virology 80, 1271-1282.
20. LaVail, J. H., Zhan, J. & Margolis, T. P. (1990). HSV (type 1) infection of the trigeminal complex. Brain Research 514, 181-188.
21. Maggioncalda, J., Mehta, A., Su, Y. H., Fraser, N. W. & Block, T. M. (1996). Correlation between herpes simplex virus type 1 rate of reactivation from latent infection and the number of infected neurones in trigeminal ganglia. Virology 225, 72-81.
22. Margolis, T. P., LaVail, J. H., Setzer, P. Y. & Dawson, C. R. (1989). Selective spread of herpes simplex virus in the central nervous system after ocular inoculation. Journal of Virology 63, 4756-4761.
23. Mehta, A., Maggioncalda, J., Bagasra, O., Thikkavarapu, S., Saikumari, P., Valyi-Nagy, T., Fraser, N. W. & Block, T. M. (1995). In situ DNA PCR and RNA hybridization detection of herpes simplex virus sequences in trigeminal ganglia of latently infected mice. Virology 206, 633-640.
24. Noback, C. R. & Demarest, R. J. (1984). The Human Nervous System -Basic Principles of Neurobiology, 3rd edn. New York: McGraw-Hill.
25. Paxinos, G. & Watson, C. (1986). The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Co-Ordinates, 2nd edn. London: Academic Press.
26. Ramakrishnan, R., Levine, M. & Fink, D. J. (1994). PCR-based analysis of herpes simplex virus type 1 latency in the rat trigeminal ganglion established with a ribonucleotide reductase-deficient mutant. Journal of Virology 68, 7083-7091.
27. Roizman, B. & Sears, A. E. (1996). Herpes simplex viruses and their replication, chapter 72. In Fields Virology, 3rd edn. Edited by B. N. Fields, D. M. Knipe & P. M. Howley. Philadelphia & New York: Lippincott-Raven.
28. Sawtell, N. M. & Thompson, R. L. (1992). Herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcription unit promotes anatomical site-dependent establishment and reactivation from latency. Journal of Virology 66, 2157-2169.
29. Speck, P. G. & Simmons, A. (1991). Divergent pathways of productive and latent infection with a virulent strain of herpes simplex virus type 1. Journal of Virology 65, 4001-4005.
30. Speck, P. G. & Simmons, A. (1992). Synchronous appearance of antigen-positive and latently infected neurons in spinal ganglia of mice infected with a virulent strain of herpes simplex virus. Journal of General Virology 73, 1281-1285.
31. Stevens, J. G., Wagner, E. K., Devi-Rao, G. B., Cook, M. L. & Feldman, L. T. (1987). RNA complementary to a herpesvirus alpha gene mRNA is prominent in latently infected neurons. Science 235, 1056-1059.
32. Stroop, W. G., Rock, D. L. & Fraser, N. W. (1984). Localization of herpes simplex virus in the trigeminal and olfactory systems of the mouse central nervous system during acute and latent infections by in situ hybridization. Laboratory Investigation 51, 27-38.
33. Thompson, R. L. & Sawtell, N. M. (1997). The herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript gene regulates the establishment of latency. Journal of Virology 71, 5432-5440.
34. Tullo, A. B., Shimeld, C., Blyth, W. A., Hill, T. J. & Easty, D. L. (1982). Spread of virus and distribution of latent infection following ocular herpes simplex in the non-immune and immune mouse. Journal of General Virology 63, 95-101.
35. Ugolini, G., Kuypers, H. G. J. M. & Simmons, A. (1987). Retrograde transneuronal transfer of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV 1) from motoneurones. Brain Research 422, 242-256.
36. Ugolini, G., Kuypers, H. G. J. M. & Strick, P. L. (1989). Transneuronal transfer of herpes virus from peripheral nerves to cortex and brainstem. Science 243, 89-91.
37. Wagner, E. K. & Bloom, D. C. (1997). Experimental investigation of herpes simplex virus latency. Clinical Microbiological Reviews 10, 419-443.
38. Wildy, P., Field, H. J. & Nash, A. A. (1982). Classical herpes latency revisited. In Virus Persistence Symposium 33, pp. 133-167. Edited by B. W. J. Mahy, A. C. Minson & G. K. Darby. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.