Structure and function of the growth-hormone-releasing hormone receptor

Vitamins and Hormones

Volumn 59, Issue , 2000, Pages 35-69

  Petersenn, Stephan ^a,b   Schulte, Heinrich M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER HAMBURG EPPENDORF   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GLUCOCORTICOID; GROWTH HORMONE RELEASING FACTOR; HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE; SEX HORMONE; SOMATOSTATIN RECEPTOR; THYROID HORMONE;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; CHEMISTRY; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HUMAN; HYPOPHYSIS; MOLECULAR GENETICS; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; SECRETION; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; GONADAL STEROID HORMONES; GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE; HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE; HUMANS; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; PITUITARY GLAND; RECEPTORS, SOMATOSTATIN; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY, AMINO ACID; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; THYROID HORMONES;

EID: 0033630865     PISSN: 00836729     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/s0083-6729(00)59003-7     Document Type: Review

References (134)

1. T. Abribat N. Deslauriers P. Brazeau P. Gaudreau Alterations of pituitary growth hormone-releasing factor binding sites in aging rats Endocrinology 128 1991 633 635
2. G. Aleppo P.A. Moskal II P.A. de Grandis R.D. Kineman L.A. Frohman Homologous downregulation of growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid levels Endocrinology 138 1997 1058 1065
3. S.L. Asa K. Kovacs M.O. Thorner D.A. Leong J. Rivier W. Vale Immunohistological localization of growth hormone-releasing hormone in human tumors J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 60 1985 423 427
4. S.L. Asa L.A. Puy A.M. Lew V.C. Sundmark H.P. Elsholtz Cell type-specific expression of the pituitary transcription activator pit-1 in the human pituitary and pituitary denomas J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 77 1993 1275 1280
5. S.L. Asa K. Kovacs L. Stefaneanu E. Horvath N. Billestrup C. Gonzalez-Manchon W. Vale Pituitary adenomas in mice transgenic for growth hormone-releasing hormone Endocrinology 131 1992 2083 2089
6. A. Bagnato C. Moretti J. Ohnishi G. Frajese K.J. Catt Expression of the growth hormone-releasing hormone gene and its peptide product in the rat ovary Endocrinology 130 1992 1097 1102
7. C.J. Bailey L.C. Wilkes P.R. Flatt J.M. Conlon K.D. Buchanan Effects of growth hormone-releasing hormone on the secretion of islet hormones and on glucose homeostasis in lean and genetically obese-diabetic (ob/ob) mice and normal rats J. Endocrinol. 123 1989 19 24
8. M. Barinaga G. Yamonoto C. Rivier W. Vale R. Evans M.G. Rosenfeld Transcriptional regulation of growth hormone gene expression by growth hormonereleasing factor Nature 306 1983 84 85
9. M. Barinaga L.M. Bilezikjian W.W. Vale M.G. Rosenfeld R.M. Evans Independent effects of growth hormone releasing factor on growth hormone release and gene transcriptions Nature 314 1985 279 281
10. S.A. Berry C.H. Srivastava L.R. Rubin W.R. Phipps O.H. Pescovitz Growth hormone-releasing hormone-like messenger ribonucleic acid and immunoreactive peptide are present in human testis and placenta J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 75 1992 281 284
11. J. Bertherat M.T. Bluet-Pajot J. Epelbaum Neuroendocrine regulation of growth hormone Eur. J. Endocrinol. 132 1995 12 24
12. L.M. Bilezikjian H. Seifert W. Vale Desensitization to growth hormonereleasing factor (GRF) is associated with down-regulation of GRF-binding sites Endocrinology 118 1986 2045 2052
13. L.M. Bilezikjian J. Erlichman N. Fleischer W.W. Vale Differential activation of type I and type II 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinases by growth hormone-releasing factor Mol. Endocrinol. 1 1987 137 146
14. N. Billestrup L.W. Swanson W. Vale Growth hormone-releasing factor stimulates proliferation of somatotrophs in vitro Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83 1986 6854 6857
