Prospects for in vivo Raman spectroscopy

Physics in Medicine and Biology

Volumn 45, Issue 2, 2000, Pages

  Hanlon, E B ^a   Manoharan, R ^a,b   Koo, T W ^a   Shafer, K E ^a   Motz, J T ^a   Fitzmaurice, M ^c   Kramer, J R ^d   Itzkan, I ^a   Dasari, R R ^a   Feld, M S ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^b Rosemount Analytical Inc   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS OF CLEVELAND   (United States)

^d LERNER RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BIOMEDICINE; BLOOD ANALYSIS; BREAST CANCER; DATA ANALYSIS; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; INFORMATION PROCESSING; INFRARED RADIATION; LASER; MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY; MODEL; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAMAN SPECTROMETRY; REVIEW; TISSUE;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ANIMALS; ARTERIOSCLEROSIS; BLOOD CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; BREAST NEOPLASMS; DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES; FEMALE; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HUMANS; INDIA; PORTRAITS; SPECTRUM ANALYSIS, RAMAN;

EID: 0033968170     PISSN: 00319155     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/45/2/201     Document Type: Review

References (192)

1. Abraham J L and Etz E S 1979 Molecular microanalysis of pathological specimens in situ with a laser Raman microprobc Science 206 716-18
2. Alfano R R, Liu C H, Sha W L, Zhu H R, Akins D L, Cleary J, Prudente R and Clemer E 1991 Human breast tissues studied by IR Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy Lasers Life Sci. 4 23-8
3. Alini M and Losa C A 1991 Partial characterization of proteoglycans isolated from neoplastic and nonneoplastic human breast tissues Cancer Res. 51 1443-7
4. Allred C D and McCreery R L 1990 Near-infrared Raman spectroscopy of liquids and solids with a fiberoptic sampler, diode laser, and CCD detector Appl. Spectrosc. 44 1229-31
5. American Heart Association 1998 1998 Heart and Stroke Statistical Update (Dallas, TX: American Heart Association)
6. Asher S A 1988 UV resonance Raman studies of molecular-structure and dynamics - applications in physical and biophysical chemistry Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 39 537-58
7. _1993 UV resonance Raman-spectroscopy for analytical, physical, and biophysical chemistry 1, 2 Anal. Chem. 65 A59-A66, A201-A210
8. Asher S A and Johnson C R 1984 Raman-spectroscopy of a coal liquid shows that fluorescence interference is minimized with ultraviolet excitation Science 225 311-13
9. Bakkcr Schul T C, Puppels G J, Kraan Y M, Grève J, van der Maas L L and Figdor C G 1997 Intracellular carotenoid levels measured by Raman microspectrocopy : comparison of lymphocytes from lung cancer patients and healthy individuals Int. J. Cancer 74 20-5
10. Baraga J J 1992 In situ chemical analysis of biological tissue: vibrational Raman spectroscopy of human atherosclerosis PhD Dissertation Massachusetts Institute of Technology
11. Baraga J J, Feld M S and Rava R P 1992a In situ optical histochemistry of human artery using near infrared Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 89 3473-7
12. _1992b Rapid near-infrared Raman spectroscopy of human tissue with a spectrograph and CCD detector Appl. Spectrosc. 46 187-90
13. Barbillat J, DaSilva E and Hallaert J L 1993 Multi-channel micro-Raman spectroscopy with near-infrared excitation Il J. Raman Spectrosc. 24 53-62
14. Barry B W, Edwards HGM and Williams A C 1992 Fourier-transform Raman and infrared vibrational study of human skin - assignment of spectral bands J. Raman Spectrosc. 23 641-5
15. Bartorelli A L, Leon M B, Almagor Y, Prevosti L G, Swain J A, McIntosh C L, Neville R F, House M D and Bonner R F 1991 In vivo human atherosclerotic plaque recognition by laser-excited fluorescence spectroscopy J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 17160B-168B
16. Bauer N J C, Wicksted J P, Jongsma F H M, March W F, Hendrikse F and Motamedi M 1998 Non-invasive assessmeni of the hydration gradient across the cornea using confocal Raman spectroscopy Invest. Opthalmol. Vis. Sci. 39 831-5
17. Berger A J 1998 Measurement of analytes in human scrum and whole blood samples by near-infrared Raman spectroscopy PhD Dissertation Massachusetts Institute of Technology
