Risk factors and stroke prevention

Cerebrovascular Diseases

Volumn 10, Issue SUPPL. 3, 2000, Pages 12-21

  Bogousslavsky, Julien ^a   Kaste, Markku ^b   Olsen, Tom Skyhoj ^b   Hacke, Werner ^b   Orgogozo, Jean Marc ^b  

^a LAUSANNE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Switzerland)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; CLOPIDOGREL; DIPYRIDAMOLE; ESTROGEN; FIBRINOGEN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; PROGESTERONE; TICLOPIDINE;

ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ANGIOPLASTY; ANTICOAGULATION; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY; CAROTID ARTERY SURGERY; CAROTID ENDARTERECTOMY; CIGARETTE SMOKING; DIABETES MELLITUS; HORMONE SUBSTITUTION; HYPERTENSION; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIMARY PREVENTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SECONDARY PREVENTION; STROKE;

EID: 0033843702     PISSN: 10159770     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000047577     Document Type: Review

References (63)

1. Abbott R, Yin Y, Reed D, Yano K (1986): Risk of stroke in male cigarette smokers. N Engl J Med 315:717-720.
2. Antiplatelet Trialists' Collaboration (1994): Collaborative overview of randomised trials of anti-platelet therapy. I. Prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients. BMJ 308:81-106.
3. Asplund K, Marké L-Å, Terént A, Gustafsson C, Wester P (1993): Costs and gains in stroke prevention: European perspective. Cerebrovasc Dis 3(suppl 1):34-42.
4. Barnett H, Eliasziw M, Meldrum H (1995): Drugs and surgery in the prevention of ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 332:238-248.
5. Barnett H, Taylor W, Eliasziw M, Fox A, Ferguson G, Haynes R, et al. (1998): Benefit of endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic moderate or severe stenosis. N Engl J Med 339:1415-1425.
6. Benavente O, Moher D, Pham B (1998): Carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid stenosis: A meta-analysis. BMJ 317:1477-1480.
7. Biller J, Feinberg W, Castaldo J, Whittemore A, Harbaugh R, Dempsey R, Caplan L, et al. (1998): Guidelines for carotid endarterectomy. A statement for healthcare professionals from a special writing group of the Stroke Council, American Heart Association. Stroke 97:501-509.
8. Blaw G, Lagay A, Smelt A, Westerndorp R (1997): Stroke, statins and cholesterol: A meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Stroke 28:946-950.
9. Bonita R (1992): Epidemiology of stroke. Lancet 339:342-344.
10. Bousser M, Eschwege E, Haguenau M, Lefaucconnier J, Thibult N, Touboul D, Touboul P (1983): 'AICLA' controlled trial of aspirin and dipyridamole in the secondary prevention of athero-thrombotic cerebral ischemia. Stroke 14:5-14.
11. Bronner L, Kanter D, Manson J (1995): Primary prevention of stroke. N Engl J Med 333:1392-1400.
12. Cannegieter S, Rosendaal F, Witzen A, van der Meer F, Vandenbroucke J, Briët E (1995): Optimal oral anticoagulation therapy in patients with mechanical heart valves. N Engl J Med 333:11-17.
13. CAPRIE Steering Committee (1996): A randomised, blinded trial of dopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). Lancet 348:1329-1339.
14. Chimowitz M, Kokkinos J, Strong J, Brown M, Levine S, Silliman S (1995): The warfarin-aspirin symptomatic intracranial disease study group. Neurology 45:1488-1493.
15. Colditz G, Bonita R, Stampfer M, Willett W, Rosner B, Speizer F, et al. (1988): Cigarette smoking and risk of stroke in middle-aged woman. N Engl J Med 318:937-941.
16. Collins R, Peto P, MacMahon S, Herbert P, Fiebach N, Eberlein K (1990): Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. 2. Short-term reductions in blood pressure: Overview of randomised drug trials in their epidemiological context. Lancet 335:827-838.
17. Diener H, Cunha L, Forbes C, Silvenius J, Smets P, Lowenthal A (1996): European stroke prevention study 2, dipyridamole and acetylsalicylic acid in the secondary prevention of stroke. J Neurol Sci 143:1-13.
