메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 455-475

The southern ocean at the Last Glacial Maximum: A strong sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC SINK; CARBON DIOXIDE; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY; PHYTOPLANKTON;

EID: 0033756244     PISSN: 08866236     EISSN: 19449224     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1999GB900051     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (110)

References (157)
  • 2
    • 0029730693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oceanic primary production 2. Estimation at global scale from satellite (coastal zone color scanner) chlorophyll
    • Antoine, D., A. Jean-Michel, A. Morel, Oceanic primary production 2. Estimation at global scale from satellite (coastal zone color scanner) chlorophyll, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 10, 57-69, 1996.
    • (1996) Global Biogeochem. Cycles , vol.10 , pp. 57-69
    • Antoine, D.1    Jean-Michel, A.2    Morel, A.3
  • 4
    • 0007360115 scopus 로고
    • Future Ocean-atmosphere research in the Antarctic region
    • G. Hempel, Springer-Verlag, New York
    • Augstein, E., Future Ocean-atmosphere research in the Antarctic region, Antarctic Science-Global Concerns, G. Hempel, 278-282, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1994.
    • (1994) Antarctic Science - Global Concerns , pp. 278-282
    • Augstein, E.1
  • 5
    • 0030888279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes of carbon dioxide in surface waters during spring in the Southern Ocean
    • Bakker, D. C. E., H. J. W. De Baar, U. V. Bathmann, Changes of carbon dioxide in surface waters during spring in the Southern Ocean, Deep Sea Res. Part II, 44, 91-127, 1997.
    • (1997) Deep Sea Res. Part II , vol.44 , pp. 91-127
    • Bakker, D.C.E.1    De Baar, H.J.W.2    Bathmann, U.V.3
  • 6
    • 0001262802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low seasonality of low concentrations of surface chlorophyll in the Subantarctic water ring: Underwater irradiance, iron, or grazing?
    • Banse, K., Low seasonality of low concentrations of surface chlorophyll in the Subantarctic water ring: Underwater irradiance, iron, or grazing?, Prog. Oceanogr., 37, 241-291, 1996.
    • (1996) Prog. Oceanogr. , vol.37 , pp. 241-291
    • Banse, K.1
  • 7
    • 0025205574 scopus 로고
    • 14C timescale over the past 30,000 years using mass spectrometric U-Th ages from Barbados corals
    • 14C timescale over the past 30,000 years using mass spectrometric U-Th ages from Barbados corals, Nature, 345, 405-410, 1990.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.345 , pp. 405-410
    • Bard, E.1    Hamelin, B.2    Fairbanks, R.G.3    Zindler, A.4
  • 10
    • 0027086523 scopus 로고
    • Variations in the methansulfonate to sulfate molar ratio in submicrometer marine aerosal particles over the South Pacific Ocean
    • Bates, T. S., J. A. Calhoun, P. K. Quinn, Variations in the methansulfonate to sulfate molar ratio in submicrometer marine aerosal particles over the South Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 9859-9865, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.97 , pp. 9859-9865
    • Bates, T.S.1    Calhoun, J.A.2    Quinn, P.K.3
  • 11
    • 0030864590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photosynthetic rates derived from satellite-based chlorophyll concentration
    • Behrenfeld, M. J., P. G. Falkowski, Photosynthetic rates derived from satellite-based chlorophyll concentration, Limnol. Oceanogr., 42, 1-20, 1997.
    • (1997) Limnol. Oceanogr. , vol.42 , pp. 1-20
    • Behrenfeld, M.J.1    Falkowski, P.G.2
  • 12
    • 0029772089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Southern Ocean fronts from the Greenwich meridian to Tasmania
    • Belkin, I. M., A. L. Gordon, Southern Ocean fronts from the Greenwich meridian to Tasmania, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 3675-3696, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 3675-3696
    • Belkin, I.M.1    Gordon, A.L.2
  • 13
    • 0033381867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 13C fractionation and export by equatorial Pacific phytoplankton: Toward a paleo-growth rate proxy
    • 13C fractionation and export by equatorial Pacific phytoplankton: Toward a paleo-growth rate proxy, Paleoceanogr., 1999.
    • (1999) Paleoceanogr.
    • Bidigare, R.R.1
  • 15
    • 0002263768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spotlight is on iron at international SOIREE in Southern Ocean
    • Boyd, P., A. Watson, C. Law, Spotlight is on iron at international SOIREE in Southern Ocean, U.S. JGOFS Newsletter, 9, 10-11, 1999.
    • (1999) U.S. JGOFS Newsletter , vol.9 , pp. 10-11
    • Boyd, P.1    Watson, A.2    Law, C.3
  • 17
    • 0021613930 scopus 로고
    • Diatom distribution and paleoceanographic reconstruction in the Southern Ocean: Present and last glacial maximum
    • Burckle, L. H., Diatom distribution and paleoceanographic reconstruction in the Southern Ocean: Present and last glacial maximum, Marine Micropaleontol., 9, 241-261, 1984.
    • (1984) Marine Micropaleontol. , vol.9 , pp. 241-261
    • Burckle, L.H.1
  • 18
    • 0020425773 scopus 로고
    • Reappraisal of sea-ice distribution in Atlantic and Pacific sectors of the Southern Ocean at 18,000 yr BP
    • Burckle, L. H., D. Robinson, D. Cooke, Reappraisal of sea-ice distribution in Atlantic and Pacific sectors of the Southern Ocean at 18,000 yr BP, Nature, 299, 435-437, 1982.
    • (1982) Nature , vol.299 , pp. 435-437
    • Burckle, L.H.1    Robinson, D.2    Cooke, D.3
  • 19
    • 0023120934 scopus 로고
    • Origin of diatom ooze belt in the Southern Ocean: Implications for late Quaternary paleoceanography
    • Burckle, L. H., J. Cirilli, Origin of diatom ooze belt in the Southern Ocean: Implications for late Quaternary paleoceanography, Micropaleontol., 33, 82-86, 1987.
    • (1987) Micropaleontol. , vol.33 , pp. 82-86
    • Burckle, L.H.1    Cirilli, J.2
  • 20
    • 0019759145 scopus 로고
    • Large-scale variations in observed Antarctic sea ice extent and associated atmospheric circulation
    • Cavalieri, D. J., C. L. Parkinson, Large-scale variations in observed Antarctic sea ice extent and associated atmospheric circulation, Mon. Weather Rev., 109, 2323-2336, 1981.
    • (1981) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.109 , pp. 2323-2336
    • Cavalieri, D.J.1    Parkinson, C.L.2
  • 21
    • 0026296524 scopus 로고
    • Biogenic opal in Southern Ocean sediments over the last 450,000 years: Implications for surface water chemistry and circulation
    • Charles, C. D., P. N. Froelich, M. A. Zibello, R. A. Mortlock, J. J. Morely, Biogenic opal in Southern Ocean sediments over the last 450,000 years: Implications for surface water chemistry and circulation, Paleoceanography, 6, 697-728, 1991.
