Efficacy of lithium in mania and maintenance therapy of bipolar disorder

Journal of Clinical Psychiatry

Volumn 61, Issue SUPPL. 9, 2000, Pages 35-40

  Bowden, Charles L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER AT SAN ANTONIO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; CARBAMAZEPINE; CHLORAL HYDRATE; LITHIUM; LORAZEPAM; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; VALPROATE SEMISODIUM; VERAPAMIL;

CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; HUMAN; MANIA; MANIC DEPRESSIVE PSYCHOSIS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SUICIDE;

ANTICONVULSANTS; ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS; BIPOLAR DISORDER; CLINICAL TRIALS; CROSS-OVER STUDIES; DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; HUMANS; LITHIUM; MOTOR ACTIVITY; PLACEBOS; RISK FACTORS; SUICIDE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0033939121     PISSN: 01606689     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (65)

1. Schou M, Juel-Nielsen N, Stromgren E, et al. The treatment of manic psychoses by the administration of lithium salts. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1954;17:250-260
2. Maggs R. Treatment of manic illness with lithium carbonate. Br J Psychiatry 1963;109:56-55
3. Goodwin FK, Murphy DL, Bunney WE Jr. Lithium carbonate treatment in depression and mania: a longitudinal double-blind study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1969;21:486-496
4. Stokes PE, Shamoian CA, Stoll PM, et al. Efficacy of lithium as acute treatment of manic-depressive illness. Lancet 1971;1:1319-1325
5. Bowden CL, Brugger AM, Swann AC, et al. Efficacy of divalproex vs lithium and placebo in the treatment of mania. JAMA 1994;271:918-924
6. Janicak PG, Newinan RH, Davis JM. Advances in the treatment of mania and related disorders: a reappraisal. Psychiatr Ann 1992;22:92-103
7. Bowden CL. Key treatment studies of lithium in manic-depressive illness: efficacy and side effects. J Clin Psychiatry 1998;59(suppl 6):13-19
8. Freeman TW, Clothier JL, Pazzaglia P, et al. A double-blind comparison of valproate and lithium in the treatment of acute mania. Am J Psychiatry 1992;149:108-111
9. Lerer B, Moore N, Meyendorff E, et al. Carbamazepine versus lithium in mania: a double-blind study. J Clin Psychiatry 1987;48:89-93
10. Small JG, Klapper MH, Milstein V, et al. Carbamazepine compared with lithium in the treatment of mania. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991;48:915-921
11. Walton SA, Berk M, Brook S. Superiority of lithium over verapamil in mania: a randomized, controlled, single-blind trial. J Clin Psychiatry 1996;57:543-546
12. Swann AC, Bowden CL, Calabrese JR, et al. Differential effect of number of previous episodes of affective disorder on response to lithium or divalproex in acute mania. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156:1264-1266
13. Bowden CL. Predictors of response to divalproex and lithium. J Clin Psychiatry 1995;56(suppl 3):25-30
14. Blackwell B, Shepherd M. Prophylactic lithium: another therapeutic myth? Lancet 1968;1:968-971
15. Moncrieff J. Lithium revisited: a re-examination of the placebo-controlled trials of lithium prophylaxis in manic-depressive disorder [editorial]. Br J Psychiatry 1995;167:569-573
16. Baastrup PC, Poulsen JC, Schou M, et al. Prophylactic lithium: double-blind discontinuation in manic-depressive and recurrent-depressive disorders. Lancet 1970;2:326-330
17. Prien RF, Caffey EM, Klett CJ. Prophylactic efficacy of lithium carbonate in manic-depressive illness. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1973;28:337-341
18. Prien RF, Klett CJ, Caffey EM. Lithium carbonate and imipramine in prevention of iffective episodes. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1973;29:420-425
19. Melia PI. Prophylactic lithium: a double-blind trial in recurrent affective disorders. Br J Psychiatry 1970;116:621-624