18. Donahue R, Abbot R, Reed D, Yano K (1986): Alcohol and hemorrhagic stroke. The Honolulu Heart Program. JAMA 255:2311-2314.
19. Dressler F, Craig W, Castello R, Labovitz A (1998): Mobile aortic atheroma and systemic emboli: Efficacy of anticoagulation and influence of plaque morphology on recurrent stroke. J Am Coll Cardiol 31:134-138.
20. Echiverri H, Rubino F, Gupta S, Gujrati M (1989): Fusiform aneurysm of the vertebrobasilar arterial system. Stroke 20:1741-1747.
21. European Carotid Surgery Trialists' Collaborative Group (1991): MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial: Interim results for symptomatic patients with severe (70-99%) or with mild (0-29%) carotid stenosis. Lancet 337:1235-1243.
22. Executive Committee for the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study (ACAS) (1995): Endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. JAMA 273:1421-1428.
23. Forbes J (1993): Cost of stroke. Scott Med J 38(suppl):1-4.
24. Furberg C (1999): Natural statins and stroke risk (editorial). Circulation 99:185-188.
25. Gent M, Blakely J, Easton D, Ellis D, Hachinski W, Harbisson J, et al. (1989): The Canadian American Ticlopidine Study (CATS) in thromboembolic stroke. Lancet i:1215-1220.
26. Gil-Peralta A, Mayol A, Marcos J, Gonzales A, Ruano J, Boza F, et al. (1996): Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the symptomatic atherosclerotic carotid arteries, results, complications and follow-up. Stroke 27:2271-2273.
27. Gorelick P, Sacco R, Smith D, Alberts M, Mustone-Alexander L, Rader D, et al. (1999): Prevention of first stroke. A review of guidelines and a multidisciplinary consensus statement from the National Stroke Association. JAMA 281: 1112-1120.
28. Grodstein F, Stampfer M, Manson J, Colditz G, Willet W, Rosner B, Speizer F, et al. (1996): Postmenopausal estrogen and progestin replacement use and the risk of cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 335:453-461.
29. Hansson L, Zanchetti A, Carruthers S, Dahlof B, Elmfeldt D, Julius S, Menard J, et al. (1998): Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: Principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomised trial. Lancet 351:1755-1762.
30. Hart R, Sherman D, Easton D, Cairns J (1998): Prevention of stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: Views and reviews. Neurology 51:674-681.
31. Hass W, Easton D, Adams H, Pryse-Philips W, Molony B, Anderson S, Kamm B, et al. (1989): A randomized trial comparing ticlopidine hydrochloride with aspirin for the prevention of stroke in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 321: 501-509.
32. Isard P, Forbes J (1992): The cost of stroke to the National Health Service in Scottland. Cerebrovasc Dis 2:47-50.
33. Iso H, Jacobs D, Wentworth D, Neaton J, Cohen J (1989): Serum cholesterol levels and 6-year mortality from stroke in 350,977 men screened for the Multiple Risk-Factor Intervention Trial. N Engl J Med 320:904-910.
34. Kaste M, Fogelholm R, Rissanen A (1998): Economic burden of stroke and the evaluation of new therapies. Public Health 112:103-112.
35. Laupacis A, Albers G, Dalen J, Dunn M, Jacobson A, Singer D (1998): Antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation. Chest 114:579-589.
36. Lee I, Hennekens C, Berger K, Buring J, Manson J (1999): Exercise and risk of stroke in male physicians. Stroke 30:1-6.
37. Lip G, Lowe G (1996): Antihrombotic treatment for atrial fibrillation. BMJ 312:45-49.
38. Manson J, Stampfer M, Colditz G, Willett W, Rosner B, Speizer F, et al. (1991): A prospective study of aspirin use and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women. JAMA 266:521-527.
39. North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators (NASCET) (1991): Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med 325:445-453.
40. Pedersen T, Kjekshus J, Pyörälä K, Olsson A, Cook T, Musliner T, et al. (1998): Effect of simvastatin on ischemic signs and symptoms in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Am J Cardiol 81:333-335.