    • (1991) Paleoceanography , vol.6 , pp. 697-728
    • Charles, C.D.1    Froelich, P.N.2    Zibello, M.A.3    Mortlock, R.A.4    Morely, J.J.5
  • 22
    • 0023525334 scopus 로고
    • Oceanic phytoplankton, atmospheric sulfur, cloud albedo, and climate
    • Charlson, R. J., J. E. Lovelock, M. O. Andreae, S. E. Warren, Oceanic phytoplankton, atmospheric sulfur, cloud albedo, and climate, Nature, 326, 655-661, 1987.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.326 , pp. 655-661
    • Charlson, R.J.1    Lovelock, J.E.2    Andreae, M.O.3    Warren, S.E.4
  • 23
    • 0039800926 scopus 로고
    • The surface of the ice age Earth: Quantitative geologic evidence is used to reconstruct boundary conditions for the climate 18,000 years ago
    • CLIMAP (Climate: Long-Range Investigation, Mapping, and Prediction) Project Members
    • CLIMAP (Climate: Long-Range Investigation, Mapping, and Prediction) Project Members, The surface of the ice age Earth: Quantitative geologic evidence is used to reconstruct boundary conditions for the climate 18,000 years ago, Science, 191, 1131-1137, 1976.
    • (1976) Science , vol.191 , pp. 1131-1137
  • 24
    • 0003769447 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal reconstructions of the Earth's surface at the Last glacial maximum
    • CLIMAP Project Members, Geol. Soc. Am. Boulder, Colo 110036
    • CLIMAP Project Members, Seasonal reconstructions of the Earth's surface at the Last glacial maximum, Geol., Soc. Am. Chart Ser., MC-36, Geol. Soc. Am., Boulder, Colo., 1981.
    • (1981) Geol., Soc. Am. Chart Ser.
  • 25
    • 0030452653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A massive phytoplankton bloom induced by an ecosystem-scale iron fertilization experiment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean
    • Coale, K. H., et al., A massive phytoplankton bloom induced by an ecosystem-scale iron fertilization experiment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, Nature, 383, 495-501, 1996.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.383 , pp. 495-501
    • Coale, K.H.1
  • 26
    • 0030477090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cosmonaut polynya in the Southern Ocean: Structure and variability
    • Comiso, J. C., A. L. Gordon, Cosmonaut polynya in the Southern Ocean: Structure and variability, J. Geophys Res., 101, 18297-18313, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Geophys Res. , vol.101 , pp. 18297-18313
    • Comiso, J.C.1    Gordon, A.L.2
  • 27
    • 0001614154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interannual variability in summer sea ice minimum, coastal polynyas and bottom water formation in the Weddell Sea
    • S. Jacobs, R. Weiss, AGU, Washington D.C.
    • Comiso, J. C., A. L. Gordon, Interannual variability in summer sea ice minimum, coastal polynyas and bottom water formation in the Weddell Sea, Ocean, Ice, and Atmospere: Interactions at the Antarctic Continental Margin, S. Jacobs, R. Weiss, 293-315, AGU, Washington D.C., 1998.
    • (1998) Ocean, Ice, and Atmospere: Interactions at the Antarctic Continental Margin , pp. 293-315
    • Comiso, J.C.1    Gordon, A.L.2
  • 28
    • 0027510781 scopus 로고
    • Coastal zone color scanner pigment concentrations in the Southern Ocean and relationships to geophysical surface features
    • Comiso, J. C., C. R. McClain, C. W. Sullivan, J. P. Ryan, C. L. Leonard, Coastal zone color scanner pigment concentrations in the Southern Ocean and relationships to geophysical surface features, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 2419-2451, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98 , pp. 2419-2451
    • Comiso, J.C.1    McClain, C.R.2    Sullivan, C.W.3    Ryan, J.P.4    Leonard, C.L.5
  • 29
    • 0020079258 scopus 로고
    • Estimates of Antarctic Ocean seasonal sea-ice cover during glacial intervals
    • C. Craddock, Univ. of Wisc. Press, Madison
    • Cooke, D. W., J. D. Hays, Estimates of Antarctic Ocean seasonal sea-ice cover during glacial intervals, Antarctic Geoscience, C. Craddock, 1017-1025, Univ. of Wisc. Press, Madison, 1982.
    • (1982) Antarctic Geoscience , pp. 1017-1025
    • Cooke, D.W.1    Hays, J.D.2
  • 30
    • 0029486208 scopus 로고
    • Dimethlysulfide, algal pigments and light in an Antarctic Phaeocystis sp. Bloom
    • Crocker, K., M. E. Ondrusek, R. L. Petty, R. C. Smith, Dimethlysulfide, algal pigments and light in an Antarctic Phaeocystis sp. bloom, Mar. Biol., 124, 335-340, 1995.
    • (1995) Mar. Biol. , vol.124 , pp. 335-340
    • Crocker, K.1    Ondrusek, M.E.2    Petty, R.L.3    Smith, R.C.4
  • 31
    • 0031753136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of modern analog technique to marine Antarctic diatoms: Reconstruction of maximum sea-ice extent at the Last glacial maximum
    • a
    • Crosta, X., J. J. Pichon, L. H. Burckle, Application of modern analog technique to marine Antarctic diatoms: Reconstruction of maximum sea-ice extent at the Last glacial maximum, Paleoceanography, 13, 284-297, 1998 a.
    • (1998) Paleoceanography , vol.13 , pp. 284-297
    • Crosta, X.1    Pichon, J.J.2    Burckle, L.H.3
  • 32
    • 0032129130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reappraisal of Antarctic seasonal sea-ice at the last glacial maximum
    • b
    • Crosta, X., J. J. Pichon, L. H. Burckle, Reappraisal of Antarctic seasonal sea-ice at the last glacial maximum, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 2703-2706, 1998 b.
    • (1998) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.25 , pp. 2703-2706
    • Crosta, X.1    Pichon, J.J.2    Burckle, L.H.3
  • 34
    • 0024197371 scopus 로고
    • Late Pleistocene variations in Antarctic sea ice II: Effect of interhemispheric deep-ocean heat exchange
    • Crowley, T. J., C. L. Parkinson, Late Pleistocene variations in Antarctic sea ice II: effect of interhemispheric deep-ocean heat exchange, Clim. Dyn., 3, 93-103, 1988.
    • (1988) Clim. Dyn. , vol.3 , pp. 93-103
    • Crowley, T.J.1    Parkinson, C.L.2
  • 35
    • 0031433860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary aerosol (sea salt and soil dust) deposited in Greenland ice during the last climatic cycle: Comparison with east Antarctic records
    • De Angelis, M., J. P. Steffensen, M. Legrand, H. Clausen, C. Hammer, Primary aerosol (sea salt and soil dust) deposited in Greenland ice during the last climatic cycle: Comparison with east Antarctic records, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 26681-26698, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 26681-26698
    • De Angelis, M.1    Steffensen, J.P.2    Legrand, M.3    Clausen, H.4    Hammer, C.5
  • 37
    • 0001193885 scopus 로고
    • The hydrology of the Southern Ocean
    • Deacon, G. E. R., The hydrology of the Southern Ocean, Discovery Reports, 15, 1-124, 1937.
