Aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) virus: The virus and molecular pathogenesis - State of the art, June 1999

Veterinary Research

Volumn 31, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 99-115

  Mettenleiter, Thomas C ^a  

^a FEDERAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL HEALTH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Aujeszky's disease; Glycoprotein; Molecular pathogenesis; Pseudorabies virus; Tropism

Indexed keywords

SUID HERPESVIRUS 1;

ANIMAL; PATHOGENICITY; PHYSIOLOGY; PSEUDORABIES HERPETOVIRUS; REVIEW; VIRUS LATENCY; VIRUS REPLICATION;

ANIMALS; HERPESVIRUS 1, SUID; VIRUS LATENCY; VIRUS REPLICATION;

EID: 0033631564     PISSN: 09284249     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1051/vetres:2000110     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. Babic N., Mettenleiter Th.C., Flamand A., Ugolini G., Role of essential glycoproteins gII and gp50 in transneuronal transfer of pseudorabies virus from the hypoglossal nerves of mice, J. Virol. 67 (1993) 4421-4426.
2. Babic N., Mettenleiter Th.C., Ugolini G., Flamand A., Coulon P., Propagation of pseudorabies virus in the nervous system of the mouse after intranasal inoculation, Virology 204 (1994) 616-625.
3. Babic N., Klupp B.G., Brack A., Mettenleiter Th.C., Flamand A., Deletion of glycoprotein gE reduces the propagation of pseudorabies virus in the nervous system of the mouse after intranasal inoculation, Virology 219 (1996) 279-284.
4. Bartha A., Experimental reduction of virulence of Aujeszky's disease virus (in Hungarian), Magyar Állatorvosok Lapja 16 (1961) 42-45.
5. Baumeister J., Klupp B.G., Mettenleiter Th.C., Pseudorabies virus and equine herpesvirus 1 share a nonessential gene which is absent in other herpesviruses and located adjacent to a highly conserved gene cluster, J. Virol. 69 (1995) 5560-5567.
6. Ben-Porat T., Kaplan A.S., Molecular biology of pseudorabies virus, in: Roizman B. (Eds.), The Herpesviruses, Plenum Press, New York, 1985, pp. 105-173.
7. Berthomme H., Jacquemont B., Epstein A., The pseudorabies virus host-shutoff homolog gene: nucleotide sequence and comparison with alpha-herpesvirus protein counterparts, Virology 193 (1993) 1028-1032.
8. Berthomme H., Monahan S.J., Parris D.S., Jacquemont B., Epstein A.L., Cloning, sequencing, and functional characterization of the two subunits of the pseudorabies virus DNA polymerase holoenzyme: evidence for specificity of interaction, J. Virol. 69 (1995) 2811-2818.
9. Bras F., Dezéléc S., Simonet B., Nguyen X., Vende P., Flamand A., Masse M.J., The left horder of the genomic inversion of pseudorabies virus contains genes homologous to the UL46 and UL47 genes of herpes simplex virus type 1, hut no UL45 gene, Virus Res. 60 (1999) 29-40.
10. Brideau A.D., Banfield B.W., Enquist L.W., The US9 gene product of pseudorabies virus, an alpha-herpesvirus, is a phosphorylated, tail-anchored type II membrane protein, J. Virol. 72 (1998) 4560-4570.
11. Camacho A., Tabarés E., Characterization of the genes, including that encoding the viral proteinase, contained in BamHI restriction fragment 9 of the pseudorabies virus genome, J. Gen. Virol. 77 (1996) 1865-1874.
12. Card J.P., Pseudorabies virus replication and assembly in the rodent central nervous system, in: Kaplitt M., Loewy A.D. (Eds.), Viral Vectors, Academic Press, Inc., 1995, pp. 319-347.
13. Card J.P., Levitt P., Enquist L.W., Different patterns of neuronal infection after intracerebral injection of two strains of pseudorabies virus, J. Virol. 72 (1998) 4434-4441.