20. Stallone F, Shelley E, Mendlewicz J, et al. The use of lithium in affective disorders, 3: a double-blind study of prophylaxis in bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1973;130:1006-1010
21. Cundall RL, Brooks PW, Murray LG. A controlled evaluation of lithium prophylaxis in affective disorders. Psychol Med 1972;2:308-311
22. Baldessarini FJ, Tondo L, Faedda GL, et al. Effects of the rate of discontinuing lithium maintenance treatment in bipolar disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 1996;57:441-448
23. Faedda GL, Tondo L, Baldessarini RJ, et al. Outcome after rapid vs gradual discontinuation of lithium treatment in bipolar disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993;50:448-456
24. Calabrese JR, Bowden CL, Sachs GS, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of lamotrigine monotherapy in outpatients with bipolar I depression. J Clin Psychiatry 1999;60:79-88
25. Bowden CL, Calabrese JR, McElroy SL, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled 12 month trial of divalproex and lithium in treatment of outpatients with bipolar I disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. In press
26. Keck PE Jr, Welge JA, Strakowski SM, et al. Placebo effect in randomized, controlled maintenance studies of patients with bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry. In press
27. Esparon J, Kolloori J, Naylor GJ, et al. Comparison of the prophylactic action of flupenthixol with placebo in lithium treated manic-depressive patients. Br J Psychiatry 1986;148:723-725
28. Ahlfors UG, Baastrup PC, Dencker SJ. Flupenthixol decanoate in recurrent manic-depressive illness: a comparison with lithium. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1981;64:226-237
29. Lambert PA, Venaud G. Comparative study of valpromide versus lithium as prophylactic treatment in affective disorders. Nervure 1992;5:57-65
30. Denicoff KD, Smith-Jackson EE, Disney ER, et al. Comparative prophylactic efficacy of lithium, carbamazepine, and the combination in bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 1997;58:470-478
31. Greil W, Ludwig-Mayerhofer W, Erazo N, et al. Lithium versus carbamazepine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorders: a randomised study. J Affect Disord 1997;43:151-161
32. Okuma T, Yamashita I, Takahashi R, et al. Comparison of the antimanic efficacy of carbamazepine and lithium carbonate by double-blind controlled study. Pharmacopsychiatry 1990;23:143-150
33. Bouman TK, Niemantsverdriet-van Kampen JG, Ormel J, et al. The effectiveness of lithium prophylaxis in bipolar and unipolar depressions and schizo-affective disorders. J Affect Disord 1986;11:275-280
34. Coryell W, Winokur G, Solomon D, et al. Lithium and recurrence in a long-term follow-up of bipolar affective disorder. Psychol Med 1997;27: 281-289
35. Harrow M, Goldberg JF, Grossman LS, et al. Outcome in manic disorders: a naturalistic follow-up study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990;47:665-671
36. Markar HR, Mander AJ. Efficacy of lithium prophylaxis in clinical practice. BrJ Psychiatry 1989;155:496-500
37. Gitlin MJ, Cochran SD, Jamison KR. Maintenance lithium treatment: side effects and compliance. J Clin Psychiatry 1989;50:127-131
38. Vestergaard P, Licht RW, Brodersen A, et al. Outcome of lithium prophylaxis: a prospective follow-up of affective disorder patients assigned to high and low serum lithium levels. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1998;98:310-315
39. Maj M, Pirozzi R, Kemali D. Long-term outcome of lithium prophylaxis in patients initially classified as complete responders. Psychopharmacology 1989;98:535-538
40. Maj M, Pirozzi R, Magliano L. Late non-response to lithium prophylaxis in bipolar patients: prevalence and predictors. J Affect Disord 1996;39:39-42
41. Maj M, Pirozzi R, Magliano L, et al. Long-term outcome of lithium prophylaxis in bipolar disorder: a 5-year prospective study of 402 patients at a lithium clinic. Am J Psychiatry 1998;155:30-35