    • (1937) Discovery Reports , vol.15 , pp. 1-124
    • Deacon, G.E.R.1
  • 38
    • 0019370145 scopus 로고
    • Surface lithofacies, biofacies, and diatom diversity patterns as models for delineation of climatic change in the southeast Atlantic Ocean
    • Defelice, D. R., S. W. Wise Jr., Surface lithofacies, biofacies, and diatom diversity patterns as models for delineation of climatic change in the southeast Atlantic Ocean, Mar. Micropaleontol., 6, 29-70, 1981.
    • (1981) Mar. Micropaleontol. , vol.6 , pp. 29-70
    • Defelice, D.R.1    Wise, S.W.2
  • 39
    • 0343396084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preservation efficiencies and accumulation rates for biogenic silica and organic C, N, and P in high-latitude sediments: The Ross Sea
    • DeMaster, D. J., O. Ragueneau, C. A. Nittrouer, Preservation efficiencies and accumulation rates for biogenic silica and organic C, N, and P in high-latitude sediments: The Ross Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 18501-18518, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 18501-18518
    • DeMaster, D.J.1    Ragueneau, O.2    Nittrouer, C.A.3
  • 40
    • 0002224323 scopus 로고
    • Radiolarian distribution and the late Pleistocene history of the southeastern Indian Ocean
    • Dow, R. L., Radiolarian distribution and the late Pleistocene history of the southeastern Indian Ocean, Mar. Micropaleontol., 3, 203-227, 1978.
    • (1978) Mar. Micropaleontol. , vol.3 , pp. 203-227
    • Dow, R.L.1
  • 41
    • 0026360265 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric transport of iron and its deposition in the ocean
    • Duce, R. A., N. W. Tindale, Atmospheric transport of iron and its deposition in the ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 36, 1715-1726, 1991.
    • (1991) Limnol. Oceanogr. , vol.36 , pp. 1715-1726
    • Duce, R.A.1    Tindale, N.W.2
  • 42
    • 81755164125 scopus 로고
    • Uptake of new and regenerated forms of nitrogen in primary productivity
    • Dugdale, R. C., J. J. Goering, Uptake of new and regenerated forms of nitrogen in primary productivity, Limnol. Oceanogr., 12, 196-206, 1967.
    • (1967) Limnol. Oceanogr. , vol.12 , pp. 196-206
    • Dugdale, R.C.1    Goering, J.J.2
  • 43
    • 0018730120 scopus 로고
    • Particulate organic matter flux and planktonic new production in the deep ocean
    • Eppley, R. W., B. J. Peterson, Particulate organic matter flux and planktonic new production in the deep ocean, Nature, 282, 677-680, 1979.
    • (1979) Nature , vol.282 , pp. 677-680
    • Eppley, R.W.1    Peterson, B.J.2
  • 44
    • 0001010458 scopus 로고
    • Light-temperature interactions on the growth of Antarctic diatoms
    • Fiala, M., L. Oriol, Light-temperature interactions on the growth of Antarctic diatoms, Polar Biol., 10, 629-636, 1990.
    • (1990) Polar Biol. , vol.10 , pp. 629-636
    • Fiala, M.1    Oriol, L.2
  • 45
    • 0024225985 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variability of particle flux in the Weddell Sea and its relation to ice cover
    • Fischer, G., D. Fütterer, R. Gersonde, S. Honjo, D. Ostermann, G. Wefer, Seasonal variability of particle flux in the Weddell Sea and its relation to ice cover, Nature, 335, 426-428, 1988.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.335 , pp. 426-428
    • Fischer, G.1    Fütterer, D.2    Gersonde, R.3    Honjo, S.4    Ostermann, D.5    Wefer, G.6
  • 48
    • 0025304905 scopus 로고
    • Dimethylsulfide and the alga Phaeocystis pouchetii in Antarctic coastal waters
    • Gibson, J. A. E., R. C. Garrick, H. R. Burton, A. R. McTaggart, Dimethylsulfide and the alga Phaeocystis pouchetii in Antarctic coastal waters, Mar. Biol., 104, 339-346, 1990.
    • (1990) Mar. Biol. , vol.104 , pp. 339-346
    • Gibson, J.A.E.1    Garrick, R.C.2    Burton, H.R.3    McTaggart, A.R.4
  • 50
    • 0019677750 scopus 로고
    • Seasonality of Southern Ocean sea ice
    • Gordon, A. L., Seasonality of Southern Ocean sea ice, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 4193-4197, 1981.
    • (1981) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.86 , pp. 4193-4197
    • Gordon, A.L.1
  • 51
    • 0030845659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iron distributions in the equatorial Pacific: Implications for new production
    • Gordon, R. M., K. H. Coale, K. S. Johnson, Iron distributions in the equatorial Pacific: Implications for new production, Limnol. Oceanogr., 42, 419-431, 1997.
    • (1997) Limnol. Oceanogr. , vol.42 , pp. 419-431
    • Gordon, R.M.1    Coale, K.H.2    Johnson, K.S.3
  • 52
    • 0000771027 scopus 로고
    • Southern Ocean winter mixed layer
    • Gordon, A. L., B. A. Huber, Southern Ocean winter mixed layer, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 11655-11672, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.95 , pp. 11655-11672
    • Gordon, A.L.1    Huber, B.A.2
  • 53
    • 0025998467 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of carbon dioxide partial pressure in surface waters of the southwest Indian Ocean
    • Goyet, C., C. Beauverger, C. Brunet, A. Poisson, Distribution of carbon dioxide partial pressure in surface waters of the southwest Indian Ocean, Tellus Ser. B, 43B, 1-11, 1991.
    • (1991) Tellus Ser. B , vol.43 B , pp. 1-11
    • Goyet, C.1    Beauverger, C.2    Brunet, C.3    Poisson, A.4
  • 54
    • 0002214612 scopus 로고
    • A review of the late Quaternary climatic history of Antarctic seas
    • E. M. V. Z. Bakker, A. A. Balkema, Brookfield Vt
    • Hays, J. D., A review of the late Quaternary climatic history of Antarctic seas, Antarctic Glacial History and World Paleoenvironments, E. M. V. Z. Bakker, A. A. Balkema, 57-71, Brookfield Vt., 1978.
    • (1978) Antarctic Glacial History and World Paleoenvironments , pp. 57-71
    • Hays, J.D.1
  • 56
    • 0026380160 scopus 로고
    • Effect of iron on productivity and size distribution of Antarctic phytoplankton
    • Hebling, E. W., V. Villañe, O. Holm-Hansen, Effect of iron on productivity and size distribution of Antarctic phytoplankton, Limnol. Oceanogr., 36, 1879-1885, 1991.
    • (1991) Limnol. Oceanogr. , vol.36 , pp. 1879-1885
    • Hebling, E.W.1    Villañe, V.2    Holm-Hansen, O.3
  • 57
    • 0028995578 scopus 로고
    • Winter-summer differences of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the Weddell Sea surface layer
    • Hoppema, M., E. Fahrbach, M. Schröder, A. Wisotzki, H. J. W. de Baar, Winter-summer differences of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the Weddell Sea surface layer, Mar. Chem., 51, 177-192, 1995.