14. Cheung A.K., DNA nucleotide sequence analysis of the immediate-early gene of pseudorabies virus, Nucl. Acids Res. 17 (1989) 4637-4646.
15. Cheung A.K., Cloning of the latency gene and the early protein O gene of pseudorabies virus, J. Virol. 65 (1991) 5260-5271.
16. Cheung A.K., Investigation of pseudorahbies virus DNA and RNA in trigeminal ganglia and tonsil tissues of latently infected swine, Am. J. Vet. Res. 56 (1995) 45-50.
17. Cockrell A.S., Muggeridge M.I., Herpes simplex virus 2 UL45 is a type II membrane protein, J. Virol. 72 (1998) 4430-4433.
18. Davison A.J., Scott J.E., The complete DNA sequence of varicella-zoster virus, J. Gen. Virol. 67 (1986) 1759-1816.
19. Dean H.J., Cheung A.K., A 3' coterminal gene cluster in pseudorabies virus contains herpes simplex virus UL1, UL2, and UL3 gene homologs and a unique UL3.5 open reading frame, J. Virol. 67 (1993) 5955-5961.
20. Dean H.J., Cheung A.K., Identification of the pseudorabies virus UL4 and UL5 (helicase) genes, Virology 202 (1994) 962-967.
21. R junction reduces pseudorabies virus neurovirulence, J. Virol. 69 (1995) 1334-1338.
22. DeWind N., Domen J., Berns A., Herpesviruses encode an unusual protein-serine/threonine kinase which is nonessential for growth in cultured cells, J. Virol. 66 (1992) 5200-5209.
23. DeWind N., Berns A., Gielkens A., Kimman T., Ribonucleotide reductase-deficient mutants of pseudorabies virus are avirulent for pigs and induce partial protective immunity, J. Gen. Virol. 74 (1993) 351-359.
24. De Wind N., Wagenaar F., Pol J., Kimman T., Berns A., The pseudorabies virus homolog of the herpes simplex virus UL21 gene product is a capsid protein which is involved in capsid maturation, J. Virol. 66 (1992) 7096-7103.
25. Dezélée S., Bras F., Vende P., Simonet B., Nguyen X., Flamand A., Masse M.J., The BamHI fragment 9 of pseudorabies virus contains genes homologous to the UL24, UL25, UL26, and UL26.5 genes of herpes simplex virus 1, Virus Res. 42 (1996) 27-39.
26. Dijkstra J., Mettenleiter Th.C., Klupp B.G., Intracellular processing of pseudorabies virus glycoprotein M (gM): gM of strain Bartha lacks N-glycosylation, Virology 237 (1997) 113-122.
27. Dijkstra J., Visser N., Mettenleiter Th.C., Klupp B.G., Identification and characterization of pseudorabies virus glycoprotein gM as a nonessential virion component, J. Virol. 70 (1996) 5684-5688.
28. Dijkstra J., Gerdts V., Klupp B.G., Mettenleiter Th.C., Deletion of glycoprotein gM of pseudorabies virus results in attenuation for the natural host, J. Gen. Virol. 78 (1997) 2147-2151.
29. Dijkstra J.M., Fuchs W., Mettenleiter T.C., Klupp B.G., Identification and transcriptional analysis of pseudorabies virus UL6 to UL12 genes, Arch. Virol. 142 (1997) 17-35.
30. Enquist L.W., Infection of the mammalian nervous system by pseudorabies virus (PRV), Seminars in Virol. 5 (1994) 221-231.
31. Enquist L.W., Circuit-specific infection of the mammalian nervous system, ASM News 61 (1995) 633-638.
32. Enquist L.W., Husak P.J., Banfield B.W., Smith G.A., Infection and spread of alphaherpesviruses in the nervous system, Advances in Virus Res. 51 (1999) 237-347.