15. N. Billestrup R.L. Mitchell W. Vale I.M. Verma Growth hormone-releasing factor induces c-fos expression in cultured primary pituitary cells Mol. Endocrinol. 1 1987 300 305
16. M. Bodner M. Karin A pituitary-specific trans-acting factor can stimulate transcription from the growth hormone promoter in extracts of nonexpressing cells Cell 50 1987 267 275
17. F.T. Bosman C. Van Assche A.C. Nieuwenhuyzen Kruseman S. Jackson P.J. Lowry Growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) immunoreactivity in human and rat gastrointestinal tract and pancreas J. Histochem. Cytochem. 32 1984 1139 1144
18. G.A. Brent J.W. Harney D.D. Moore P.R. Larsen Multihormonal regulation of the human, rat, and bovine growth hormone promotes: Differential effects of 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate, thyroid hormone, and glucocorticoids Mol. Endocrinol. 2 1988 792 798
19. P.K. Brindle M.R. Montminy The CREB family of transcription activators Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 2 1992 199 204
20. F.H. Burton K.W. Hasel F.E. Bloom J.G. Sutcliffe Pituitary hyperplasia and gigantism in mice caused by a cholera toxin transgene Nature 350 1991 74 77
21. F.F. Casanueva B. Burguera C. Muruais C. Dieguez Acute administration of corticoids: A new and peculiar stimulus of growth hormone secretion in man J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 70 1990 234 237
22. S.G. Cella V. Locatelli T. Mennini A. Zanini C. Bendotti G.L. Forloni G. Fumagalli V.M. Arce V. de Gennaro Colonna W.B. Wehrenberg Deprivation of growth hormone-releasing hormone early in the rat's neonatal life permanently affects somatotropic function Endocrinology 127 1990 1625 1634
23. T.C. Cheng W.G. Beamer J.A.D. Phillips A. Bartke R.L. Mallonee C. Dowling Etiology of growth hormone deficiency in little, Ames, and Snell dwarf mice Endocrinology 113 1983 1669 1678
24. N.D. Christofides A. Stephanou H. Suzuki Y. Yiangou S.R. Bloom Distribution of immunoreactive growth hormone-releasing hormone in the human brain and intestine and its production by tumors J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 59 1984 747 751
25. R.P. Copp H.H. Samuels Identification of an adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP)-responsive region in the rat growth hormone gene: Evidence for independent and synergistic effects of cAMP and thyroid hormone on gene expression Mol. Endocrinol. 3 1989 790 796
26. M.G. Cordingley A.T. Riegel G.L. Hager Steroid-dependent interaction of transcription factors with the inducible promoter of mouse mammary tumor virus in vivo Cell 48 1987 261 270
27. S.J. Courtois D.A. Lafontaine F.P. Lemaigre S.M. Durviaux G.G. Rousseau Nuclear factor-I and activator protein-2 bind in a mutually exclusive way to overlapping promoter sequences and trans-activate the human growth hormone gene Nucleic Acids Res. 18 1990 57 64
28. L. Cuttler S.R. Glaum B.A. Collins R.J. Miller Calcium signalling in single growth hormone-releasing factor-responsive pituitary cells Endocrinology 130 1992 945 953
29. V.I. DeAlmeida K.E. Mayo Identification of binding domains of the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor by analysis of mutant and chimeric receptor proteins Mol. Endocrinol. 12 1998 750 765
30. P.R. Dickson F.J. Vaccarino Characterization of feeding behavior induced by central injection of GRF Am. J. Physiol. 259 1990 R651 R657
31. C.L. Ehlers T.K. Reed S.J. Henriksen Effects of corticotropin-releasing factor and growth hormone-releasing factor on sleep and activity in rats Neuroendocrinology 42 1986 467 474
32. E.M. Eicher W.G. Beamer Inherited ateliotic dwarfism in mice. Characteristics of the mutation, little, on chromosome 6 J. Hered. 67 1976 87 91
33. M.G. Elgort A. Zou K.B. Marschke E.A. Allegretto Estrogen and estrogen receptor antagonists stimulate transcription from the human retinoic acid receptor-alpha 1 promoter via a novel sequence Mol. Endocrinol. 10 1996 477 487
34. H.P. Elsholtz V.R. Albert M.N. Treacy M.G. Rosenfeld A two-base change in a POU factor-binding site switches pituitary-specific to lymphoid-specific gene expression Genes Dev. 4 1990 43 51
