The urokinase system of plasminogen activation and prognosis in 2780 breast cancer patients

Cancer Research

Volumn 60, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 636-643

  Foekens, John A ^a,f   Peters, Harry A ^a   Look, Maxime P ^a   Portengen, Henk ^a   Schmitt, Manfred ^b   Kramer, Michael D ^c   Brünner, Nils ^d   Jänicke, Fritz ^e   Meijer van Gelder, Marion E ^a   Henzen Logmans, Sonja C ^a   Van Putten, Wim L J ^a   Klijn, Jan G M ^a  

^a ERASMUS MC CANCER INSTITUTE   (Netherlands)

^b TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

^d FINSEN LABORATORY   (Denmark)

^e UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER HAMBURG EPPENDORF   (Germany)

^f JOSEPHINE NEFKENS INSTITUTE   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIGEN; PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR; UROKINASE; UROKINASE RECEPTOR;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BREAST CANCER; CANCER SURVIVAL; FEMALE; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN TISSUE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATION; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; REMISSION; RISK ASSESSMENT; SCORING SYSTEM;

ADULT; AGED; BREAST NEOPLASMS; DISEASE-FREE SURVIVAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR 1; PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR 2; PROGNOSIS; RECEPTORS, CELL SURFACE; URINARY PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR;