41. Peto R, Gray R, Collins R, Wheatley K, Hennekens C, Jamrozik K, et al. (1988): Randomised trial of prophylactic daily aspirin in British male doctors. BMJ 296:313-316.
42. Plehn J, Davis B, Sacks F, Rouleau J, Pfeffer M, Bernstein V, et al. (1999): Reduction of stroke incidence after myocardial infarction with pravastatin: The cholesterol and recurrent events (CARE) study. Circulation 99:216-233.
43. Prospective Studies Collaboration (1995): Cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure and stroke. 13,000 strokes in 450,000 people in 45 prospective cohorts. Lancet 346:1647-1653.
44. Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology (1998): Practice parameter. Stroke prevention in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Neurology 51:671-673.
45. Ringleb P, Bertram M (1998): Hypertension in patients with cerebrovascular accident. To treat or not to treat? Nephrol Dial Transplant 13:2179-2181.
46. Rothwell P, Gibson R, Slattery J, Warlow C (1994): Prognostic value and reproducibility of measurements of carotid stenosis. A comparison of three methods on 1,001 angiograms. Stroke 25: 2440-2444.
47. Sacco R, Elkind M, Boden-Albala B, Lin I, Kargmann D, hauser W, et al. (1999): The protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption on ischemic stroke. JAMA 281:53-60.
48. Sacks F, Pfeffer M, Moye L, Rouleau J, Rutherford J, Cole T, et al. (1996): The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med 335:1001-1009.
49. Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group (1994): Randomized trial of cholesterol lowering in 4,444 patients with coronary heart disease: The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 344:1383-1389.
50. SHEP Cooperative Research Group (1991): Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension: final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). JAMA 365:3255-3264.
51. Shepherd J, Cobbe S, Ford I, Isles C, Lorimer A, Macfarlane P, et al. (1995): Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med 333: 1301-1307.
52. Steering Committee of the Physicians' Health Study Research Group (1989): Final report of the ongoing physicians health study. N Engl J Med 321:129-135.
53. The American-Canadian Co-Operative Study Group (1985): Persantine aspirin trial in cerebral ischemia. II. Endpoint results. Stroke 16: 406-415.
54. The Dutch TIA Trial Study Group (1991): A comparison of two doses of aspirin (30 mg vs. 283 mg a day) in patients after a transient ischemic attack or a minor ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 325:1261-1266.
55. The EC/IC Bypass Study Group (1985): Failure of extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass to reduce the risk of ischemic stroke, results of an international randomized trial. N Engl J Med 313:1191-1200.
56. The ESPS Group (1987): The European Stroke Prevention Study (ESPS). Principal endpoints. Lancet ii:1351-1354.
57. The European Atrial Fibrillation Study Group (1995): Optimal oral anticoagulation therapy with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation and recent cerebral ischemia. N Engl J Med 333:5-10.
58. The SALT Collaborative Group (1991): Swedish aspirin low-dose trial (SALT) of 75 mg aspirin as secondary prophylaxis after cerebrovascular ischaemic events. Lancet 228:1345-1349.
59. The SPIRIT Study Group (1997): A randomized trial of anticoagulants versus aspirin after cerebral ischemia of presumed arterial origin. Ann Neurol 42:587-865.
60. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group (1998): Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet 352:837-853.
61. UK-TIA Study Group (1991): The United Kingdom transient ischaemic attack(UK-TIA) aspirin trial: Final results. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 54:1044-1054.
62. Yadav J, Roubin G, King P, Iyer S, Vitek J (1996): Angioplasty and stenting for restenosis after carotid endarterectomy, initial experience. Stroke 27:2075-2079.
63. Yusuf S, Sleight P, Pogue J, Bosch J, Davies R, Dagenais G (2000): Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. New Engl J Med 342:145-153.