Hazards of transgenic plants containing the cauliflower mosaic viral promoter: Authors' reply to critiques of 'the cauliflower mosaic viral promoter - A recipe for disaster?'

Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 6-11

  Ho, Mae Wan ^a   Ryan, Angela ^a   Cummins, Joe ^b  

^a OPEN UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CAULIFLOWER MOSAIC VIRUS; GENETIC MANIPULATION; GENETIC RECOMBINATION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROMOTER REGION; RISK; TRANSGENIC PLANT; VIRUS GENE;

BRASSICA OLERACEA VAR. BOTRYTIS; CAULIFLOWER MOSAIC VIRUS;

EID: 0033912728     PISSN: 0891060X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Rautenberg O. Opinion in t he guise of science. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease (in press): will be published in next number of Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease; 12/2.
2. Ho MW, Ryan A, Cummins J. Cauliflower Mosaic Viral Promoter - A Recipe for Disaster? Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 1999; 11: 194-7.
3. Ho MW, Traavik T, Olsvik R, Tappeser B, Howard V, von Weizsacker C, McGavin G. Gene Technology and Gene Ecology of Infectious Diseases. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 1998; 10: 33-59.
4. Ho MW, Ryan A, Cummins J, Traavik T. Unregulated Hazards: 'Naked' and 'Free' Nucleic Acids. ISIS Report, Jan. 2000, prepared for TWN and circulated at the Biosafety Protocol Conference in Montreal, Jan. 24-28, 2000, available on Institute of Science in Society website www.i-sis.org; also submitted for publication elsewhere.
5. Ewen S, Pusztai A. Effect of Diets Containing Genetically Modified Potatoes Expressing Galanthus nicalis Lectin on Rat Small Intestine. The Lancet 1999; 354: 1353-4.
6. Hull R, Covey SN, Dale P. Genetically Modified Plants and the 35S Promoter: Assessing the Risks and Enchancing the Debate. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease (in press).
7. Kohli A, Griffiths S, Palacios N, Twyman RM, Vain P, Laurie DA, Christou P. Molecular Characterization of Transforming Plasmid Rearrangements in Transgenic Rice Reveals a Recombination Hotspot in the CaMV 35S Promoter and Confirms the Predominance of Microhomology Mediated Recombination. The Plant journal 1999; 17: 591-601.
8. Zhaqo T, Robinson M, Bowers F, Kindt T. Infectivity of Chimeric Human T-cell Leukaemia Virus Type I Molecular Clones Assessed by Naked DNA Inoculation. Proc. Natnl. Acad. Sci. USA 1996; 93: 6653-8.
9. Rekvig OP, Fredriksen K, Brannsether B, Moens U, Sundsfjord A, Traavik T. Antibodies to Eucaryotic, Including Autologous, Native DNA are Produced during BK Virus Infection, but Not After Immunization with Non-infectious BK. DNA. Scand. J. Immunol. 1992; 36: 487-95.
10. Holmgren L, Szeles A, Rajnavolgyi E, Foldman J, Klein G, Emberg I, Falk KI. Horizontal Transfer of DNA by the Uptake of Apoptotic Bodies. Blood 1999; 93: 3956-63.
11. Harper G, Osuju JO, Heslop-Harrison JS, Hull R. Integration of Banana Streak Badnavirus into the Musa Genome: Molecular and Cytological Evidence. Virology 1999; 255: 207-13.
12. Lommel SA, Xiong Z. Reconstitution of a functional red clover necrotic mosaic virus by recombinational rescue of the cell-to-cell movement gene expressed in a transgenic plant. J. Cell. Biochem. 1991; 15A: 151.
13. Gal S, Pisan B, Hohn T, Grimsley N, Hohn B. Aginfection of transgenic plants leads to viable cauliflower mosaic virus by intermolecular recombination. Virology 1992; 187: 525-33.
14. Schoelz JE, Wintermantel WM. Expansion of viral host range through complementation and recombination in transgenic plants. Plant Cell 1993; 5: 1669-79.
15. Green AE, Allison RF. Recombination between viral RNA and transgenic plant transcripts. Science 1994; 263: 1423.
16. Allison, R. Update on Virus Recombination in Transgenic Crops. 22923mgr@msy.edu 1997.
17. Frischmuth T, Stanley J. Recombination between Viral DNA and the Transgenic Coat Protein Gene of African Cassava Mosaic Geminivirus. J. Gen. Virol. 1998; 70: 1265-71.
18. Falk BW, Buening G. Will Transgenic Crops Generate New Viruses and New Diseases? Science 1994; 263: 1395-6.
19. Wintermantel WM, Schoelz JE. Isolation of Recombinant Viruses between Cauliflower Mosaic Virus and A Viral Gene in Transgenic Plants under Conditions of Moderate Selection Pressure. Virology 1996; 223: 156-64.