33. Fuchs W., Klupp B.G., Rziha H.-J., Mettenleiter Th.C., Identification and characterization of the pseudorabies virus UL3.5 protein, which is involved in virus egress, J. Virol. 70 (1996) 3517-3527.
34. Fuchs W., Klupp B.G., Granzow H., Mettenleiter Th.C., The UL20 gene product of pseudorabies virus functions in virus egress, J. Virol. 71 (1997) 5639-5646.
35. Geraghly R.J., Krummenacher C., Cohen G.H., Eisenberg R.J., Spear P.G., Entry of alphaherpesviruses mediated by poliovirus receptor-related protein 1 and poliovirus receptor, Science 280 (1998) 1618-1620.
36. Granzow H., Weiland F., Jöns A., Klupp B., Karger A., Mettenleiter Th.C., Ultrastructural Analysis of the Replication Cycle of Pseudorabies Virus in Cell Culture: A Reassessment, J. Virol. 71 (1997) 2072-2082.
37. Ho T.-Y., Hsiang C.-Y., Chang T.-J., Analysis of pseudorabies virus genes by cDNA sequencing, Gene 175 (1996) 247-251.
38. Hsiang C.-Y., Ho T.Y., Chang T.-J., Identification of a pseudorabies vims UL12 (deoxyribonuclease) gene, Gene 177 (1996) 109-113.
39. Jansen A., van Nguyen X., Karpitskiy V., Mettenleiter Th.C., Loewy A., Central command neurons of the sympathetic nervous system - neuroanatomical basis of the fight-or-flight response, Science, 270 (1995) 644-646.
40. Jöns A., Mettenleiter Th.C., Identification and characterization of pseudorabies virus dUTPase, J. Virol. 70 (1996) 1242-1245.
41. Jöns A., Granzow H., Kuchling R., Mettenleiter Th.C., The UL49.5 gene of pseudorabies virus (PrV) codes for an O-glycosylated structural protein of the viral envelope, J. Virol. 70 (1996) 1237-1241.
42. Jöns A., Gerdts V., Lange E., Kaden V., Mettenleiter Th.C., Attenuation of dUTPase deficient pseudorabies virus for the natural host, Vet. Microbiol. 56 (1997) 47-54.
43. Kaliman A.V., Boldogköi Z., Fodor I., Large and small subunits of the Aujeszky's disease virus ribonucleotide reductase: nucleotide sequence and putative structure, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1219 (1994) 151-156.
44. Karger A., Mettenleiter Th.C., Glycoproteins gIII and gp50 play dominant roles in the biphasic attachment of pseudorabies virus, 194 (1993) 654-664.
45. Karger A., Schmidt J., Mettenleiter Th.C., Infectivity of a pseudorabies virus mutant lacking attachment glycoproteins C and D, J. Virol. 72 (1998) 7314-7348.
46. Kimman T., de Wind N., Oei-Lie N., Pol J., Berns A., Gielkens A., Contribution of single genes within the unique short region of Aujeszky's disease virus (suid herpesvirus type I) to virulence, pathogenesis and immunogenicity, J. Gen. Virol. 73 (1992) 243-251.
47. Kit S., U.S. Patent Application no. 4514497, 1985.
48. Kit S., Kit M., Bartkoski M.J., Dees G., Genetically engineered pseudorabies virus vaccine with deletions in thymidine kinase and glycoprotein genes, Cold Spring Harbor Symposium Vaccines 87: Pseudorabies Vaccines (1987) 345-349.
49. Klupp B., Mettenleiter Th.C., Sequence and expression of the glycoprotein gH gene of pseudorabies virus, Virology 182 (1991) 732-741.
50. Klupp B., Kern H., Mettenleiter Th.C., The virulence-determining genomic Bam HI-fragment 4 of pseudorabies virus contains genes corresponding to the UL15 (partial), UL18, UL19, UL20, and UL21 genes of herpes simplex virus and a putative origin of replication, Virology 191 (1992) 900-908.