42. Baldessarini RJ, Tondo L. Does lithium treatment still work? Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000;57:187-190
43. Dunner DL, Fieve RR. Clinical factors in lithium carbonate prophylaxis failure. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1974;30:229-233
44. Tohen M, Tsuang MT, Goodwin DC. Prediction of outcome in mania by mood congruent or mood incongruent psychotic features. Am J Psychiatry 1992;149:1580-1584
45. Gelenberg AJ, Kane JM, Keller MB, et al. Comparison of standard and low serum levels of lithium for maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder. N Engl J Med 1989;321:1489-1493
46. Coppen A, Peel M, Bailey J, et al. Double-blind and open prospective studies of lithium prophylaxis in affective disorders. Psychiatr Neurol Neurochir 1973;76:500-510
47. Schou M. The effect of prophylactic lithium treatment on mortality and suicidal behavior: a review for clinicians. J Affect Disord 1998;50: 253-259
48. Müller-Oerlinghausen B, Mueser-Causemann B, Volk J. Suicides and parasuicides in a high-risk patient group on and off lithium long-term medication. J Affect Disord 1992;25:261-270
49. Tondo, L, Baldessarini RJ, Hennen J, et al. Lithium treatment and risk of suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder patients. J Clin Psychiatry 1998;59: 405-414
50. Baldessarini RJ, Tondo L, Hennen J. Effects of lithium treatment and its discontinuation on suicidal behavior in bipolar manic-depressive disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 1999;60(suppl 2):77-84
51. Greil W, Kleindienst N, Erazo N, et al. Differential response to lithium and carbamazepine in the prophylaxis of bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1998;18:455-460
52. Gitlin MJ, Swendsen J, Heller TL, et al. Relapse and impairment in bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152:1635-1640
53. Coryell W, Solomon D, Leon AC, et al. Lithium discontinuation and subsequent effectiveness. Am J Psychiatry 1998;155:895-898
54. Johnson RE, McFarland BH. Lithium use and discontinuation in a health maintenance organization. Am J Psychiatry 1996;153:993-1000
55. Suppes T, Baldessarini RJ, Faedda GL, et al. Risk of recurrence following discontinuation of lithium treatment in bipolar disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991;48:1082-1088
56. Denicoff KD, Smith-Jackson EE, Bryan AL, et al. Valproate prophylaxis in a prospective clinical trial of refractory bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1997;154:1456-1458
57. Stoll AL, Locke CA, Vuckovic A, et al. Lithium-associated cognitive and functional deficits reduced by a switch to divalproex sodium: a case series. J Clin Psychiatry 1996;57:356-359
58. Solomon DA, Keitner GI, Miller FW, et al. Course of illness and maintenance treatments for patients with bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 1995; 56:5-13
59. Post RM, Leverich GS, Altshuler L, et al. Lithium-discontinuation-induced refractoriness: preliminary observations. Am J Psychiatry 1992; 149:1727-1729
60. Bowden CL, Davis J, Morris D, et al. Effect size of efficacy measures comparing divalproex, lithium and placebo in acute mania. Depress Anxiety 1997;6:26-30
61. Cade JFJ. Lithium salts in the treatment of psychotic excitement. Med J Aust 1949;2:349-352
62. Shaw ED, Stokes PE, Mann JJ, et al. Effects of lithium carbonate on the memory and motor speed of bipolar outpatients. J Abnorm Psychol 1987; 96:64-69
63. Müller-Oerlinghausen B, Hamann S, Herrmann WM, et al. Effects of lithium on vigilance, psychomotoric performance and mood. Pharmakopsychiatr Neuropsychopharmakol 1979;12:388-396
64. Vale AL, Ratcliffe F. Effect of lithium administration on rat brain 5-hydroxyindole levels in a possible animal model for mania. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1987;91:352-355
65. Keller MB, Lavori PW, Kane JM, et al. Subsyndromal symptoms in bipolar disorder: a comparison of standard and low serum levels of lithium. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:371-376