20. Green AE, Allison RF. Deletions in the 3′Untranslated Region of Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus Transgene Reduce Recovery of Recombinant Viruses in Transgenic Plants. Virology 1996; 225: 231-4.
21. Teycheney P-Y, Aaziz R, Dinant, Salanki K, Tourneur D, Balazs E, Jacquemond M, Tepfer M. Synthesis of (-)-Strand RNA from the 3′ Untranslated Region of Plant Viral Genomes Expressed in Transgenic Plants upon Infection with Related Viruses. J. Gen. Virol. 2000, 81: 1121-26.
22. Old RW, Primrose SB. Principles of Gene Manipulation 5th ed., Blackwell, Oxford, 1994.
23. Smith V. More T-DNA than meets the eye. Trends in Plant Science 1998; 3: 85.
24. Conner AJ. Case Study: Food Safety Evaluation of Transgenic Potato. In Application of the Principles of Substantial Equivalence to the Safety Evaluation of Foods or Food Components from Plants Derived by Modern Biotechnology, pp. 23-35, WHO/FNU/FOS/95.1, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 1995.
25. Timms-Wilson TM, Lilley AK, Bailey MJ. A Review of Gene Transferfrom Genetically Modified Micro-organisms. Report to UK Health and Safety Executive, 1999.
26. Hamilton AJ, Baulcombe DC. A Species of Small Antisense RNA in Posttranscriptional Gene Silencing in Plants. Science 1999; 286: 950-2.
27. Srivastava V, Anderson OD, Ow DW. Single-copy Transgenic Wheat Generated through the Resolution of Complex Integration Patterns. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 1999; 96: 11117-21.
28. Benson S, Arax M, Burstein R, Brokaw J. A Growing Concern. Mother Jones www.Motherjones.com/mother_jones/JF97/ biotech_jump.html 1997.
29. Fox JL. Farmers Say Monsanto's Engineered Cotton Drops Bolls. Nature Biotechnology 1997, 15: 1233.
30. Finnegan J, McElroy D. Transgene Inactivation, Plants Fight Back!. Bio/Technology 1994; 12: 883-8.
31. Shapiro JA. Genome Organization, Natural Genetic Engineering, and Adaptive Mutation. Trends in Genetics 1997; 13: 98-104.
32. Ho MW. Genetic Engineering Dream or Nightmare? The Brave New World of Bad Science and Big Business. Gateway, Gill & Macmillan, 1998, 2nd ed. 1999.
33. Strahl BD, Allis CD. The Language of Covalent Histone Modifications. Nature 2000; 403: 41-5.
34. Doerfler W, Schubbert R, Heller H, Kammer C, Hfiger-Eversheim K, Knoblauch M, Remus R. Integration of Foreign DNA and Its Consequences in Mammalian Systems. Trends in Biotechnology 1997; 15: 297-301.
35. Rubin EJ, Akerley BJ, Novik VN, Lampe DJ, Husson RN, Mekalanos JJ. In vivo Transpostion of mariner-based Elements in Enteric Bacteria and Mycobacteria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 1999; 96: 1645-50.
36. Li X, Eastman EM, Schwartz RJ, Draghia-Akli R. Synthetic Muscle Promoters: Activities Exceeding Naturally Occurring Regulatory Sequences. Nature Biotechnology 1999; 17: 241-6.
37. Jakowtisch J, Mette MF, van der Winden J, Matzke MA, Matzke AJM. Integrated Pararetroviral Sequences Define a Unique Class of Dispersed Repetitive DNA in Plants. PNAS 1999; 96: 13241-6.
38. Wright DA, Voytas DR. Potential Retroviruses in Plants: Tat 1 is Related to a Group of Arabidopsis thaliana Ty3/gypsy Retrotransposons that Encode Envelope-like Proteins. Genetics 1998; 149: 703-15.
39. Maiss E, Timpe U, Brisske-Rode A. Infectious in vivo transcripts of a plumpox potyvirus full Ienth c-DNA clone containing the cauliflower mosaic virus 35-S RNA promoter. J. Gen. Virol. 1992; 73: 709-13.
40. Meyer M, Desserts J. 35S promoter driven cDNA of barley mild mosaic virus RNA-1 and RNA-2 are infectious in barley plants. J. Gen. Viol. 1997; 78: 147-51.
41. Ndowora T, Dahal G, LaFleur D, Harper G, Hull R, Olszerski NE, Lockhart B. Evidence that badnavirus infection in Musa can originate from integrated pararetroviral sequences. Virology 1999; 255: 214-20.
42. Hull, R. (1998). Detection of risks associated with coat protein transgenics. In Methods in Molecular Biology: Plant Virology Protocols: from Virus Isolation to Transgenic Resistance (Foster, G.D. and Taylor, S.C. eds.), Hurnana Press, New Jersey.
43. Zheng C, Baum BJ, Iadorola MJ, O'Connell BC. Genomic Integration and Gene Expression by a Modified Adenoviral Vector. Nature Biotechnology 2000; 18: 176-86.