18. Berger A J and Feld M S 1997 Analytical method of estimating chemometric prediction error Appl. Spectrosc. 51 725-32
19. Berger A J, Koo T-W, Itzkan I and Feld M S 1998 An enhanced algorithm for linear multivariate analysis Anal. Chem. 70 623-7
20. Berger A J, Koo T-W, Itzkan I, Horowitz G and Feld M S 1999 Multicomponent blood analysis by near-infrared Raman spectroscopy Appl. Opt. 38 2916-26
21. Bohorfoush A G 1996 Tissue spectroscopy for gastrointestinal diseases Endoscopy 28 372-80
22. Bot ACC, Huizinga A, de Mul FFM, Vrensen G F J M and Greve J 1989 Raman microspectroscopy of fixed rabbit and human lenses and lens slices - new potentialities Exp. Eye Res. 49 161-9
23. Boustany N 1997 Characterization of mucosal dysplasia with ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy PhD Thesis (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
24. Boustany N. Crawford J M, Manoharan R, Dasari R R and Feld M S 1999 Analysis of nucleotides and aromatic amino acids in normal and neoplastic colon mucosa by ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy Lab. Invest. 79 1201-14
25. Brennan J F 1995 Near infrared Raman spectroscopy for human artery histochemistry and histopathology PhD Dissertation (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
26. Brennan J F, Beattie M E, Wang Y, Cantella M J, Tsaur B-Y, Dasari R R and Feld M S 1996 PdSi focal-plane array detectors for short-wave infrared Raman spectroscopy of biological tissue: a feasibility study Appl. Opt. 35 5736-9
27. Brennan J F, Römer T J, Lees R S, Tercyak A M, Kramer J R and Feld M S 1997a Determination of human coronary artery composition by Raman spectroscopy Circulation 96 99-105
28. Brennan J F, Wang Y, Dasari R R and Feld M S 1997b Near-infrared Raman spectrometer systems for human tissue studies Appl. Spectrosc. 51 201-8
29. Buitveld H, De Mul F F M, Mud J and Greve J 1984 Identification of inclusions in lung tissue with a Raman microprobe Appl. Spectrosc. 38 304-6
30. Butterfield D A 1986 Spectroscopic methods in degenerative neurological diseases CRC Crit. Rev. Clin. Neurobiol. 2 169-240
31. Campbell I D and Dwek R A 1984 Biological Spectroscopy (New York: Benjamin/Cummings)
32. Caspers P J, Lucassen G W, Wolthuis R, Bruining H A and Puppels G J 1998 In vitro and in vivo Raman spectroscopy of human skin Biospectroscopy 4 S31-39
33. Centeno J A, Ishak K, Mullick F G, Gahl W A and O'Leary T J 1994 Infrared microspectroscopy and laser Raman microprobe in the diagnosis of cystinosis Appl. Spectrosc. 48 569-72
34. Chase B and Talmi Y 1991 The use of a near-infrared array detector for Raman spectroscopy beyond one micron Appl. Spectrosc. 45 929-31
35. Choo L P, Mansfield J R, Pizzi N, Somorjai L, Jackson M, Halliday W C and Mantsch HH 1995 Infrared spectra of human central nervous system tissue: diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease by multivariate analyses Biospectroscopy 1 141-8
36. Clarke R H, Hanlon E B, Isner J M and Brody H 1987 Laser Raman spectroscopy of calcified atherosclerotic lesions in cardiovascular tissue Appl. Opt. 26 3175-7
37. Clarke R H, Wang Q and Isner J M 1988 Laser Raman spectroscopy of atherosclerotic lesions in human coronary artery segments Appl. Opt. 27 4799-800
38. Clarke W L, Cox D, Gonder-Frederick L A, Carter W and Pohl S L 1987 Evaluating clinical accuracy of systems for self-monitoring of blood glucose Diabetes Care 10 622-8
39. Coté G L, Fox M D and Northrop R B 1992 Noninvasivc optical polarimetric glucose sensing using a true phase measurement technique IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 39 752-5
40. Cothren R M, Hayes G B, Kramer J R, Sacks B A. Kittrell C and Feld M S 1986 A multifiber catheter with an optical shield for laser angiosurgery lasers Life Sci. 11-12
41. Dalterio R A, Nelson W H, Britt D, Sperry J and Purcell F J 1986 A resonance Raman microprobe study of chromobacteria in water Appl. Spectrosc. 40 271-3
42. Deinum G, Rodriguez, D, Römer T J. Fitzmaurice M, Kramer J R and Feld M S 1999 Histological classification of Raman spectra of human coronary artery atherosclerosis using principal component analysis Appl. Spectrosc. 53 938-42
43. Demer L L 1997 Lipid hypothesis of cardiovascular calcification Circulation 95 297-8