    • (1995) Mar. Chem. , vol.51 , pp. 177-192
    • Hoppema, M.1    Fahrbach, E.2    Schröder, M.3    Wisotzki, A.4    De Baar, H.J.W.5
  • 58
    • 0026454381 scopus 로고
    • Late quaternary surface circulation of the Southern Indian Ocean and its relationship to orbital variations
    • Howard, W. R., W. L. Prell, Late quaternary surface circulation of the Southern Indian Ocean and its relationship to orbital variations, Paleoceanography, 7, 79-117, 1992.
    • (1992) Paleoceanography , vol.7 , pp. 79-117
    • Howard, W.R.1    Prell, W.L.2
  • 59
    • 0028325551 scopus 로고
    • 3 production and preservation in the Southern Ocean: Implications for oceanic and atmospheric carbon cycling
    • 3 production and preservation in the Southern Ocean: Implications for oceanic and atmospheric carbon cycling, Paleoceanography, 9, 453-482, 1994.
    • (1994) Paleoceanography , vol.9 , pp. 453-482
    • Howard, W.R.1    Prell, W.L.2
  • 60
    • 0032508109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iron-limited growth and Si:N uptake ratios in a coastal upwelling regime
    • Hutchins, D. A., K. W. Bruland, Iron-limited growth and Si:N uptake ratios in a coastal upwelling regime, Nature, 393, 561-564, 1998.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.393 , pp. 561-564
    • Hutchins, D.A.1    Bruland, K.W.2
  • 61
  • 63
    • 0024251458 scopus 로고
    • Distribution and variations of oceanic carbon dioxide in the western North Pacific, eastern Indian, and Southern Ocean south of Australia
    • Inoue, H. Y., Y. Sugimura, Distribution and variations of oceanic carbon dioxide in the western North Pacific, eastern Indian, and Southern Ocean south of Australia, Tellus Ser. B, 40B, 308-320, 1988.
    • (1988) Tellus Ser. B , vol.40 B , pp. 308-320
    • Inoue, H.Y.1    Sugimura, Y.2
  • 64
    • 0031670460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Close coupling between seasonal biological production and dynamics of dissolved inorganic carbon in the Indian Ocean sector and the western Pacific sector of the Antarctic Ocean
    • Ishii, M., H. Y. Inoue, H. Matsueda, E. Tanoue, Close coupling between seasonal biological production and dynamics of dissolved inorganic carbon in the Indian Ocean sector and the western Pacific sector of the Antarctic Ocean, Deep Sea Res. Part I., 45, 1187-1209, 1998.
    • (1998) Deep Sea Res. Part I. , vol.45 , pp. 1187-1209
    • Ishii, M.1    Inoue, H.Y.2    Matsueda, H.3    Tanoue, E.4
  • 65
    • 0021628605 scopus 로고
    • Nutrient depletion indicates high primary productivity in the Weddell Sea
    • Jennings Jr, J. C., L. I. Gordon, D. M. Nelson, Nutrient depletion indicates high primary productivity in the Weddell Sea, Nature, 308, 51-54, 1984.
    • (1984) Nature , vol.308 , pp. 51-54
    • Jennings, J.C.1    Gordon, L.I.2    Nelson, D.M.3
  • 67
    • 0027041894 scopus 로고
    • High-resolution diatom stratigraphy of Quaternary sediments from the Scotia Sea
    • Jordon, R. W., C. J. Pudsey, High-resolution diatom stratigraphy of Quaternary sediments from the Scotia Sea, Mar. Micropaleontol., 19, 201-237, 1992.
    • (1992) Mar. Micropaleontol. , vol.19 , pp. 201-237
    • Jordon, R.W.1    Pudsey, C.J.2
  • 68
    • 0023509497 scopus 로고
    • Vostok ice core: A continuous isotope temperature record over the last climatic cycle (160,000 years)
    • Jouzel, J., C. Lorius, J. R. Petit, C. Genthon, N. I. Barkov, V. M. Kotlyakov, V. M. Petrov, Vostok ice core: a continuous isotope temperature record over the last climatic cycle (160,000 years), Nature, 329, 403-407, 1987.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.329 , pp. 403-407
    • Jouzel, J.1    Lorius, C.2    Petit, J.R.3    Genthon, C.4    Barkov, N.I.5    Kotlyakov, V.M.6    Petrov, V.M.7
  • 69
    • 0024188788 scopus 로고
    • On the late Pleistocene oocean geochemistry and circulation
    • Keir, R. S., On the late Pleistocene oocean geochemistry and circulation, Paleoceanography, 3, 413-445, 1988.
    • (1988) Paleoceanography , vol.3 , pp. 413-445
    • Keir, R.S.1
  • 70
    • 0023584905 scopus 로고
    • Glacial-interglacial changes in global deepwater circulation
    • Kellogg, T. B., Glacial-interglacial changes in global deepwater circulation, Paleoceanography, 2, 259-271, 1987.
    • (1987) Paleoceanography , vol.2 , pp. 259-271
    • Kellogg, T.B.1
  • 71
    • 0026283391 scopus 로고
    • Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in ice-algae and its possible biological role
    • Kirst, G. O., C. Thiel, H. Wolff, J. Nothnagel, M. Wanzek, R. Ulmke, Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in ice-algae and its possible biological role, Mar. Chem., 35, 381-388, 1991.
    • (1991) Mar. Chem. , vol.35 , pp. 381-388
    • Kirst, G.O.1    Thiel, C.2    Wolff, H.3    Nothnagel, J.4    Wanzek, M.5    Ulmke, R.6
  • 72
    • 0027882676 scopus 로고
    • DA, Effect of wind changes during the last glacial maximum on the circulation in the Southern Ocean
    • Klinck, J. M., D. A. Smith, DA, Effect of wind changes during the last glacial maximum on the circulation in the Southern Ocean, Paleoceanography, 8, 427-433, 1993.
    • (1993) Paleoceanography , vol.8 , pp. 427-433
    • Klinck, J.M.1    Smith, D.A.2
  • 73
    • 0021639912 scopus 로고
    • 2: Influence of the marine biota at high latitude
    • 2: Influence of the marine biota at high latitude, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 4629-4637, 1984.
    • (1984) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.89 , pp. 4629-4637
    • Knox, F.1    McElroy, M.B.2
  • 74
    • 0027526728 scopus 로고
    • 230Th ratios in sediments as a proxy for past changes in Southern Ocean productivity
    • 230Th ratios in sediments as a proxy for past changes in Southern Ocean productivity, Nature, 362, 45-48, 1993.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.362 , pp. 45-48
    • Kumar, N.1    Gwiazda, R.2    Anderson, R.F.3    Froelich, P.N.4
  • 76
    • 0029730338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrographic changes of the Southern Ocean (southeast Indian sector) over the last 230 kyr
    • Labeyrie, L., et al., Hydrographic changes of the Southern Ocean (southeast Indian sector) over the last 230 kyr, Paleoceanography, 11, 57-76, 1996.
