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Volumn 274, Issue 5291, 1996, Pages 1346-1350

Oceanic carbon dioxide uptake in a model of century-scale global warming

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE; ORGANIC MATTER;

EID: 0029660118     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.274.5291.1346     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (273)

References (21)
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    • Division of Atmospheric Research, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia
    • 2 Modelling Study (Division of Atmospheric Research, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia, 1994).
    • (1994) 2 Modelling Study
    • Enting, I.G.1    Wigley, T.M.L.2    Heimann, M.3
  • 4
    • 10544225316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D. Schimel et al., in (1), pp. 35-71
    • D. Schimel et al., in (1), pp. 35-71.
  • 6
    • 10544219960 scopus 로고
    • _, J. Clim. 7, 5 (1994).
    • (1994) J. Clim. , vol.7 , pp. 5
  • 7
    • 0000814970 scopus 로고
    • The atmospheric and oceanic models have a latitudinal spacing of 4.5°, and the longitudinal spacing is 3.75° in the oceanic model and 7.5° in the atmospheric model. The ocean has 12 vertical levels, and the atmosphere has nine. Simple models of sea ice and terrestrial heat and water budgets are also incorporated. The two GCMs were initialized independently using seasonal solar insolation and observed ocean surface temperature and salinity to force them until a steady-state was achieved. We minimized the drift that occurs upon coupling the models by adjusting the fluxes of heat and water by an amount that varied with region and season but remained constant throughout the global warming scenarios [S. Manabe, R. J. Stouffer, M. J. Spelman, K. Bryan, J. Clim. 4, 785 (1991)].
    • (1991) J. Clim. , vol.4 , pp. 785
    • Manabe, S.1    Stouffer, R.J.2    Spelman, M.J.3    Bryan, K.4
  • 11
    • 0026446585 scopus 로고
    • 2 at 300 ppm and allowing it to invade the ocean until the ocean was in equilibrium with the atmosphere, that is, the global air-sea flux was zero.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.97 , pp. 7373
    • Wanninkhof, R.1
  • 18
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    • A. Neftel, H. Oeschger, J. Schwander, B. Stauffer, R. Zumbrunn, Nature 295, 220 (1982); D. Raynaud et al., Science 259, 926 (1993).
    • (1993) Science , vol.259 , pp. 926
    • Raynaud, D.1
  • 21
    • 10544243717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • We thank R. Stouffer for assisting us in implementing the coupled model, and both him and S. Manabe for their enthusiastic support and comments on the manuscript. The carbon cycle model was developed by R. Murnane, and both he and R. Slater provided important help interpreting the results. R. Toggweller, D. Baker, and D. Harvey provided helpful comments on the manuscript. T. Hughes helped analyze the results. We thank J. Mahlman for his comments and the support that the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory has provided for our research over a period of many years through the ocean group headed by R. Toggweiler. Additional support was provided by grants from the NOAA Office of Global Programs, the National Science Foundation, and the Department of Energy.


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