44. Diem M 1993 Introduction to Modern Vibrational Spectroscopy (New York: Wiley)
45. Dou X M, Yamaguchi Y, Yamamoto H, Uenoyama H and Ozaki Y 1996 Biological applications of anti-stokes Raman spectroscopy: quantitative analysis of glucose in plasma and serum by a highly sensitive multichannel Raman spectrometer Appl. Spectrosc. 50 1301-6
46. Duindam J J, Vrensen G F, Otto C and Greve J 1998 Cholesterol, phospholipids, and protein changes in focal opacities in the human eye lens Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 39 94-103
47. Duindam J J, Vrensen G F, Otto C, Puppels G J and Greve J 1995 New approach to assess the cholesterol distribution in the eye lens: confocal Raman microspectroscopy and filipin cytochemistry J. Lipid Res. 36 1139-46
48. Elmore G, Barton M B, Moceri V M, Polk S, Arena P J and Fletcher S W 1998 Ten-year risk of false positive screening mammograms and clinical breast examinations New Eng. J. Med. 3883 1089-96
49. Fabian H, Choo L-P, Szendrei G I, Jackson M, Halliday W C, Otvos L Jr and Mantsch H H 1993 Infrared spectroscopic characterization of Alzheimer plaques Appl. Spectrosc. 47 1513-18
50. Farrell R and McCauley R 1976 On corneal transparency and its loss with swelling J. Opt. Soc. Am. 66 342-5
51. Feld M S and Kramer J R 1989 Laser angiosurgery: a biomedical system using photons 10 diagnose and treal atherosclerosis Future Directions in Interventional Cardiology ed J H K Vogel and S B King (St Louis. MO: Mosby) pp 179-87
52. -1991 Mutagenicity and the XeCl excimer laser - a relationship of consequence Am. Heart J. 122 1803-5
53. Fendel S and Schrader B 1998 Investigation of skin and skin lesions by NIR-FT Raman spectroscopy Fresenins J. Anal. Chem. 360 609-13
54. Fishbein M C and Siegal R J 1996 How big are coronary atherosclerotic plaques that rupture? Circulation 94 2662-6
55. Fisher L and Van Belle G 1993 Biostatistics: A Methodology for the Health Sciences (New York: Wiley)
56. Fodor S P A, Rava R P, Copeland R A and Spiro T G 1986 H-2 Raman-shifted YAG laser ultraviolet Raman spectromeler operating at wavelengths down to 184 nm J. Raman Spectrosc. 17 471 -5
57. Frank C J, McCreery R L and Redd D C B 1995 Raman spectroscopy of normal and diseased human breast tissues Anal. Chem. 67 777-83
58. Frank C J, Redd D C B, Gansler T S and McCreery R L 1994 Characterization of human breast biopsy specimens with near-IR Raman spectroscopy Anal. Chem. 66 319-26
59. Freshour B G and Koenig J L 1975 Raman scattering of collagen, gelatin, and elastin Biopolymers 14 379-91
60. Geladi P and Kowalski B R 1986 Partial least-squares regression: a tutorial Anal. Chim. Acta 185 1-17
61. Ghazzal Z M, Burton E, Weintraub W S, Litvack F, Rothbaum D A, Klein L and King S B III 1995 Predictors of restenosis after excimer laser coronary angioplasty Am. J. Cardiol. 75 1012-14
62. Gniadecka M, Faurskov Nielsen O, Christensen D H and Wulf H C 1998 Structure of water, proteins, and lipids in intact human skin, hair and nail J. Invest. Dermatol. 110 393-8
63. Goheen S C, Lis L J and Kauffman J W 1978 Raman spectroscopy of intact feline corneal collagen Biochem. Biophys, Acta 536 197-204
64. Groot P H E, van Vlijmen B J M, Benson G M, Hofker M H, Schiffelers R, VidgeonHart M and Havekes L M 1996 Quantitative assessment of aortic atherosclerosis in APOE*3 Leiden transgenic mice and its relationship to serum cholesterol exposure Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 16926-33
65. Grygon C A, Perno J R, Fodor S P A and Spiro T G 1988 Ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy as a probe of protein-structure in the FD virus Biotechniques 6 50-5
66. Haaland D M and Thomas E V 1988 Partial least-squares methods for spectral analysis 1. Relation to other quantitative calibration methods and the extraction of qualitative information Anal. Chem. 60 1193-202
67. Hahn D W, Wohlfarth D L and Parks N L 1997 Analysis of polyethylene wear debris using micro Raman spectroscopy: a report on the presence of beta-carotene J Biomed. Mater. Res. 35 31-7
68. Hawi S R, Campbell W B, Kajdacsy-Balla A, Murphy R, Adar F and Nithipatikom K 1996 Characterization of normal and malignant human hepatocytes by Raman microspectroscopy Cancer Lett. 110 35-40
69. Hawi S R, Nithipatikom K, Wohlfeil E R, Adar F and Campbell W B 1997 Raman microspectroscopy of intraceliular cholesterol crystals in cultured bovine coronary artery endothelial cells J. Lipid. Res. 38 1591-7