    • (1996) Paleoceanography , vol.11 , pp. 57-76
    • Labeyrie, L.1
  • 77
    • 0030820248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iron and grazing constraints on primary production in the central equatorial Pacific: An EqPac synthesis
    • Landry, M. R., et al., Iron and grazing constraints on primary production in the central equatorial Pacific: An EqPac synthesis, Limnol. Oceanogr., 42, 405-418, 1997.
    • (1997) Limnol. Oceanogr. , vol.42 , pp. 405-418
    • Landry, M.R.1
  • 78
    • 0027871272 scopus 로고
    • Phytoplankton production and biomass at frontal zones in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean
    • Laubscher, R. K., R. Perisinotto, C. D. McQuaid, Phytoplankton production and biomass at frontal zones in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, Polar Biol., 13, 471-481, 1993.
    • (1993) Polar Biol. , vol.13 , pp. 471-481
    • Laubscher, R.K.1    Perisinotto, R.2    McQuaid, C.D.3
  • 79
    • 0030698150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ice-core records of atmospheric sulphur
    • Legrand, M. R., Ice-core records of atmospheric sulphur, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lon. B, 352, 241-250, 1997.
    • (1997) Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lon. B , vol.352 , pp. 241-250
    • Legrand, M.R.1
  • 80
    • 0024196391 scopus 로고
    • Climate forcing implications from Vostok ice-core sulphate data
    • Legrand, M. R., R. J. Delmas, R. J. Charlson, Climate forcing implications from Vostok ice-core sulphate data, Nature, 334, 418-420, 1988.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.334 , pp. 418-420
    • Legrand, M.R.1    Delmas, R.J.2    Charlson, R.J.3
  • 81
    • 0025956247 scopus 로고
    • Ice-core record of oceanic emissions of dimethylsulphide during the last climate cycle
    • Legrand, M., C. Feniet-Saigne, E. S. Saltzman, C. Germain, N. I. Barkov, V. N. Petrov, Ice-core record of oceanic emissions of dimethylsulphide during the last climate cycle, Nature, 350, 144-146, 1991.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.350 , pp. 144-146
    • Legrand, M.1    Feniet-Saigne, C.2    Saltzman, E.S.3    Germain, C.4    Barkov, N.I.5    Petrov, V.N.6
  • 83
    • 0022169256 scopus 로고
    • Oceanic frontal systems and biological enhancement
    • W. R. Siegfried, P. R. Condy, R. M. Laws, Springer-Verlag, Berlin
    • Lutjeharms, J. R. E., N. M. Walters, B. R. Allanson, Oceanic frontal systems and biological enhancement, Antarctic Nutrient Cycles and Food Webs, W. R. Siegfried, P. R. Condy, R. M. Laws, 11-21, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1985.
    • (1985) Antarctic Nutrient Cycles and Food Webs , pp. 11-21
    • Lutjeharms, J.R.E.1    Walters, N.M.2    Allanson, B.R.3
  • 85
    • 0025232051 scopus 로고
    • 2 change: The Iron hypothesis
    • 2 change: The Iron hypothesis, Paleoceanography, 5, 1-13, 1990.
    • (1990) Paleoceanography , vol.5 , pp. 1-13
    • Martin, J.H.1
  • 86
    • 0001243186 scopus 로고
    • Iron as a limiting factor in oceanic productivity
    • P. G. Falkowski, A. D. Woodhead, Plenum Press, New York
    • Martin, J. H., Iron as a limiting factor in oceanic productivity, Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea, P. G. Falkowski, A. D. Woodhead, 123-137, Plenum Press, New York, 1992.
    • (1992) Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea , pp. 123-137
    • Martin, J.H.1
  • 88
    • 0025621690 scopus 로고
    • Iron deficiency limits phytoplankton growth in Antarctic waters
    • b
    • Martin, J. H., S. E. Fitzwater, R. M. Gordon, Iron deficiency limits phytoplankton growth in Antarctic waters, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 4, 5-12, 1990 b.
    • (1990) Global Biogeochem. Cycles , vol.4 , pp. 5-12
    • Martin, J.H.1    Fitzwater, S.E.2    Gordon, R.M.3
  • 89
    • 0001077832 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the Southern Ocean winter mixed layer and sea ice' Open ocean deepwater formation and ventilation
    • Martinson, D. G., Evolution of the Southern Ocean winter mixed layer and sea ice' Open ocean deepwater formation and ventilation, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 11641-11654, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.95 , pp. 11641-11654
    • Martinson, D.G.1
  • 90
    • 0029478540 scopus 로고
    • Light-dependence of carbon and sulfur production by polar clones of the genus Phaeocystis
    • Matrai, P. A., M. Vernet, R. Hood, A. Jennings, E. Brody, S. Saemundsdõttir, Light-dependence of carbon and sulfur production by polar clones of the genus Phaeocystis, Mar. Biol., 124, 157-167, 1995.
    • (1995) Mar. Biol. , vol.124 , pp. 157-167
    • Matrai, P.A.1    Vernet, M.2    Hood, R.3    Jennings, A.4    Brody, E.5    Saemundsdõttir, S.6
  • 94
    • 0027042146 scopus 로고
    • Net community production in "high Nutrient-Low Chlorophyll" waters of the tropical and Antarctic Oceans: Grazing vs. Iron hypothesis
    • Minas, H. J., M. Minas, Net community production in "High Nutrient-Low Chlorophyll" waters of the tropical and Antarctic Oceans: grazing vs. iron hypothesis, Oceanol. Acta, 15, 145-162, 1992.
    • (1992) Oceanol. Acta , vol.15 , pp. 145-162
    • Minas, H.J.1    Minas, M.2
  • 95
    • 0031390988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability in the location of the Antarctic Polar Front (90°-20°W) from satellite sea surface temperature data
    • Moore, J. K., M. R. Abbott, J. G. Richman, Variability in the location of the Antarctic Polar Front (90°-20°W) from satellite sea surface temperature data, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 27825-27833, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 27825-27833
    • Moore, J.K.1    Abbott, M.R.2    Richman, J.G.3
  • 96
    • 0033557915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Location and dynamics of the Antarctic Polar Front from satellite sea surface temperature data
    • a
    • Moore, J. K., M. R. Abbott, J. G. Richman, Location and dynamics of the Antarctic Polar Front from satellite sea surface temperature data, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 3059-3073, 1999 a.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 3059-3073
    • Moore, J.K.1    Abbott, M.R.2    Richman, J.G.3
  • 98
    • 0024895832 scopus 로고
    • Variations in high-latitude oceanographic fronts in the Southern Indian Ocean: An estimation based on faunal changes
    • Morley, J. J., Variations in high-latitude oceanographic fronts in the Southern Indian Ocean: An estimation based on faunal changes, Paleoceanography, 4, 547-554, 1989.
    • (1989) Paleoceanography , vol.4 , pp. 547-554
    • Morley, J.J.1
  • 101
    • 84905431510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Snow and Ice Data Center, Digital data available from nsidc@kryos.Colorado.edu, Boulder, Colorado,NSIDC Distributed Active Archive Center, Univ. of Colo. at Boulder
    • National Snow and Ice Data Center, Passive Microwave Derived Monthly Polar Sea Ice Concentration Time Series, Digital data available from nsidc@kryos.colorado.edu, Boulder, Colorado,NSIDC Distributed Active Archive Center, Univ. of Colo. at Boulder, 1998.