51. Klupp B.G., Baumeister J., Karger A., Visser N., Mettenleiter Th.C., Identification and characterization of a novel structural glycoprotein in pseudorabies virus, gL, J. Virol. 68 (1994) 3868-3878.
52. Klupp B.G., Lomniczi B., Visser N., Fuchs W., Mettenleiter Th.C., Mutations affecting the UL21 gene contribute to avirulence of pseudorabies virus vaccine strain Bartha, Virology 212 (1995) 466-473.
53. Klupp B., Baumeister J., Dietz, P., Granzow H., Mettenleiter Th.C., Pseudorabies virus glycoprotein gK is a structural component of virions involved in virus release but not required for entry, J. Virol. 72 (1998) 1949-1958.
54. Kritas S.K., Pensaert M., Mettenleiter Th.C., Invasion and spread of single glycoprotein deleted mutants of Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) in the trigeminal nervous pathway of pigs after intranasal inoculation, Vet. Microbiol. 40 (1994) 323-334.
55. Kupershmidt S., de Marchi J., Lu Z., Ben-Porat T., Analysis of an origin of DNA replication located at the L terminus of the genome of pseudorabies virus, J. Virol. 65 (1991) 6283-6291.
56. Lamberti C., Weller S.K., The herpes simplex virus type 1 cleavage/packaging protein, UL32, is involved in efficient localization of capsids to replication compartments, J. Virol. 72 (1998) 2463-2473.
57. Loewy A.D., Pseudorabies virus: a transneuronal tracer for neuroanatomical studies, in: Kaplitt M., Loewy A.D. (Eds.), Viral Vectors, Academic Press, Inc., 1995, pp. 349-366.
58. Lomniczi B., Watanabe S., Ben-Porat T., Kaplan A.S., Genetic basis of the neurovirulence of pseudorabies virus, J. Virol. 52 (1984) 198-205.
59. McGeoch D.J., Cook S., Molecular phylogeny of the alphaherpesvirinae subfamily and a proposed evolutionary timescale, J. Mol. Biol. 238 (1994) 9-22.
60. McGeoch D.J., Dolan A., Donald S., Rixon F.J., Sequence determination and genetic content of the short unique region of the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1, J. Molec. Biol. 181 (1985) 1-13.
61. McGeoch D.J., Dalrymple M.A., Davison A.J., Dolan A., Frame M.C., McNab D., Perry L.J., Scott J.E., Taylor, P., The complete DNA sequence of the long unique region in the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1, J. Gen. Virol. 69 (1988) 1531-1574.
62. McGregor S., Easterday B.C., Kaplan A.S., BenPorat T., Vaccination of swine with thymidine kinase-deficient mutants of pseudorabies virus, Am. J. Vet. Res. 46 (1985) 1494-1497.
63. Mettenleiter Th.C., Initiation and spread of α-Herpesvirus infections, Trends Microbiol. 2 (1994) 2-4.
64. Mettenleiter Th.C., Pseudorabies (Aujeszky's disease) virus: State of the art, August 1993, Acta Vet. Hung. 42 (1994) 153-177.
65. Mettenleiter Th.C., Molecular properties of alpha-herpesviruses used in neuronal pathway tracing, in: Kaplitt M., Loewy A.D. (Eds.), Viral Vectors, Academic Press, Inc., 1995, pp. 367-393.
66. Mettenleiter Th.C., Lukacs N., Rziha H.-J., Pseudorabies virus avirulent strains fail to express a major glycoprotein, J. Virol. 56 (1985) 307-311.
67. Mettenleiter Th.C., Saalmüller A., Weiland F., Pseudorabies virus protein homologous to herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP18.5 is necessary for capsid maturation, J. Virol. 67 (1993) 1236-1245.
68. Mettenleiter Th.C., Zsak L., Kaplan A, Ben-Porat T., Lomniczi B., Role of a structural glycoprotein of pseudorabies in virus virulence, J. Virol. 61 (1987) 4030-4032.