70. Henry R J, Cannon D C and Winkelman J W 1974 Clinical Chemistry (New York: Harper &Row)
71. Hirschfeld T and Chase B 1986 FT-Raman spectroscopy-development and justification Appl. Spectrosc. 40 133-7
72. Hoey S, Brown D H, McConnell A A, Smith W E, Marabani M and Sturrock R D 1988 Resonance Raman spectroscopy of hemoglobin in intact cells: a probe of oxygen uptake by erythrocytes in rheumatoid arthritis J. lnorg. Biochem. 34189-99
73. Hudson B and Sension R J 1989 Raman Spectroscopy : Sixty Years on Vibrational Spectroscopy and Structure vol 174, ed H D Bist, J R Durig and J F Sullivan, p 363
74. Hyman B T and Trojanowski J Q 1997 Consensus recommendations for the postmortem diagnosis of Alzheimer disease from the National Institute on Aging and the Reagan Institute Working Group on diagnostic criteria for the neuropalhological assessment of Alzheimer's disease J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 56 1095-7
75. Ishida H, Kamoto R, Uchida S, Ishitani A, Ozaki Y, Iriyama K, Tsukie T, Shibata K, Ishihara F and Kameda H 1987 Raman microprobe and Fourier transform-infrared microsampling studies of the microstructure of gallstones Appl. Spectrosc. 41 407-12
76. Itzkan I and Izatt J A 1994 Medical use of lasers Encyclopedia of Applied Physics vol 10 (Portland, OR: VCH) pp 33-59
77. Jongsma F H M, Erckens R J, Wicksled J P, Bauer N J C, Hendrikse F, March W F and Motamedi M 1997 Confocal Raman spectroscopy system for noncontact scanning of ocular tissues: an in vitro study Opt. Eng. 36 3193-9
78. Kalasinsky V F, Johnson F B and Ferwerda R 1998 Fourier transform IR and Raman microspectroscopy of materials in tissue Cell Mol. Biol. 44 141-4
79. Keller S, Schrader B, Huffman A, Schrader W, Metz K, Rehlaender A Pahnke J, Ruwe M and Budach W 1994 Application of near-infrared Fourier-transform Raman spectroscopy in medical research J. Raman Spectrosc. 25663-71
80. Kline N and Treado P J 1997 Raman chemical imaging of breast tissue J. Raman Spectrosc. 28 119-24
81. Klug D D, Singleton D L and Walley V M 1992 Laser Raman spectrum of calcified human aorta Lasers Surg Med. 12 13-7
82. Kodati V R, Tomasi G E, Turmin J L and Tu A T 1991 Raman spectroscopic identification of phosphate-type kidney stones Appl Spectrosc. 45 581 -3
83. Kodati V R, Tu A T and Turmin J L 1990 Raman spectroscopic identification of uric-acid-type kidney stone Appl. Spectmsc. 44 1134-6
84. Koo T-W, Berger A J, Itzkan I, Horowitz G and Feld M S 1998 Measurement of glucose in human blood serum using Raman spectroscopy IEEE LEOS Mag. 12 18
85. -1999 Reagentless blood analysis by near-infrared Raman spectroscopy Diabetes Technol. Therapeu. 1 153-7
86. Kovacs I, Torok I, Zombori J and Kasa P 1996 Neuropathologic changes in the olfactory bulb in Alzheimer's disease Neurobiology 4 123-6
87. _1998 Cholinergic structures and neuropathologic alterations in the olfactory bulb of Alzheimer's disease brain samples Brain Res. 789 167-70
88. Kowall N and McKee A 1993 The histopathology of neuronal degeneration and plasticity in Alzheimer's disease Adv. Neurol. 59 5-33
89. Kramer R 1998 Chemometric Techniques for Quantitative Analysis (New York: Dekker)
90. Larsson K and Hellgren L 1974 A study of The combined Raman and fluorescence scattering from human blood plasma Experientia 30 481-3
91. Lawson E E, Anigbogu A N, Williams A C, Barry B W and Edwards H G 1998 Thermally induced molecular disorder in human stratum corneum lipids compared with a model phospholipid system: FT Raman spectroscopy Spectrochim. Acta A: Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 54 543-58
92. Lawson E E, Barry B W, Williams A C and Edwards H G 1997 Biomedical applications of Raman spectroscopy J. Raman Spectrosc. 28 111-17
93. Lentner C 1985 Geigy Scientific Table (Basel, Switzerland: Ciba-Geigy)
94. Leon L J 1990 Linear Algebra with Applications (New York: Macmillan)
95. Litvack F et al 1990 Percutaneous excimer laser coronary angioplasty Am. J. Cardiol. 66 1027-32
96. Liu C H et al 1992b Raman, fluorescence and time-resolved light-scattering as optical diagnostic techniques to separate diseased and normal biomedical media J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 16 187-209