    • (1998) Passive Microwave Derived Monthly Polar Sea Ice Concentration Time Series
  • 102
    • 0027869109 scopus 로고
    • Oceanographic and climatic changes over the past 160,000 years at deep sea drilling project site 594 off southeastern New Zealand, southwest Pacific Ocean
    • Nelson, C. S., P. J. Cooke, C. H. Hendy, A. M. Cuthbertson, Oceanographic and climatic changes over the past 160,000 years at deep sea drilling project site 594 off southeastern New Zealand, southwest Pacific Ocean, Paleoceanography, 8, 435-458, 1993.
    • (1993) Paleoceanography , vol.8 , pp. 435-458
    • Nelson, C.S.1    Cooke, P.J.2    Hendy, C.H.3    Cuthbertson, A.M.4
  • 103
    • 0030474429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cycling of organic carbon and biogenic silica in the Southern Ocean: Estimates of water-column and sedimentary fluxes on the Ross Sea continental shelf
    • Nelson, D. M., D. J. DeMaster, R. B. Dunbar, W. O. Smith Jr, Cycling of organic carbon and biogenic silica in the Southern Ocean: Estimates of water-column and sedimentary fluxes on the Ross Sea continental shelf, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 18519-18532, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 18519-18532
    • Nelson, D.M.1    DeMaster, D.J.2    Dunbar, R.B.3    Smith, W.O.4
  • 104
    • 0022837594 scopus 로고
    • Phytoplankton bloom dynamics of the western Ross Sea ice edge - II. Mesoscale cycling of nitrogen and silicon
    • Nelson, D. M., W. O. Smith Jr., Phytoplankton bloom dynamics of the western Ross Sea ice edge-II. Mesoscale cycling of nitrogen and silicon, Deep Sea Res. Part I., 33, 1389-1412, 1986.
    • (1986) Deep Sea Res. Part I. , vol.33 , pp. 1389-1412
    • Nelson, D.M.1    Smith, W.O.2
  • 105
    • 0002589876 scopus 로고
    • Effect of temperature on rate of photosynthesis in Antarctic phytoplankton
    • Neori, A., O. Holm-Hansen, Effect of temperature on rate of photosynthesis in Antarctic phytoplankton, Polar Biol., 1, 33-38, 1982.
    • (1982) Polar Biol. , vol.1 , pp. 33-38
    • Neori, A.1    Holm-Hansen, O.2
  • 106
    • 0000236712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Frozen skin of the Southern Ocean
    • Nicol, S., I. Allison, The Frozen skin of the Southern Ocean, Am. Sci., 85, 426-439, 1997.
    • (1997) Am. Sci. , vol.85 , pp. 426-439
    • Nicol, S.1    Allison, I.2
  • 107
    • 84912799685 scopus 로고
    • Cadmium, copper and iron in the Scotia Sea, Weddell Sea, and Weddell/Scotia Confluence (Antarctica)
    • Nolting, R. F., H. J. W. de Baar, A. J. Van Bennekom, A. Masson, Cadmium, copper and iron in the Scotia Sea, Weddell Sea, and Weddell/Scotia Confluence (Antarctica), Mar. Chem., 35, 219-243, 1991.
    • (1991) Mar. Chem. , vol.35 , pp. 219-243
    • Nolting, R.F.1    De Baar, H.J.W.2    Van Bennekom, A.J.3    Masson, A.4
  • 108
    • 0030691942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Barium accumulation in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean: Results from 190,000-year records
    • Nürnberg, C. C., G. Bohrmann, M. Schlüter, M. Frank, Barium accumulation in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean: Results from 190,000-year records, Paleoceanography, 12, 594-603, 1997.
    • (1997) Paleoceanography , vol.12 , pp. 594-603
    • Nürnberg, C.C.1    Bohrmann, G.2    Schlüter, M.3    Frank, M.4
  • 109
    • 0019679029 scopus 로고
    • Ice age aerosol content from East Antarctic ice core samples and past wind strength
    • Petit, J. R., M. Briat, A. Royer, Ice age aerosol content from East Antarctic ice core samples and past wind strength, Nature, 293, 391-394, 1981.
    • (1981) Nature , vol.293 , pp. 391-394
    • Petit, J.R.1    Briat, M.2    Royer, A.3
  • 110
    • 0025155021 scopus 로고
    • Palaeoclimatological and chronological implications of the Vostok core dust record
    • Petit, J. R., L. Mounier, J. Jouzel, Y. S. Korotkevich, V. I. Kotlyakov, C. Lorius, Palaeoclimatological and chronological implications of the Vostok core dust record, Nature, 343, 56-58, 1990.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.343 , pp. 56-58
    • Petit, J.R.1    Mounier, L.2    Jouzel, J.3    Korotkevich, Y.S.4    Kotlyakov, V.I.5    Lorius, C.6
  • 111
    • 0027090590 scopus 로고
    • Surface water temperature changes in the high latitudes of the southern hemisphere over the last glacial-interglacial cycle
    • Pichon, J. J., M. Labeyrie, G. Bareille, M. Labracherie, J. Duprat, J. Jouzel, Surface water temperature changes in the high latitudes of the southern hemisphere over the last glacial-interglacial cycle, Paleoceanography, 7, 289-318, 1992.
    • (1992) Paleoceanography , vol.7 , pp. 289-318
    • Pichon, J.J.1    Labeyrie, M.2    Bareille, G.3    Labracherie, M.4    Duprat, J.5    Jouzel, J.6
  • 113
    • 0019178764 scopus 로고
    • Surface circulation of the Indian Ocean during the last glacial maximum, Approximately 18,000 yr B.P.
    • Prell, W. L., W. H. Hutson, D. F. Williams, A. W. H. Bé, K. Geitzenauer, B. Molfino, Surface circulation of the Indian Ocean during the last glacial maximum, Approximately 18,000 yr B.P., Quat. Res., 14, 309-336, 1980.
    • (1980) Quat. Res. , vol.14 , pp. 309-336
    • Prell, W.L.1    Hutson, W.H.2    Williams, D.F.3    Bé, A.W.H.4    Geitzenauer, K.5    Molfino, B.6
  • 114
    • 0003037496 scopus 로고
    • The Influence of organisms of the composition of seawater
    • M. N. Hill, Wiley Interscience, New York
    • Redfield, A. C., B. H. Ketchum, F. A. Richards, The Influence of organisms of the composition of seawater, The Sea, 2, M. N. Hill, 26-77, Wiley Interscience, New York, 1963.
    • (1963) The Sea , vol.2 , pp. 26-77
    • Redfield, A.C.1    Ketchum, B.H.2    Richards, F.A.3
  • 115
    • 0029472217 scopus 로고
    • A summer-time sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide in the Southern Ocean between 88 °w and 80 °e
    • Robertson, J. E., A. J. Watson, A summer-time sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide in the Southern Ocean between 88 °W and 80 °E, Deep Sea Res. Part II, 42, 1081-1091, 1995.