EID: 0033968403     PISSN: 00085472     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Andreasen, P. A., Kjoøller, L., Christensen, L., and Duffy, M. J. The urokinase-type plasminogen activator system in cancer metastasis: a review. Int. J. Cancer, 72; 1-22, 1997.
2. Chapman, H. A. Plasminogen activators, integrins, and the coordinated regulation of cell adhesion and migration. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol., 9: 714-724, 1997.
3. Conese, M., and Blasi, F. The urokinase/urokinase-receptor system and cancer invasion. Ballière Clin. Hematol., 2: 365-389, 1995.
4. Schmitt, M., Harbeck, N., Thomssen, C., Wilhelm, O., Magdolen, V., Reuning, U., Ulm, K., Höfler, H., Jänicke, F., and Graeff, H. Clinical impact of the plasminogen activation system in tumor invasion and metastasis: prognostic relevance and target for therapy. Thromb. Haemostasis, 78: 285-296. 1997.
5. Stoppelli, M. P., Corti, A., Soffientini, A., Cassani, G., Blasi, F., and Assoian, R. K. Differentiation enhanced binding of the amino-terminal fragment of human urokinase plasminogen activator to a specific receptor on U937 monocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 82: 4939-4943, 1985.
6. Vassalli, J. D., Baccino, D., and Berlin, D. A cellular binding site for the M, 55,000 form of the human plasminogen activator urokinase. J. Cell. Biol., 100: 86-92, 1985.
7. Mignatti, P., and Rifkin, D. B. Biology and biochemistry of proteases in tumor invasion. Physiol. Rev., 73: 161-195, 1993.
8. Andreasen, P. A., Georg, B., Lund, L. R., Riccio, A., and Stacey, S. N. Plasminogen activator inhibitors: hormonally regulated serpins. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 68: 1-19, 1990.
9. Wei, Y., Waltz, D. A., Rao, N., Drummond, R. J., Rosenberg, S., and Chapman, H. A. Identification of the urokinase receptor as an adhesion receptor for vitronectin. J. Biol. Chem., 269: 32380-32388, 1994.
10. Deng, G., Curriden, S. A., Wang, S., Rosenberg, S., and Loskutoff, D. J. Is plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 the molecular switch that governs urokinase receptor-mediated cell adhesion and release? J. Cell. Biol., 134: 1563-1571, 1996.
11. Kanse, S., Kost, C., Wilhelm, O., Andreasen, P. A., and Preissner, K. T. The urokinase receptor is a major vitronectin-binding protein on endothelial cells. Exp. Cell Res., 224: 344-353, 1996.
12. Wei, Y., Lukashev, M., Simon, D. I., Bodary, S. C., Rosenberg, S., Doyle, M. V., and Chapman, H. A. Regulation of integrin function by the urokinase receptor. Science (Washington DC), 273: 1551-1555, 1996.
13. 3 binding to vitronectin. Nature (Lond.), 383: 441-443, 1996.
14. Kjøller, L., Kanse, S., Kirkegaard, T., Rodenburg, K. W., Rønne, E., Goodman, S. L., Preissner, K. T., Ossowski, L., and Andreasen, P. A. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 represses integrin- and vitrorectin-mediated cell migration independently of its function as an inhibitor of plasminogen activation. Exp. Cell Res., 232: 420-429, 1997.
15. Duffy, M. J., O'Grady, P., Devaney, D., O'Siorain, L., Fennelly, J. J., and Lijnen, H. J. Urokinase-plasminogen activator, a marker for aggressive breast carcinomas: preliminary report. Cancer (Phila.), 62: 531-533, 1988.
16. Jänicke, F., Schmitt, M., Hafter, R., Hollreider, A., Babic, R., Ulm, K., Gössner, W., and Graeff, H. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) antigen is a predictor of early relapse in breast cancer. Fibrinolysis. 4: 69-78, 1990.
17. Duffy, M. J. Proteases as prognostic markers in cancer. Clin. Cancer Res., 2: 613-618, 1996.
18. Solomayer, E-F., Diel, I. J., Bode, S., Meyberg, G., Sillem, M., Gollan, C., Kramer, M. D., Krainick, U., and Bastert, G. Prognostic relevance of urokinase plasminogen activator detection in micrometastatic cells in bone marrow of patients with primary breast cancer. Br. J. Cancer, 76: 812-818, 1997.
19. Jänicke, F., Schmitt, M., and Graeff, H. Clinical relevance of the urokinase-type and the tissue-type plasminogen activators and their inhibitor PAI-1 in breast cancer. Semin. Thromb. Hemostasis, 17: 303-312, 1991.
20. Foekens, J. A., Look, M. P., Peters, H. A., van Putten, W. L. J., Portengen, H., and Klijn, J. G. M. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its inhibitor PAI-1: predictors of poor response to tamoxifen therapy in recurrent breast cancer. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 87: 751-756, 1995.
21. Duggan, C., Maguire, T., McDermott, E., Higgins, N., Fennelly, J. J., and Duffy, M. J. Urokinase plasminogen activator and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor in breast cancer. Int. J. Cancer, 61: 597-600, 1995.
22. Grøndahl-Hansen, J., Peters, H. A., van Putten, W. L. J., Look, M. P., Pappot, H., Rønne, E., Danø, K., Klijn, J. G. M., Brünner, N., and Foekens, J. A. Prognostic significance of the receptor for urokinase plasminogen activator in breast cancer. Clin. Cancer Res., 1: 1079-1087, 1995.
23. Bouchet, C., Spyratos, F., Martin, P. M., Hacène, K., Gentile, A., and Oglobine, J. Prognostic value of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitors PAI-1 and PAI-2 in breast carcinomas. Br. J. Cancer, 69: 398-405, 1994.
24. Foekens, J. A., Buessecker, F., Peters, H. A., Krainick, U., van Putten, W. L. J., Look, M. P., Klijn, J. G. M., and Kramer, M. D. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2: prognostic relevance in 1012 patients with primary breast cancer. Cancer Res., 55: 1423-1427, 1995.
25. EORTC Breast Cancer Cooperative Group. Revision of the standards for the assessment of hormone receptors in human breast cancer. Eur. J. Cancer, 16: 1513-1515, 1980.