69. Newcomb W.N., Homa F.L., Thomsen D.R., Trus B.L., Cheng N., Steven A., Booy F., Brown J.C., Assembly of the herpes simplex virus procapsid from purified components and identification of small complexes containing the major capsid and scaffolding proteins, J. Virol. 73 (1999) 4239-4250.
70. [69a] Nixdorf R., Schmidt J., Karger A., Mettenleiter T.C., Infection of chinese hamster ovary cells by pseudorabies virus, J. Virol. 73 (1999) 8019-8026.
71. Pedersen N., Enquist L., The nucleotide sequence of a pseudorabies virus gene similar to ICP18.5 of herpes simplex virus type 1, Nucleic Acids Res. 17 (1989) 3597.
72. Pedersen N.E., Casey II J.T., Koslowski K.M., Shaver P.R., The UL6 locus of pseudorabies virus and its homology to oncogenic herpesviruses, Oncol. Rep. 5 (1998) 115-119.
73. Petrovskis E., Post L., A small open reading frame in pseudorabies virus and implications for evolutionary relationships between herpesviruses, Virology 159 (1987) 193-195.
74. Petrovskis E., Timmins J.G., Post L., Use of λgt11 to isolate genes for two pseudorabies virus glycoproteins with homology to herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus glycoproteins, J. Virol. 60 (1986) 185-193.
75. Petrovskis E.A., Timmins J.G., Gierman T.M., Post L.E., Deletions in vaccine strains of pseudorabies virus and their effect on synthesis of glycoprotein gp63, J. Virol. 60 (1986) 1166-1169.
76. Petrovskis E., Timmins J.G., Armentrout M.A., Marchioli C.C., Yancy R.J., Post L.E., DNA sequence of the gene for pseudorabies virus gp50. a glycoprotein without N-linked glycosylation, J. Virol. 59 (1986) 216-223.
77. Powers L., Wilkinson K.S., Ryan P., Characterization of the prv43 gene of pseudorabies virus and demonstration that it is not required for virus growth in cell culture, Virology 199 (1994) 81-88.
78. Prieto J., Hernàndez A.M., Tabarés E., Loss of pseudorabies virus thymidine kinase activity due to a single base mutation and amino acid substitution, J. Gen. Virol. 72 (1991) 1435-1439.
79. Priola S.A., Stevens J.G., The 5' and 3' limits of transcription in the pseudorabies virus latency associated transcription unit, Virology 182 (1991) 852-856.
80. Quint W., Gielkens A., van Oirschot J., Berns A., Cuypers H.T., Construction and characterization of deletion mutants of pseudorabies virus: a new veneration of "Live" vaceines, J. Gen. Virol. 68 (1987) 523-534.
81. Rauh I., Weiland F., Fehler F., Keil G., Mettenleiter Th.C., Pseudorabies virus mutants lacking the essential glycoprotein gII can be complemented by glycoprotein gI of bovine herpesvirus 1, J. Virol. 65 (1991) 621-631.
82. Rea T., Timmins J., Long G., Post L., Mapping and sequence of the gene for the pseudorabies virus glycoprotein which accumulates in the medium of infected cells, J. Virol. 54 (1985) 21-29.
83. Robbins A.K., Ryan J.P., Whealy M.E., Enquist L.W., The gene encoding the gill envelope protein of pseudorabies virus vaccine strain Bartha contains a mutation affecting protein localization, J. Virol. 73 (1989) 250-258.
84. Robbins A.K., Watson R.J., Whealy M.E., Hays W.W., Enquist L.W., Characterization of a pseudorabies virus glycoprotein gene with homology to herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 glycoprotein C, J. Virol. 58 (1986) 339-347.