    • (1995) Deep Sea Res. Part II , vol.42 , pp. 1081-1091
    • Robertson, J.E.1    Watson, A.J.2
  • 116
    • 0029547387 scopus 로고
    • Glacial enrichments of authigenic Cd and U in Subantarctic sediments: A climatic control on the elements' oceanic budget?
    • Rosenthal, Y., E. A. Boyle, L. Labeyrie, D. Oppo, Glacial enrichments of authigenic Cd and U in Subantarctic sediments: A climatic control on the elements' oceanic budget?, Paleoceanography, 10, 395-413, 1995.
    • (1995) Paleoceanography , vol.10 , pp. 395-413
    • Rosenthal, Y.1    Boyle, E.A.2    Labeyrie, L.3    Oppo, D.4
  • 117
    • 0031448630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Last glacial maximum paleochemistry and deepwater circulation in the Southern Ocean: Evidence from foraminiferal cadmium
    • Rosenthal, Y., E. A. Boyle, L. Labeyrie, Last glacial maximum paleochemistry and deepwater circulation in the Southern Ocean: Evidence from foraminiferal cadmium, Paleoceanography, 12, 787-796, 1997.
    • (1997) Paleoceanography , vol.12 , pp. 787-796
    • Rosenthal, Y.1    Boyle, E.A.2    Labeyrie, L.3
  • 118
    • 0007447314 scopus 로고
    • Carbon dioxide partial pressure in surface waters in the Pacific sector of the southern oceans during austral summers 1992 and 1994
    • Rubin, S., J. Goddard, D. Chipman, T. Takahashi, Carbon dioxide partial pressure in surface waters in the Pacific sector of the southern oceans during austral summers 1992 and 1994, Antarct. J. U.S., 31, 113-115, 1994.
    • (1994) Antarct. J. U.S. , vol.31 , pp. 113-115
    • Rubin, S.1    Goddard, J.2    Chipman, D.3    Takahashi, T.4
  • 120
    • 0027043344 scopus 로고
    • Primary production in the glacial North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans
    • Sancetta, C., Primary production in the glacial North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans, Nature, 360, 249-251, 1992.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.360 , pp. 249-251
    • Sancetta, C.1
  • 123
    • 0029660118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oceanic carbon dioxide uptake in a model of century-scale global warming
    • Sarmiento, J. L., C. Le Quéré, Oceanic carbon dioxide uptake in a model of century-scale global warming, Science, 274, 1346-1350, 1996.
    • (1996) Science , vol.274 , pp. 1346-1350
    • Sarmiento, J.L.1    Le Quéré, C.2
  • 124
    • 0030910110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses of Southern Ocean phytoplankton to the addition of trace metals
    • Scharek, R., M. A. Van Leeuwe, H. J. W. De Baar, Responses of Southern Ocean phytoplankton to the addition of trace metals, Deep-Sea Res. Part II, 44, 209-228, 1997.
    • (1997) Deep-Sea Res. Part II , vol.44 , pp. 209-228
    • Scharek, R.1    Van Leeuwe, M.A.2    De Baar, H.J.W.3
  • 126
    • 0031251734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of algal blooms in Antarctic Shelf waters by the release of iron from melting sea ice
    • Sedwick, P. N., G. R. DiTullio, Regulation of algal blooms in Antarctic Shelf waters by the release of iron from melting sea ice, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 2515-2518, 1997.
    • (1997) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.24 , pp. 2515-2518
    • Sedwick, P.N.1    DiTullio, G.R.2
  • 127
    • 0000675804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissolved iron and manganese in surface waters of the Ross Sea, austral summer 1995-1996
    • Sedwick, P. N., G. R. DiTullio, D. Mackey, Dissolved iron and manganese in surface waters of the Ross Sea, austral summer 1995-1996, Ant. J. of the U.S., 31, 128-130, 1996.
    • (1996) Ant. J. of the U.S. , vol.31 , pp. 128-130
    • Sedwick, P.N.1    DiTullio, G.R.2    MacKey, D.3
  • 128
    • 0027833213 scopus 로고
    • Isotopic evidence for reduced productivity in the Glacial Southern Ocean
    • Shemesh, A., S. A. Macko, C. D. Charles, G. H. Rau, Isotopic evidence for reduced productivity in the Glacial Southern Ocean, Science, 262, 407-410, 1993.
    • (1993) Science , vol.262 , pp. 407-410
    • Shemesh, A.1    MacKo, S.A.2    Charles, C.D.3    Rau, G.H.4
  • 129
    • 15844367939 scopus 로고
    • Bacterivory and herbivory: Key roles of phagotropic protists in pelagic food webs
    • 1994
    • Sherr, E. B., and, B. F. Sherr, 1994, Bacterivory and herbivory: Key roles of phagotropic protists in pelagic food webs, Microb. Ecol., 28, 223-235, 1994.
    • (1994) Microb. Ecol. , vol.28 , pp. 223-235
    • Sherr, E.B.1    Sherr, B.F.2
  • 130
  • 131
    • 0021538264 scopus 로고
    • 2 variations and ocean circulation
    • 2 variations and ocean circulation, Nature, 308, 624-626, 1984.
    • (1984) Nature , vol.308 , pp. 624-626
    • Siegenthaler, U.1    Wenk, T.2
  • 133
    • 0000040837 scopus 로고
    • Polynyas and leads: An overview of physical processes and environment
    • Smith, S. D., R. D. Muench, C. H. Pease, Polynyas and leads: An overview of physical processes and environment, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 9461-9479, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.95 , pp. 9461-9479
    • Smith, S.D.1    Muench, R.D.2    Pease, C.H.3
  • 134
    • 84964010979 scopus 로고
    • Nutrient distributions and new production in polar regions: Parallels and contrasts between the Arctic and Antarctic
    • Smith Jr, W. O., Nutrient distributions and new production in polar regions: Parallels and contrasts between the Arctic and Antarctic, Mar. Chem., 35, 245-257, 1991.
    • (1991) Mar. Chem. , vol.35 , pp. 245-257
    • Smith, W.O.1
  • 135
    • 0031079771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperproductivity of the Ross Sea (Antarctica) Polynya during austral spring
    • Smith Jr., W. O., L. I. Gordon, Hyperproductivity of the Ross Sea (Antarctica) Polynya during austral spring, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 233-236, 1997.
    • (1997) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.24 , pp. 233-236
    • Smith, W.O.1    Gordon, L.I.2
  • 136
    • 0022202993 scopus 로고
    • Phytoplankton bloom produced by a receding ice edge in the Ross Sea: Spatial coherence with the density field
    • Smith, W. O., D. M. Nelson, Phytoplankton bloom produced by a receding ice edge in the Ross Sea: Spatial coherence with the density field, Science, 227, 163-166, 1985.
    • (1985) Science , vol.227 , pp. 163-166
    • Smith, W.O.1    Nelson, D.M.2
  • 137
    • 0022825204 scopus 로고
    • Importance of ice edge phytoplankton production in the Southern Ocean
    • Smith, W. O., D. M. Nelson, Importance of ice edge phytoplankton production in the Southern Ocean, BioScience, 36, 251-257, 1986.