97. Liu C H, Classman W L S, Zhu H R, Akins D L, Deckelbaum L I, Stetz, M L, O'Brien K, Scott J and Alfano R R 1992a Near-IR Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy of normal and atherosclerotic human aorta Lasers Life Sci. 4 257-64
98. Lord R C and Yu N T 1970 Laser-excited Raman spectroscopy of biomolecules I. Native lysozyme and its constituent amino acids J. Mol. Biol. 50 509
99. Luke J L, Kalasinsky V F, Turnicky R P, Centeno J A, Johnson F B and Mullick F G 1997 Pathological and biophysical findings associated with silicone breast implants: a study of capsular tissues from 86 cases Plant. Reconstr. Surg. 100 1558-65
100. Mach F, Schonbeck U, Bonnefoy J Y, Pober J S and Libby P 1997 Activation of monocytc/macrophage functions related to acute atheroma complication by ligation of CD40 Circulation 96 396-9
101. Mahadevan-Jensen A, Mitchell M F, Ramanujam N, Malpica A, Thompson S, Utzinger U and Richards-Kortum R 1998a NIR Raman spectroscopy for in vitro detection of cervical precancers Photochem. Photobiol. 68 123-32
102. Mahadevan-Jensen A, Mitchell M F, Ramanujam N, Utzinger U and Richards-Kortum R 1998b Development of a fiber optic probe to measure NIR Raman spectra of cervical tissue in vivo Photochem. Photobiol. 68 427-31
103. Mahadevan-Jensen A and Richards-Kortum R 1996 Raman spectroscopy for the detection of cancers and precancers J. Biomed. Opt. 131-70
104. Mann J M and Davies M J 1996 Vulnerable plaque: relation of characteristics to degree of stenosis in human coronary arteries Circulation 94 928-31
105. Manoharan R, Baraga J J, Feld M S and Rava R P 1992 Quantitative histochemical analysis of human artery using Raman spectroscopy J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 16 211-33
106. Manoharan R, Baraga J J, Rava R P, Dasari R R, Fitzmaurice M and Feld M S 1993a Biochemical analysis and mapping of atherosclerotic human artery using FT-IR microspectroscopy Atherosclerosis 103 181-93
107. Manoharan R, Ghiamati E, Chadha S, Nelson W H and Sperry J F 1993b Effect of cultural conditions on deep UV resonance Raman spectra of bacteria Appl. Spectrosc. 47 2145-50
108. Manoharan R, Ghiamati E, Dalterio R A, Britton K A, Nelson W H and Sperry J F 1990 UV resonance Raman spectra of bacteria, bacterial spores, protoplasts and calcium dipicolinate J. Microbiol. Methods 11 1-15
109. Manoharan R, Shafer K, Perelman L, Wu J, Chen K, Deinum G, Fitzmauice M, Myles J, Crowe J, Dasari R R and Feld MS 1998 Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence photon migration for breast cancer diagnosis and imaging Photochem. Photobiol. 67 15-22
110. Manoharan R, Wang Y, Dasari R R, Singer S, Rava R P and Feld M S 1995 UV resonance Raman spectroscopy for detection of colon cancer Lasers in Life Sci. 6 217-27
111. Manoharan R, Wang Y and Feld M S 1996 Review: histochemical analysis of biological tissues using Raman spectroscopy Spectrochem. Acta A 52 215-49
112. Marbach R, Koschinsky T H, Gries F A and Heise H M 1993 Noninvasive blood glucose assay by near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of the human inner lip Appl. Spectrosc. 47 875-81
113. Marchant G J 1994 Contemporary management of breast cancer Obstet. Gynecol. Clin. North Am. 21 555-60
114. Martens H and Naes T 1989 Multivariate Calibration (Chichester: Wiley)
115. McCreery R L 1995 Applications of Raman Spectroscopy ed T Laserna (New York: Wiley)
116. McGill N, Dieppe P A, Bowden M, Gardiner D J and Hall M 1991 Identification of pathological mineral-deposits by Raman microscopy Lancet 337 77-8
117. McKee A C, Kosik K and Kowall K N 1991 Neuritic pathology and dementia in Allzheimer's disease Ann. Neurol. 30 156-65
118. Mirra S S, Gearing M, McKeel D W Jr, Crain B J, Hughes J P, van Belle G and Heyman A 1994 Inter-laboratory comparison of neuropathology assessments in Alzheimer's disease: a study of the consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 53 303-15 (Erratum J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 1994 53 425)
119. Mitchinson M J 1982 Insoluble lipids in human atherosclerotic plaques Atherosclerosis 45 11-15
120. Mizuno A, Hayashi T, Tashibu K, Maraishi S, Kawauchi K and Ozaki Y 1992 Near-infrared FT-Raman spectra of the rat-brain tissues Neurosci. Lett. 141 47-52
