Conditioned eyeblink response consists of two distinct components

Journal of Neurophysiology

Volumn 83, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 796-807

  Ivarsson, Magnus ^a,b   Svensson, Pär ^a  

^a LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CONDITIONED REFLEX; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELECTROMYOGRAM; ELECTROSTIMULATION; EYELID REFLEX; FERRET; MALE; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; NONHUMAN; ORBICULARIS OCULI MUSCLE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RABBIT; STIMULUS RESPONSE;

EID: 0033951219     PISSN: 00223077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/jn.2000.83.2.796     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. AÑOR, S., ESPADALER, J. M., MONREAL, L., AND MAYHEW, I. G. Electrically induced blink reflex in horses. Vet. Rec. 139: 621-624, 1996.
2. BAKER, S., HARDIMAN, M. J., AND YEO, C. H. Conditioned response modulation of the R1 and R2 components of the blink reflex. Eur. J. Neurosci. Suppl. 4: 309, 4303, 1991.
3. BERTHIER, N. E. Muscle activity during the unconditioned and the conditioned eye blinks in the rabbit. Behav. Brain Res. 48: 21-28, 1992.
4. BERTHIER, N. E. AND MOORE, J. W. Role of extraocular muscles in the rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus) nictitating membrane response. Physiol. Behav. 24: 931-937, 1980.
5. CLARK, R. E., ZHANG, A. A., AND LAVOND, D. G. Reversible lesions of the cerebellar interpositus nucleus during acquisition and retention of a classically conditioned behavior in rabbits. Behav. Neurosci. 106: 879-888, 1992.
6. DENGLER, R., RECHL, F., AND STRUPPLER, A. Recruitment of single motor units in the human blink reflex. Neurosci. Lett. 34: 301-305, 1982.
7. DOMINGO, J. A., GRUART, A., AND DELGADO-GARCIA, J. M. Quantal organization of reflex and conditioned eyelid responses. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 2518-2530, 1997.
8. ELLRICH, J. AND HOPF, H. C. The R3 component of the blink reflex: normative data and application in spinal lesions. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 101: 349-354, 1996.
9. EVINGER, C. AND MANNING, K. A. Pattern of extraocular muscle activation during reflex blinking. Exp. Brain Res. 92: 502-506, 1993.
10. GARCIA, K. S. AND MAUK, M. D. Pharmacological analysis of cerebellar contributions to the timing and expression of conditioned eyelid responses. Neuropharmacology 37: 471-480, 1998.
11. GORDON, G. Observations upon the movements of the eyelids. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 35: 339-351, 1951.
12. GORMEZANO, I., KEHOE, E. J., AND MARSHALL, B. S. Twenty years of classical conditioning research with the rabbit. Prog. Psychobiol. Physiol. Psychol. 10: 197-275, 1983.
13. GORMEZANO, I. AND MOORE, J. W. Classical conditioning. In: Learning: Processes. London: The Macmillan Company, Collier-Macmillan Limited, 1969, p. 121-203.
14. GRUART, A., BLÁZQUEZ, P., AND DELGADO-GARCÍA, J. M. Kinematic analyses of classically-conditioned eyelid movements in the cat suggest a brain stem site for motor learning. Neurosci. Lett. 175: 81-84, 1994.
15. GRUART, A., BLÁZQUEZ, P., AND DELGADO-GARCÍA, J. M. Kinematics of spontaneous, reflex, and conditioned eyelid movements in the alert cat. J. Neurophysiol. 74: 226-248, 1995.
16. GRUART, A. AND YEO, C. H. Cerebellar cortex and eyeblink conditioning: bilateral regulation of conditioned responses. Exp. Brain Res. 104: 431-448. 1995.
17. HARDIMAN, M. J., RAMNANI, N., AND YEO, C. H. Reversible inactivations of the cerebellum with muscimol prevent the acquisition and extinction of conditioned nictitating membrane responses in the rabbit. Exp. Brain Res. 110: 235-247, 1996.
18. HESSLOW, G. Correspondence between climbing fibre input and motor output in eyeblink related areas in cat cerebellar cortex. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 476: 229-244, 1994a.
19. HESSLOW, G. Inhibition of classically conditioned eyeblink responses by stimulation of the cerebellar cortex in the cat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 476: 245-256, 1994b.
20. HESSLOW, G. AND IVARSSON, M. Inhibition of the inferior olive during conditioned responses in the decerebrate ferret. Exp. Brain Res. 110: 36-46, 1996.
21. HESSLOW, G., IVARSSON, M., AND SVENSSON, P. Critical role of mossy fibres in transmitting conditioned stimulus in classical eyeblink conditioning in decerebrate ferrets. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 638: 3, 1996.
22. HIRAOKA, M. AND SHIMAMURA, M. Neural mechanisms of the corneal blinking reflex in cats. Brain Res. 125: 265-275, 1977.
23. IVARSSON, M. AND HESSLOW, G. Bilateral control of the orbicularis oculi muscle from one cerebellar hemisphere in the ferret. Neuroreport 4: 1127-1130, 1993.
24. IVARSSON, M., HESSLOW, G., AND SVENSSON, P. Relative contributions of the c1 and c3 zones of the cerebellar cortex to eyeblink conditioning in the ferret. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 638: 3, 1996.