26. Foekens, J. A., Portengen, H., van Putten, W. L. J., Peters, H. A., Krijnen, H. L. J. M., Alexieva-Figusch, J., and Klijn, J. G. M. Prognostic value of estrogen and progesterone receptors measured by enzyme immunoassays in human breast tumor cytosols. Cancer Res., 49: 5823-5828, 1989.
27. Foekens, J. A., Schmitt, M., van Putten, W. L. J., Peters, H. A., Bontenbal, M., Jänicke, F., and Klijn, J. G. M. Prognostic value of urokinase-type plasminogen activator in 671 primary breast cancer patients. Cancer Res., 52: 6101-6105, 1992.
28. Foekens, J. A., Schmitt, M., van Putten, W. L. J., Peters, H. A., Kramer, M. D., Jänicke, F., and Klijn, J. G. M. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and prognosis in primary breast cancer. J. Clin. Oncol., 12: 1648-1658, 1994.
29. Rønne, E., Høyer-Hansen, G., Bruønner, N., Pedersen, H., Rank, F., Osborne, C. K., Clark, G. M., Danø, K., and Grøndahl-Hansen, J. Urokinase receptor in breast cancer tissue extracts. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a combination of mono- and polyclonal antibodies. Breast Cancer Res. Treat., 33: 199-207, 1995.
30. Kaplan, E. L., and Meier, P. Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 53: 457-481, 1958.
31. Barlow, R. E., Bartholomew, D. J., Bremner, J. M., and Brunk, H. D. Statistical interference under order restrictions. London: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1972.
32. Cox, D. R. Regression models and life tables. J. R. Stat. Soc., 34: 187-220, 1972.
33. Sier, C. M., Vloedgraven, H. J. M., Ganesh, S., Griffioen, G., Quax, P. H., Verheijen, J. H., Dooijewaard, G., Welvaart, K., van de Velde, C. J., Lamers, C. B., and Verspaget, H. W. Inactive urokinase and increased levels of its inhibitor type 1 in colorectal liver metastasis. Gastroenterology, 107: 1449-1456, 1994.
34. Conese, M., and Blasi, F. Urokinase/urokinase receptor system: internalization/ degradation of urokinase-serpin complexes: mechanism and regulation. Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler, 376: 143-155, 1995.
35. Liu, G., Shuman, M. A., and Cohen, R. L. Co-expression of urokinase, urokinase receptor and PAI-1 is necessary for optimum invasiveness of cultured lung cancer cells. Int. J. Cancer, 60: 501-506, 1995.
36. Barbareschi, M., Gasparini, G., Morelli, L., Forti, S., and Dalla Palma, S. Novel methods for the determination of the angiogenic activity of human tumors. Breast Cancer Res. Treat., 36: 181-192, 1995.
37. Bajou, K., Noël, A., Masson, V., Masson, V., Brünner, N., Holst-Hansen, C., Skobe, M., Fusenig, N. E., Carmeliet, P., Collen, D., and Foidart, J. M. Absence of host plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 prevents cancer invasion and vascularization. Nat. Med., 4: 923-928, 1998.
38. Danø, K., Behrendt, N., Brünner, N., Ellis, V., Plough, M., and Pyke, C. The urokinase receptor: protein structure and role in plasminogen activation and cancer invasion. Fibrinolysis, 8: 189-203, 1994.
39. Pedersen, N., Schmitt, M., Rønne, E., Nicoletti, M. I., Hoyer-Hansen, G., Conese, M., Giavazzi, R., Danø, K., Kuhn, W., Jänicke, F., and Blasi, F. A ligand-free, soluble urokinase-receptor is present in the ascitic fluid from patients with ovarian cancer. J. Clin. Investig., 92: 2160-2167, 1993.
40. Pappot, H., Høyer-Hansen, G., Rønne, E., Hanssen, H. H., Brünner, N., Danø, K., and Grøndahl-Hansen, J. Elevated plasma levels of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Eur. J. Cancer, 33: 867-872, 1997.
41. Stephens, R. W., Pedersen, A. N., Nielsen, H. J., Hamers, M. J., Hoyer-Hansen, G., Rønne, E., Dybkjaer, E., Danø, K., and Brünner, N. ELISA determination of soluble urokinase receptor in blood from healthy donors and cancer patients. Clin. Chem., 43: 1868-1876, 1997.
42. Rønne, E., Pappot, H., Grøndanl-Hansen, J., Hoyer-Hansen, G., Plesner, T., Hansen, N. E., and Danø, K. The receptor for urokinase plasminogen activator is present in plasma from healthy donors and elevated in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Br. J. Hematol., 89: 576-581, 1995.
43. Stephens, R. W., Nielsen, H. J., Christensen, I. J., Thorlacius-Ussing, O., Sørensen, S., Danø, K., and Brünner, N. Plasma urokinase receptor levels in patients with colorectal cancer: relationship to prognosis. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 91: 869-874, 1999.
44. Grøndahl-Hansen, J., Christensen, I. J., Briand, P., Pappot, H., Mouridsen, H. T., Blichert-Toft, M., Danø, K., and Brünner, N. Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 in cytosolic tumor extracts predicts prognosis in low-risk breast cancer patients. Clin. Cancer Res., 3: 233-239, 1997.
45. Jänicke, F., Pache, L., Schmitt, M., Ulm, K., Harbeck, N., Höfler, H., and Graeff, H. Urokinase (uPA) and its inhibitor PAI-1 are strong and independent prognostic factors in node-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. Treat., 24: 195-208, 1993.
46. Bouchet, C., Hacène K., Martin, P. M., Becette, V., Tubiana-Hulin, M., Lasry, S., Oglobine, J., and Spyratos, F. Dissemination risk index based on plasminogen activator system components in primary breast cancer. J. Clin. Oncol., 17: 3048-3057, 1999.
47. Powles, T. J. Adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer: a time to refine. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 89: 1652-1654, 1997.
48. Sweep, C. G. J., Geurts-Moespot, J., Grebenshikov, N., de Witte, J. H., Heuvel, J. J. T. M., Schmitt, M., Duffy, M. D., Jänicke, F., Kramer, M. D., Foekens, J. A., Brünner, N., Brugal, G., Pedersen, A. N., and Benraad, T. J. External quality assessment of trans-European multicentre antigen determinations (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its type 1 inhibitor (PAI-1) in human breast cancer tissue extracts. Br. J. Cancer, 78: 1434-1441, 1998.