121. Mizuno A, Kitajima H, Kawauchi K, Muraishi S and Ozaki Y 1994 Near infrared Fourier transform Raman spectroscopic study of human brain tissues and tumours J. Raman Spectrosc. 25 265-9
122. Mizuno A, Ozaki Y, Kamada Y, Miyazaki H, Itoh K and Iriyama K 1981 Direct measurement of Raman spectra of intact lens in a whole eyeball Curr. Eye Res. 1 609-13
123. Moreno P R et al 1996 Macrophage infiltration predicts restenosis after coronary intervention in patients with unstable angina Circulation 94 3098-102
124. National Cancer Institute 1997 Breast Cancer National Institute of Health News Release March 7
125. Nelson W H, Manoharan R and Sperry J F 1992 UV resonance Raman studies of bacteria Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 27 67-124
126. Nie S M, Bergbauer K L, Kuck J F R and Yu N T 1990 Near-infrared Fourier-transform Raman-spectroscopy in human lens research Exp. Eye Res. 51 619-23
127. O'Leary T J and Levin I W 1985 Secondary structure of endocrine amyloid: infrared spectroscopy of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid Lab. Invest. 53 240-2
128. Ozaki Y 1988 Medical application of Raman spectroscopy Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 24 259-312
129. Ozaki Y, Kaneuchi F, Iwamoto T, Yoshiura M and Iriyama K 1989 Nondestructive analysis of biological-materials by FT-IR-ATR 1 Direct evidence for the existence of collagen helix in lens capsule Appl. Spectrosc. 43 138-41
130. Pagano M and Gauvreau K 1993 Principles of Biostatistics (Belmont, CA: Duxbury)
131. Pestaner J P, Mullick F G, Johnson F B and Centeno J A 1996 Calcium oxalate crystals in human pathology: molecular analysis with the laser Raman microprobe Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 120 537-40
132. Peters R J G, Kok W E, Havenith M G, Rijsterborgh H, van der Wal A C and Visser C A 1994 Histopathologic validation of intracoronary ultrasound imaging J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 7 230-41
133. Puppels G J 1997 Development of in vivo diagnostic tools based on Raman spectroscopy 24th Ann. Conf. FACSS Conf. (Providence, RI, 1997) (Santa Fe, NM: FACSS)
134. Puppels G J, Demul F F M, Otto C, Greve J, Robertnicoud M, Arndtjovin D J and Jovin T M 1990 Studying single living cells and chromosomes by confocal Raman microspectroscopy Nature 347 301-3
135. Puppels G J, Garristen H S P, Kummer J A and Greve J 1993 Carotenoids located in human lymphocyte subpopulations and natural killer cells by Raman microspectroscopy Cytometry 14 251-6
136. Puppels G J, Garritsen H S P, Segersnolten G M J, Demul F F M and Greve J 1991a Raman microspectroscopic approach to the study of human granulocytes Biophys. J. 60 1046-56
137. Puppels G J, Olminkhof J H, Segers-Nolten G M, Otto C, de Mul F F and Greve J 1991 b Laser irradiation and Raman spectroscopy of single living cells and chromosomes: sample degradation occurs with 5145 nm but not with 660 nm laser light Exp. Cell Res. 195 361-7
138. Puppels G J, Otto C, Greve J, Robert-Nicoud M, Arndt-Jvin D J and Jovin T M 1994 Raman microspectroscopic study of low pH induced changes in DNA structure of polytene chromosomes Biochemistry 33 3386-95
139. Puppels G J, van Aken T, Wolthuis R, Caspers P J, Bakker Schul T, Bruining H A, Romer T J, Buschman H P J, Wach M L and Robinson J S J 1998 In vivo tissue characterization by Raman spectroscopy Proc. BIOS/SPIE 3257 78-83
140. Radi M 1989 Calcium oxalate crystals in breast biopsies Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 113 1367-9
141. Rasmussen R E, Hammer-Wilson M and Berns M W 1989 Mutation and sister chromatid exchange induction in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells by pulsed excimer laser radiation at 193 nm and 308 nm and continuous UV radiation at 254 nm Photochem. Photobiol. 49 413-18
142. Rava R P, Baraga J J and Feld M S 1991 Near-infrared Fourier-transform Raman-spectroscopy of human artery Spectrochim. Acta A 47 509-12
143. Redd D C, Yue K T, Martin L G and Kaufman S L 1991 Raman spectroscopy of human atherosclerotic plaque: implications for laser angioplasty J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2 247-52
144. Redd D C B, Feng Z C, Yue K T and Gansler T S 1993 Raman spectroscopic characterization of human breast tissues: implications for breast cancer diagnosis Appl. Spect. 47 787-91