    • (1986) BioScience , vol.36 , pp. 251-257
    • Smith, W.O.1    Nelson, D.M.2
  • 138
    • 0025529061 scopus 로고
    • Phytoplankton growth and new production in the Weddell Sea marginal ice zone in the austral spring and autumn
    • Smith, W. O., D. M. Nelson, Phytoplankton growth and new production in the Weddell Sea marginal ice zone in the austral spring and autumn, Limnol. Oceanogr., 35, 809-821, 1990.
    • (1990) Limnol. Oceanogr. , vol.35 , pp. 809-821
    • Smith, W.O.1    Nelson, D.M.2
  • 141
    • 0030480628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal and spatial patterns in the Ross Sea: Phytoplankton biomass, elemental composition, productivity and growth rates
    • Smith, W. O., D. M. Nelson, G. R. DiTullio, A. R. Leventer, Temporal and spatial patterns in the Ross Sea: Phytoplankton biomass, elemental composition, productivity and growth rates, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 18455-18465, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 18455-18465
    • Smith, W.O.1    Nelson, D.M.2    DiTullio, G.R.3    Leventer, A.R.4
  • 142
    • 0345363224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phytoplankton growth rates in the Ross Sea, Antarctica determined by independent methods: Temporal variations
    • Smith Jr., W. O., D. M. Nelson, S. Mathot, Phytoplankton growth rates in the Ross Sea, Antarctica determined by independent methods: temporal variations, J. Plank. Res., 1999.
    • (1999) J. Plank. Res.
    • Smith, W.O.1    Nelson, D.M.2    Mathot, S.3
  • 144
    • 0031442470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interrelated influence of iron, light, and cell size on marine phytoplankton growth
    • Sunda, W. G., S. A. Huntsman, Interrelated influence of iron, light, and cell size on marine phytoplankton growth, Nature, 390, 389-392, 1997.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.390 , pp. 389-392
    • Sunda, W.G.1    Huntsman, S.A.2
  • 147
    • 0032565970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of iron availability on nutrient consumption ratio of diatoms in oceanic waters
    • Takeda, S., Influence of iron availability on nutrient consumption ratio of diatoms in oceanic waters, Nature, 393, 774-777, 1998.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.393 , pp. 774-777
    • Takeda, S.1
  • 148
    • 0027072970 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of nutrients and phytoplankton, and fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and silicon in the Antarctic Ocean
    • Tréguer, P., G. Jacques, Dynamics of nutrients and phytoplankton, and fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and silicon in the Antarctic Ocean, Polar Biol., 12, 149-162, 1992.
    • (1992) Polar Biol. , vol.12 , pp. 149-162
    • Tréguer, P.1    Jacques, G.2
  • 149
    • 0029478749 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of dimethyl sulphide and dimethylsulphoniopropionate in Antarctic waters and sea ice
    • Turner, S. M., P. D. Nightingale, W. Broadgate, P. S. Liss, The distribution of dimethyl sulphide and dimethylsulphoniopropionate in Antarctic waters and sea ice, Deep Sea Res. Part II, 42, 1059-1080, 1995.
    • (1995) Deep Sea Res. Part II , vol.42 , pp. 1059-1080
    • Turner, S.M.1    Nightingale, P.D.2    Broadgate, W.3    Liss, P.S.4
  • 150
    • 0030973044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iron enrichment experiments in the Southern Ocean: Physiological responses of plankton communities
    • Van Leeuwe, M. A., R. Scharek, H. J. W. De Baar, J. T. M. De Jong, L. Goeyens, Iron enrichment experiments in the Southern Ocean: physiological responses of plankton communities, Deep-Sea Res. II, 44, 189-208, 1997.
    • (1997) Deep-Sea Res. II , vol.44 , pp. 189-208
    • Van Leeuwe, M.A.1    Scharek, R.2    De Baar, H.J.W.3    De Jong, J.T.M.4    Goeyens, L.5
  • 151
    • 0027802442 scopus 로고
    • Drag coefficients for winter Antarctic pack ice
    • Wamser, C., D. G. Martinson, Drag coefficients for winter Antarctic pack ice, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 12431-12437, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98 , pp. 12431-12437
    • Wamser, C.1    Martinson, D.G.2
  • 152
    • 0020043478 scopus 로고
    • Antarctic glacial history using spatial and temporal variations of ice-rafted debris in abyssal sediments of the Southern Ocean
    • C. Craddock, Univ. of Wisc. Press, Madison, Wisc
    • Watkins, N. D., M. T. Ledbetter, T. C. Huang, Antarctic glacial history using spatial and temporal variations of ice-rafted debris in abyssal sediments of the Southern Ocean, Antarctic Geoscience, C. Craddock, 1013-1016, Univ. of Wisc. Press, Madison, Wisc., 1982.
    • (1982) Antarctic Geoscience , pp. 1013-1016
    • Watkins, N.D.1    Ledbetter, M.T.2    Huang, T.C.3
  • 153
    • 0031809588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of surface water masses and circulation to late Quaternary climate change east of New Zealand
    • Weaver, P. P. E., L. Carter, H. L. Neil, Response of surface water masses and circulation to late Quaternary climate change east of New Zealand, Paleoceanography, 13, 70-83, 1998.
    • (1998) Paleoceanography , vol.13 , pp. 70-83
    • Weaver, P.P.E.1    Carter, L.2    Neil, H.L.3
  • 154
    • 19444382318 scopus 로고
    • Annual primary production and export flux in the Southern Ocean from sediment trap data
    • Wefer, G., G. Fischer, Annual primary production and export flux in the Southern Ocean from sediment trap data, Mar. Chem., 35, 597-613, 1991.
    • (1991) Mar. Chem. , vol.35 , pp. 597-613
    • Wefer, G.1    Fischer, G.2
  • 155
    • 0007402371 scopus 로고
    • Winter Weddell Sea Project 1986: Trace gas studies during legs ANT V/2 and V/3 of Polarstern
    • Weiss, R. F., Winter Weddell Sea Project 1986: Trace gas studies during legs ANT V/2 and V/3 of Polarstern, Antarct. J. of the U.S., 22, 99-100, 1987.
    • (1987) Antarct. J. of the U.S. , vol.22 , pp. 99-100
    • Weiss, R.F.1
  • 156
    • 84986252532 scopus 로고
    • Iron in the water column of the Weddell Sea
    • Westelund, S., P. Öhman, Iron in the water column of the Weddell Sea, Mar. Chem., 35, 199-217, 1991.
    • (1991) Mar. Chem. , vol.35 , pp. 199-217
    • Westelund, S.1    Öhman, P.2
  • 157
    • 0022836210 scopus 로고
    • Phytoplankton bloom dynamics of the western Ross Sea ice edge I. Primary productivity and species-specific production
    • Wilson, D. L., W. O. Smith Jr., D. M. Nelson, Phytoplankton bloom dynamics of the western Ross Sea ice edge I. Primary productivity and species-specific production, Deep Sea Res., 33, 1375-1387, 1986.
    • (1986) Deep Sea Res. , vol.33 , pp. 1375-1387
    • Wilson, D.L.1    Smith, W.O.2    Nelson, D.M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.