25. IVARSSON, M. AND SVENSSON, P. The conditioned eyeblink response is a complex response consisting of several components acquired and extinguished individually. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 306: 1, 1997.
26. IVARSSON, M., SVENSSON, P., AND HESSLOW, G. Bilateral disruption of conditioned responses after unilateral blockade of cerebellar output in the decerebrate ferret. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 502: 189-201, 1997.
27. IVARSSON, M., SVENSSON, P., AND HESSLOW, G. Possible origin of the components in the conditioned eyeblink response. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 760: 12, 1998a.
28. IVARSSON, M., SVENSSON, P., AND HESSLOW, G. Contralateral cerebellar involvement in the extinction of a conditioned eyeblink response. Abstract in Cerebellar Modules: Molecules, Morphology and Function. Symposium in Honour of Jan Voogd's Lifetime Work in Cerebellar Anatomy, 1998b, p. 7.
29. KUGELBERG, E. Facial reflexes. Brain 75: 385-396, 1952.
30. MACKINTOSH, N. J. The Psychology of Animal Learning. London: Academic, 1974, p. 100-105.
31. MCCORMICK, D. A., LAVOND, D. G., AND THOMPSON, R. F. Concomitant classical conditioning of the rabbit nictitating membrane and eyelid responses: correlations and implications. Physiol. Behav. 28: 769-775, 1982.
32. MCLOON, L. K. AND WIRTSCHAFTER, J. D. Regional differences in the orbicularis oculi muscle: conservation between species. J. Neurol. Sci. 104: 197-202, 1991.
33. PATRINELY, J. R. AND ANDERSON, R. L. Anatomy of the orbicularis oculi muscle and other facial muscles. In: Advances in Neurology, Facial Dyskinesias, edited by J. Jancovic and E. Tolosa. New York: Raven, 1988, vol. 49, p. 15-23.
34. PAVLOV, I. P. Conditioned Reflexes: An Investigation of the Physiological Activity of the Cerebral Cortex (G. V. Anrep. trans.). London: Oxford, 1927.
35. PELLEGRINI, J. J., HORN, A.K.E., AND EVINGER, C. The trigeminally evoked blink reflex I. Neuronal circuits. Exp. Brain Res. 107: 166-180, 1995.
36. PENDERS, C. A. AND DELWAIDE, P. J. Physiological approach to the human blink reflex. In: New Developments in Electromyography and Clinical Neurophysiology, edited by J. E. Desmedt. Basel: Karger, 1973, vol. 3, p. 649-657.
37. PERRETT, S. P. AND MAUK, M. D. Extinction of conditioned eyelid responses requires the anterior lobe of cerebellar cortex. J. Neurosci. 15: 2074-2080, 1995.
38. PERRETT, S. P., RUIZ, B. P., AND MAUK, M. D. Cerebellar cortex lesions disrupt learning-dependent timing of conditioned eyelid responses. J. Neurosci. 13: 1708-1718, 1993.
39. RAMNANI, N. AND YEO, C. H. Reversible inactivations of the cerebellum prevent the extinction of conditioned nictitating membrane responses in rabbits. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 495: 159-168, 1996.
40. ROSSI, B., RISALITI, R., AND ROSSI, A. The R3 component of the blink reflex in man: a reflex response induced by activation of high threshold cutaneous afferents. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 73: 334-340, 1989.
41. SANES, J. N. AND ISON, J. R. A silent period in orbicularis oculi muscles of humans. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 43: 504-509, 1980.
42. SKELTON, R. W. Bilateral cerebellar lesions disrupt conditioned eyelid responses in unrestrained rats. Behav. Neurosci. 102: 586-590, 1988.
43. SVENSSON, P., IVARSSON, M., AND HESSLOW, G. Effect of varying the intensity and train frequency of forelimb and cerebellar mossy fiber conditioned stimuli on the latency of conditioned eye-blink responses in decerebrate ferret. Learn. Mem. 3: 105-115, 1997.
44. TAMAI, Y., IWAMOTO, M., AND TSUJIMOTO, T. Pathway of the blink reflex in the brainstem of the cat: interneurones between the trigeminal nuclei and the facial nucleus. Brain Res. 380: 19-25, 1986.
45. THOMPSON, R. F. AND KRUPA, D. J. Organization of memory traces in the mammalian brain. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 17: 519-549, 1994.
46. VAN HAM, J. J. AND YEO, C. H. The central distribution of primary afferents from the external eyelids, conjunctiva, and cornea in the rabbit, studied using WGA-HRP and B-HRP as transganglionic tracers. Exp. Neurol. 142: 217-225, 1996a.
47. VAN HAM, J. J. AND YEO, C. H. Trigeminal inputs to eyeblink motoneurones in the rabbit. Exp. Neurol. 142: 244-257, 1996b.
48. WELSH, J. P. Changes in the motor pattern of learned and unlearned responses following cerebellar lesions: a kinematic analysis of the nictitating membrane reflex. Neuroscience 47: 1-19, 1992.
49. YEO, C. H. Cerebellum and classical conditioning of motor responses. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 627: 292-304, 1991.
50. YEO, C. H. AND HARDIMAN, M. J. Cerebellar cortex and eyeblink conditioning: a reexamination. Exp. Brain Res. 88: 623-638, 1992.
51. YEO, C. H. AND HESSLOW, G. Cerebellum and conditioned reflexes. Trends Cognit. Sci. 2: 322-330, 1998.