Serine and cysteine proteases in sulfur mustard-exposed hairless mouse skin: Enzymatic activity and inhibition profiles

Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology

Volumn 19, Issue 2-3, 2000, Pages 137-151

  Casillas, Robert P ^a   Kam, Chih Min ^b   Powers, James C ^b  

^a US ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE   (United States)

^b GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0033863782     PISSN: 15569527     EISSN: 15569535     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/15569520009051509     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. B. Papirmeister, A.J. Feister, S.I. Robinson, and R.D. Ford, Medical Defense Against Mustard Gas: Toxic Mechanisms and Pharmacological Implications, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1991.
2. CD. Lindsay, and P. Rice, Changes in connective tissue macromolecular components of Yucatan mini-pig skin following application of sulphur mustard vapour, Human Exp. Toxicol. 74:341-348, 1995.
3. S.R. Simon, Oxidants, metalloproteases and serine proteases in inflammation, Agents Actions Suppl. 42:27-37, 1993. (Pubitemid 23193209)
4. N.C. Krejci, D.M. Knapp, RJ. Rudd, E.A. Bauer, and J. McGire, Dermal mast cell granules binding interstitial procollagenase and collagenase, J. Invest. Dermatol. 95:748-752, 1992.
5. N. Levine, V.B. Hatcher, and G.S. Lazarus, Proteinases of human epidermis; a possible mechanism for polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 452:458-467, 1976.
6. W.M. Holleran, R.E. Galardy, W.N. Gao, D. Levy, P.C. Tang, and P.M. Elias, Matrix metallopro-teinase inhibitors reduce phorbol ester-induced cutaneous inflammation and hyperplasia, Arch. Dermatol. Res. 289:138-144, 1997. (Pubitemid 27107563)
7. T. Kobayashi, N. Onoda, T. Takagi, H. Hori, S. Hattori, Y. Nagai, S. Tajima, and T. Nishikawa, Immunolocalizations of human gelatinase (type IV collagenase, MMP-9) and TIMP (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases) in normal epidermis and some epidermal tumors, Arch. Dermatol. Res. 288:239-244, 1996. (Pubitemid 26152057)
8. R.A. Briggaman, N.M. Schechter, J. Fraki, and G.S. Lazarus, Degradation of the epidermal-dermal junction by proteolytic enzymes from human skin and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, J. Exp. Med. 760:1027-1042, 1984. (Pubitemid 14020965)
9. K. Takamori, S. Ikeda, K. Naito, and H. Ogawa. Proteases are responsible for blister formation in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa and epidermolysis bullosa simples, Br. J. Dermatol. 772:533-538, 1985. (Pubitemid 15060991)
10. A.I. Oikarinen, J.J. Zone, A.R. Ahmed, U. Kiistala, and J. Uitto, Demonstration of collagenase and elastase activities in the blister fluids from bullous skin disease. Comparison between dermatitis herpetiformis and bullous pemphigoid, J. Invest. Dermatol. 87:261-266, 1983. (Pubitemid 13045266)
11. P.J. Koch, M.G. Mahoney, H. Ishikawa, L. Pulkkinen, J. Uitto, L. Shultz, G.F. Murphy, D. Whi-taker-Menezes, and J.R. Stanley, Targeted disruption of the pemphigus vulgaris antigen (des-moglein 3) gene in mice causes loss of keratinocyte cell adhesion with a phenotype similar to pemphigus vulgaris, J. Cell Biol. 737:1091-1102, 1997. (Pubitemid 27251044)
12. F.M. Cowan, J.J. Yourick, C.G. Hurst, C.A. Broomfield, and W.J. Smith, Sulfur mustard-increased proteolysis following in vitro and in vivo exposures, Cell Biol. Toxicol. 9:269-277, 1993.
13. W.J. Smith, F.M. Cowan, and C.A. Broomfield, Increased proteolytic activity in human epithelial cells following exposure to sulfur mustard, FASEB J. 5:A828, 1991.
14. J.F. Woessner, A.M. Dannenberg, P.J. Pula, M.G. Selzer, C.L. Ruppert, K. Higuchi, A. Kajiki, M. Nakamura, N.M. Dahms, J.S. Kerr, and G.W. Hart, Extracellular collagenase, proteoglycanase and products of their activity, released in organ culture by intact dermal inflammatory lesions produced by sulfur mustard, J. Invest. Dermatol. 95:1X1-126, 1990.
15. J. Higuchi, A. Kajiki, M. Nakamura, S. Harada, P.J. Pula, A.L. Scott, and A.M. Dannenberg, Proteases released in organ culture by acute dermal inflammatory lesions produced in vivo in rabbit skin by sulfur mustard: Hydrolysis of synthetic peptide substrates for trypsin-like and chy-motrypsin-like enzymes, Inflammation 72:311-334, 1988.
16. CD. Lindsay, and P. Rice, Assessment of the biochemical effects of percutaneous exposure of sulphur mustard in an in vitro human skin system, Human Exp. Toxicol. 15:231-244, 1996.
17. T. Rikamaru, M. Nakamura, T. Yano, G. Beck, G.S. Habicht, L.L. Rennie, M. Widra, C.A. Hirsh-man, M.G. Boulay, E.W. Spannhake, G.S. Lazarus, P.J. Pula, and A.M. Dannenberg, Jr., Mediators initiating the inflammatory response, released in organ culture by full-thickness human skin explants exposed to the irritant, sulfur mustard, J. Invest. Dermatol. 96:888-897, 1991.