145. Rehman I, Smith R, Hench L L and Bonfield W 1995 Structural evaluation of human and sheep bone and comparison with synthetic hydroxyapatite by FT Raman spectroscopy J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 29 1287-94
146. Richards-Kortum R, Rava R P, Fitzmaurice M, Tong L L, Ratliff N B, Kramer J R and Feld M S 1989 A one layer model of laser-induced fluorescence for diagnosis of disease in human tissue: applications to atherosclerosis IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 36 1222-31
147. Richards-Kortum R and Sevick-Muraca E 1996 Quantitative optical spectroscopy for tissue diagnosis Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 47 455-606
148. Rippon W P, Koenig J L and Walton A 1971 Laser Raman spectroscopy of biopolymers and proteins Agri. Food Chem. 19 692-7
149. Robb E W and Munk M E 1990 A neural network approach tu infrared spectrum interpretation Mikrochim. Acta 1 131-55
150. Römer T J, Brennan J F, Fitzmaurice M, Feldstein M L, Deinum G, Myles J L, Kramer J R, Less R S and Feld M S 1998a Histopathology of human coronary atherosclerosis by quantifying its chemical composition with Raman spectroscopy Circulation 97 878-85
151. Römer T J, Brennan J F, Puppels G J, Laarse A V D. Princen H M G, Folger O, Buschman H P J, Jukema J W, Havekes L M and Bruschkc A V G 1998b Raman spectroscopy provides chemical mappings of atherosclerolic plaques in APOE*3 Leiden transgenic mice Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis Vasc. Biol. in review
152. Römer T J, Brennan J F, Puppels G J, Tuinenburg J, van Duinen S G, van der Laarse A, van der Steen A F W, Bom N A and Bruschke A V G 1998c Intravascular ultrasound combined with Raman spectroscopy to localize and quantify cholesterol and calcium salts in atherosclerotic coronary arteries Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis Vasc. Biol. in review
153. Rozenman Y, Gilon D, Welber S, Sapoznikov D, Lotan C, Mosseri M, Weiss T, Hasin Y and Gotsman M S 1995 Influence of coronary angioplasty on the progression of coronary atherosclerosis Am. J. Cardiol. 76 1126-30
154. Rubin E and Farber J L 1994 Pathology (Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott)
155. Salenius J P, Brennan J F, Miller A, Wang Y, Aretz. T, Sacks B, Dasari R R and Feld M S 1998 Biochemical composition of human peripheral arteries using near infrared Raman spectroscopy J. Vasc. Surg. 27 710-19
156. Schaeberle M D, Kalasinsky V F, Luke J L, Lewis E N, Levin I W and Treado P J 1996 Raman chemical imaging: histopathology of inclusions in human breast tissue Anal. Chem. 66 1829-33
157. Schrader B, Dippel B, Fendel S, Keller S, Lochte T, Riedl M, Schulte R and Tatsch E 1997 NIR FT Raman spectroscopy - a new tool in medical diagnostics J. mol. Struct. 408 23-31
158. Schweers O, Schonbrunn-Hanebeck D, Man A and Mandelkow E 1994 Structural studies of tau protein and Alzheimer paired helical filaments show no evidence for β-Structure, J. Biol. Chem. 39 24 290-7
159. Sebag J, Nie S, Reiser K, Charles M A and Yu N T 1994 Raman spectroscopy of human vitreous in proliferative diabetic retinopathy Invest. Opthalmol. Vis. Sci. 35 2976-80
160. Sharma S 1996 Applied Multivariate Techniques (New York: Wiley)
161. Shim M G and Wilson B C 1996 The effects of ex vivo handling procedures on the near-infrared Raman spectra of normal mammalian tissues Photochem. Photobiol. 63 662-71
162. -1997 Development of an in vivo Raman spectroscopic system for diagnostic applications J. Raman Spectrosc. 28 131-42
163. Shreve A P, Cherepy N J and Mathies R A 1992 Effective rejection of fluorescence in interference in Raman spectroscopy using a shifted excitation difference technique Appl. Spectrosc. 46 707-11
164. Siebenga I, Vrensen G F, Otto K, Puppels G J. De Mul F F and Greve J 1992 Aging and changes in protein conformation in the human lens: a Raman microspectroscopy study Exp. Eye Res. 54 759-67
165. 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy study Cancer 55 5140-5
166. Sliney D and Wolbarsht M 1980 Safety with Lasers and Other Optical Sources: a Comprehensive Handbook (New York: Plenum)
167. Smeets M H, Vrensen G F J M, Otto K, Puppels G J and Greve J 1993 Local variations in protein-structure in the human eye lens - a Raman microspectroscopic study Biophys. Biochim. Acta 1164 236-42