85. Robbins A.K., Dorney D.J., Wathen M.W., Whealy M.E., Gold C., Watson R.J., Holland L.E., Weed S.D., Levine M., Glorioso J.C., Enquist L.W., The pseudorabies virus gII gene is closely related to the gB glycoprotein gene of herpes simplex virus, J. Virol. 61 (1987) 2691-2701.
86. Schmidt J., Klupp B.G., Karger A., Mettenleiter Th.C., Adaptability in herpesviruses: glycoprotein D-independenl infectivity of pseudorabies virus, J. Virol. 71 (1997) 17-24.
87. Schang L.M., Kutish G.F., Osorio F.A., Correlation between precolonization of trigeminal ganglia by attenuated strains of pseudorabies virus and resistance to wild-type virus latency, J. Virol. 68 (1994) 8470-8476.
88. Sodeik B., Ebersold M.W., Helenius A., Microtubule-mediated transport of incoming herpes simplex virus 1 capsids to the nucleus, J. Cell Biol. 136 (1997) 1007-1021.
89. Telford E., Watson M., McBride K., Davison A., The DNA sequence of equine herpesvirus-1, Virology 189 (1992) 304-316.
90. Ugolini G., Transneuronal tracing with alpha-herpesviruses: a review of the methodology; in: Kaplitt M., Loewy A.D. (Eds.), Viral Vectors, Academic Press, Inc., 1995, pp. 293-317.
91. van Oirschot J.T., Rziha H.J., Moonen P.J.L.M., Pol J.M.A., van Zaane D., Differentiation of serum antibodies from pigs vaccinated or infected with Aujesky's disease virus by a competitive enzyme immunoassay, J. Gen. Virol. 67 (1986) 1179-1182.
92. van Zjil M., van de Gulden H., de Wind N., Gielkens A., Berns A., Identification of two genes in the unique short region of pseudorabies virus; comparison with herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus, J. Gen. Virol. 71 (1990) 1747-1755.
93. van Zijl M., Wensvoort G., de Kluyver E., Hulst M., van der Gulden H., Gielkens A., Berns A., Moormann R., Live attenuated pseudorabies virus expressing envelope glycoprotein E1 of hog cholera virus protects swine against both pseudorabies and hog cholera, J. Virol. 65 (1991) 2761-2765.
94. Warner M.S., Geraghty R.J., Martinez W.M., Montgomery R.I., Whitbeck J.C., Xu R., Eisenberg R.J., Cohen G.H., Spear P.G., A cell surface protein with herpesvirus entry activity (HveB) confers susceptibility to infection by mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2, and pseudorabies virus, Virology 246 (1998) 179-189.
95. Whealy M.E., Card J.P., Meade R.P., Robbins A.K., Enquist L.W., Effect of brefeldin A on alphaherpesvirus membrane protein glycosylation and virus egress, J. Virol. 65 (1991) 1066-1081.
96. Wu S.-L., Hsiang C.-Y., Ho T.-Y., Chang T.-J., Identification, expressing, and characterization of the pseudorabies virus DNA-binding protein gene and gene product, Virus Res. 56 (1998) 1-9.
97. Yamada S., Imada T., Watanabe W., Honda Y., Nakajima-Iijima S., Shimizu Y., Sekikawa K., Nucleotide sequence and transcriptional mapping of the major capsid protein gene of pseudorabies virus, Virology 185 (1991) 56-66.
98. Zhang G., Leader D.P., The structure of the pseudorabies virus genome at the end of the inverted repeat sequences proximal to the junction with the short unique region, J. Gen. Virol. 71 (1990) 2433-2441.
99. Zhang G., Stevens R., Leader D.P., The protein kinase encoded in the short unique region of pseudorabies virus: description of the gene and identification of its product in virions and in infected cells, J. Gen. Virol. 71 (1990) 1757-1765.
100. Ziemann K., Mettenleiter Th.C., Fuchs W., Gene arrangement within the unique long genome region of infectious laryngotracheitis virus is distinct from other alphaherpesviruses, J. Virol. 72 (1998) 847-852.