18. CM. Kam, J. Selzler, S.M. Schulz, R. Bongiovanni, and J.C Powers, Enhanced serine protease activities in the sulfur mustard-exposed homogenates of hairless guinea pig skin, J. Am. Coll. Toxicol. 76:625-638, 1997. (Pubitemid 27514591)
19. F.M. Cowan, R. Bongiovanni, C.A. Broomfield, J.J. Yourick, and W.J. Smith, Sulfur mustard increases elastase-like activity in homogenates of hairless guinea pig skin, J. Toxicol. Cut. Ocular Toxicol. 75:221-229, 1994. (Pubitemid 24278163)
20. R.S. Chuahan, L.V. Murthy, U. Arora, and P.R. Malhotra, Structural changes induced by sulphur mustard in rabbit skin, J. Appl. Toxicol. 76:491-495, 1996. (Pubitemid 26402942)
21. J.P. Petrali, and S. Oglesby-Megee, Toxicity of mustard gas skin lesions, Microsc. Res. Tech. 37:221-228, 1997. (Pubitemid 27197742)
22. Z. Zhang, B.P. Peters, and N.A. Monteiro-Riviere, Assessment of sulfur mustard interaction with basement membrane components, Cell Biol. Toxicol. 77:89-101, 1995.
23. N.A. Monteiro-Riviere, and A.O. Inman, Indirect immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy distribution of eight epidermal-dermal junction epitopes in the pig and in isolated perfused skin treated with bis (2-choroethyl) sulfide, Toxicol. Pathol. 23:313-325, 1995.
24. K.J. Smith, R. Casillas, J. Graham, H.G. Skelton, F. Stemler, and B.E. Hackley, Histopathologic features seen with different animal models following cutaneous sulfur mustard exposure, J. Dermatol. Sci. 74:126-135, 1997. (Pubitemid 27107148)
25. J.A. Blank, L.A. Lane, R.G. Menton, and R.P. Casillas, Procedure for assessing myeloperoxidase and inflammatory mediator response in hairless mouse skin, Toxicol. Sci. 42:394, 1998.
26. R.P. Casillas, C.T. Santai, A.M. Graziosi, and T.D. Doyel, In vivo stimulation of inflammatory cytokines in sulfur mustard exposed hairless mouse skin, Fund. Appl. Toxicol. 56:190, 1997.
27. M.C Babin, M. Gazaway, L.W. Mitcheltree, K. Ricketts, and R.P. Casillas, Topical administration of candidate antivesicants to protect against sulfur mustard vapor in the hairless mouse vesicant model (HMVM), in Proceedings of the Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Baltimore, Maryland, 1998.
28. R.R. Cook, B.J. McRae, and J.C. Powers, Kinetic of hydrolysis of peptide thioester derivatives of arginine by human and bovine thrombins, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 254:82-88, 1984. (Pubitemid 15203697)
29. J.W. Harper, R.R. Cook, C.J. Roberts, B.J. McLaughlin, and J.C Powers, Active site mapping of the serine proteases human leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, pancreatic elastase, rat mast cell proteases I and II, bovine chymotrypsin Aa, and Staphylococcus aureus protease V-8 using tripep-tide thiobenzyl ester substrates, Biochemistry 25:2995-3002, 1984. (Pubitemid 14099199)
30. J.W. Harper, K. Hemmi, and J.C. Powers, Reaction of serine proteases with substituted isocoumar-ins: discovery of 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin, a new general mechanism based serine protease inhibitor, Biochemistry 24:1831-1841, 1985. (Pubitemid 15019774)
31. J.C. Powers, B.F. Gupton, A.D. Harley, N. Nishino, and R.J. Whitley, Specificity for porcine pancreatic elastase, human leukocyte elastase, and cathepsin G, Inhibition with peptide chlo-romethyl ketones, Biochem. Biophys. Acta 485:158-166, 1977.
32. J. Oleksyszyn, and J.C. Powers, Irreversible inhibition of serine proteases by peptide derivatives of (a-aminoalkyl) phosphonate diphenyl esters, Biochemistry 30:485-493, 1991.
33. Z. Li, A. Ortega-Vilain, G.S. Patil, D.L. Chu, J.E. Foreman, D.D. Eveleth, and J.C. Powers, Novel peptidyl tx-keto amide inhibitors of calpains and other cysteine proteases, J. Med. Chem. 39: 4089-4098, 1996. (Pubitemid 26327445)
34. M.M. Mershon, J.V. Wade, L.W. Mitcheltree, J.P. Petrali, and E.H. Braue, Jr., Hairless guinea pig bioassay for vesicant vapor exposures, Fund. Appl. Toxicol. 75:622-630, 1990. (Pubitemid 20362407)
35. O. Wiedow, F. Wiese, and E. Christophers, Lesional elastase activity in psoriasis, contact dermatitis, Diagnostic and prognostic significance, Arch. Dermatol. Res. 287:632-635, 1995.
36. V. Streit, O. Wiedow, J. Bartels, and E. Christophers, Antiprotease activity in urine of patients with inflammatory skin disorders, J. Invest. Dermatol. 105:562-566, 1995.
37. F.M. Cowan, and C.A. Broomfield, Putative roles of inflammation in the dermatopathology of sulfur mustard, Cell Biol. Toxicol. 9:201-214, 1993. (Pubitemid 23304321)
38. R.P. Casillas, R.C. Riser, J.A. Truxall, J.A. Blank, A.W. Singer, R.M. Ricketts, L.W. Mitcheltree, and F.W. Stemler, Therapeutic approaches to dermatotoxicity by sulfur mustard. I. Modulation of sulfur mustard-induced cutaneous injury in the mouse ear vesicant model (MEVM), J. Appl. Toxicol, in press.