168. Spiro T G (ed) 1988 Biological Applications of Raman Spectroscopy vol II (New York: Wiley)
169. Stary H C, Chandler A B. Dinsmore R E, Fuster V, Glagov S, Insull W Jr, Rosenfeld M E, Schwartz, C J, Wagner W D and Wissler R W 1995 A definition of advanced types of atherosclerotic lesions and a histological classification of atherosclerosis Circulation 91 1355-74
170. Sternberg S S 1997 Histology for Pathologists (Philadelphia: Lippincolt-Raven)
171. Sureau F, Chinsky L, Amirand C, Ballini J P, Duquesne M, Laigle A, Turpin P Y and Vigny P 1990 An ultraviolet micro-Raman spectrometer-resonance Raman spectroscopy within single living cells Appl. Spectrosc. 44 1047-51
172. Tarr R V and Steffes P G 1993 Non-invasive blood glucose measurement system and method using stimulated Raman spectroscopy United States Patent 5243 983
173. Toussaint J F, LaMuraglia G M, Southern J F. Fuster V and Kantor H L 1996 Magnetic resonance images lipid, fibrous, calcified, hemorrhagic, and thrombolic components of human atherosclerosis in vivo Circulation 94 932-8
174. Treado P J, Levin I W and Lewis E N 1994 Indium-antimonide (InSb) focal-plane array (FPA) detection for near-infrared imaging microscopy Appl. Spectrosc. 48607-15
175. Turrell G and Corset J (ed) 1996 Raman Microscopy (New York: Wiley)
176. Wang Y and McCreery R L 1989 Evaluation of a diode-laser charge coupled device spectrometer for near-infrared Raman-spectroscopy Anal. Chem. 61 2647-51
177. Waynant R W and Chenault V M 1998 Overview of non-invasive fluid glucose measurement using optical techniques to maintain glucose control in diabetes mellitus IEEE LEOS Newsletter 12 3-6
178. Wen Z Q, Overman S A and Thomas G J Jr 1997 Structure and interactions of the single-stranded DNA genome of filamentous virus fd: investigation by ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy Biochemistry 36 7810-20
179. Wen Z Q and Thomas G J Jr 1998 UV resonance Raman spectroscopy of DNA and protein constituents of viruses: assignments and cross sections for excitations at 257, 244, 238, and 229 nm Biopolymers 45 247-56
180. Wexler L, Brundage B, Crouse J, Detrano R, Fuster V, Maddahi J, Rumberger J, Stanford W, White R and Taubert K 1996 Coronary artery calcification: pathophysiology, epidemiology, imaging methods, and clinical implications: a statement for health professionals from the American Heart Association Circulation 94 1175-92
181. Williams A C, Barry B W, Edwards H G and Farwell D W 1993 A critical comparison of some Raman spectroscopic techniques for studies of human stratum corneum Pharm. Res. 10 1642-7
182. Williamson J M, Bowling R J and McCreery R L 1989 Near-infrared Raman-spectroscopy with a 783-nm diode-laser and CCD array detector Appl. Spectrosc. 43 372-5
183. Wold S, Esbensen K and Geladi P 1987 Principal component analysis Chemometrics Intell. Lab. Syst. 2 37-52
184. Wolfarth D L, Han D W, Bushar G and Parks N L 1997 Separation and characterization of polyethylene wear debris from synovial fluid and tissue samples of revised knee replacements J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 43 57-61
185. Yamagishi M, Ishizuka Y and Seki K 1994 Pathology of olfactory mucosa in patients with Alzheimer's disease Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 103 421-7
186. Yao Y, Nelson W H, Hargraves P and Zhang J 1997 UV resonance Raman study of demoic acid, a marine neurotoxic amino acid Appl. Spectrose. 51 785-91
187. Yazdi Y, Ramanujam N, Lotan R, Mitchell M F, Hittelman W and Richards-Kortum R 1999 Resonance Raman spectroscopy at 257 nm excitation of normal and malignant cultured breast and cervical cells Appl. Spectrosc. 53 82-5
188. Yeo T-K, Brown L and Dvorak H F 1991 Alterations in proteoglycan synthesis common to healing wounds and tumors Am. J. Pathol. 138 1437-50
189. Yu N T, DeNagel D C and Kuck J F R 1987 Ocular lenses Biological Applications of Raman Spectroscopy ed T G Spiro (New York:Wiley) pp 47-80
190. Yu N T, DeNagel D C, Pruett P L and Kuck J F R 1985 Disulfide bond formation in the eye lens Proc Natl Acad. Sci. USA 82 7965-8
191. Yu N T, Kuck JFR and Askren C C 1979 Red fluorescence in older and brunescent human lenses Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 18 1278-80
192. -1982 Laser Raman spectroscopy of the lens in situ, measured in an anesthetized rabbit Curr. Eye Res. 1 615-8