35. A. Fabbri D.R. Ciocca T. Ciampani J. Wang M.L. Dufau Growth hormone-releasing hormone in testicular interstitial and germ cells: Potential paracrine modulation of follicle-stimulating hormone action on Sertoli cell function Endocrinology 136 1995 2303 2308
36. J.W. Finkelstein H.P. Roffwarg R.M. Boyar J. Kream L. Hellman Age-related change in the twenty-four-hour spontaneous secretion of growth hormone J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 35 1972 665 670
37. M.B. French B.C. Moor B.T. Lussier J. Kraicer Growth hormone-releasing factor does not activate protein kinase C in somatotrophs Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 79 1991 139 146
38. K.E. Friend Y.K. Chiou E.R. Laws Jr. M.B. Lopes M.A. Shupnik Pit-1 messenger ribonucleic acid is differentially expressed in human pituitary adenomas J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 77 1993 1281 1286
39. L.A. Frohman T.R. Downs P. Chomczynski Regulation of growth hormone secretion Front. Neuroendocrinol. 13 1992 344 405
40. Y. Fujinaka Y. Yokogoshi C.Y. Zhang T. Okura K. Kitagawa S. Saito Tissue-specific molecular heterogeneity of human growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor protein FEBS Lett. 394 1996 1 4
41. B.D. Gaylinn J.K. Harrison J.R. Zysk C.E. Lyons K.R. Lynch M.O. Thorner Molecular cloning and expression of a human anterior pituitary receptor for growth hormone-releasing hormone Mol. Endocrinol. 7 1993 77 84
42. B.D. Gaylinn C.E. Lyons K.E. Mayo M.O. Thorner The little mouse GHRH receptor mutation (D60 to G) prevents GHRH binding Proceedings of the 76th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society Anaheim, CA 1994 P1 P667
43. B.D. Gaylinn C.E. Lyons J.R. Zysk I.J. Clarke M.O. Thorner Photoaffinity cross-linking to the pituitary receptor for growth hormone-releasing factor Endocrinology 135 1994 950 955
44. B.D. Gaylinn C. von Kap-Herr W.L. Golden M.O. Thorner Assignment of the human growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor gene (GHRHR) to 7p14 by in situ hybridization Genomics 19 1994 193 195
45. A. Giustina W.B. Wehrenberg Influence of thyroid hormones on the regulation of growth hormone secretion Eur. J. Endocrinol. 133 1995 646 653
46. P. Godfrey J.O. Rahal W.G. Beamer N.G. Copeland N.A. Jenkins K.E. Mayo GHRH receptor of little mice contains a missense mutation in the extracellular domain that disrupts receptor function Nat. Genet. 4 1993 227 232
47. S. Gonzalez-Crespo A. Boronat Expression of the rat growth hormone-releasing hormone gene in placenta is directed by an alternative promoter Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88 1991 8749 8753
48. I.C. Green C. Southern K. Ray Mechanism of action of growth-hormone-releasing hormone in stimulating insulin secretion in vitro from isolated rat islets and dispersed islet cells Horm. Res. 33 1990 199 204
49. V. Guarcello D.A. Weigent J.E. Blalock Growth hormone releasing hormone receptors on thymocytes and splenocytes from rats Cell. Immunol. 136 1991 291 302
50. K. Hashimoto M. Koga T. Motomura S. Kasayama H. Kouhara T. Ohnishi N. Arita T. Hayakawa B. Sato T. Kishimoto Identification of alternatively spliced messenger ribonucleic acid encoding truncated growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor in human pituitary adenomas J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 80 1995 2933 2939
51. H.A. Hassan H.M. Hsiung X.Y. Zhang D.P. Smith D.L. Smiley M.L. Heiman Characterization of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) binding to cloned porcine GHRH receptor Peptides 16 1995 1469 1473
52. K. Hermansen A.M. Kappelgaard Characterization of growth hormone-releasing hormone stimulation of the endocrine pancreas: Studies with alpha- and beta-adrenergic and cholinergic antagonists Acta Endocrinol. 114 1987 589 594
53. R. Horikawa P. Hellmann S.G. Cella A. Torsello R.N. Day E.E. Muller M.O. Thorner Growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) regulates expression of its own receptor Endocrinology 137 1996 2642 2645
54. H.M. Hsiung D.P. Smith X.Y. Zhang T. Bennett R.P. Rosteck Jr. M.H. Lai Structure and functional expression of a complementary DNA for porcine growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor Neuropeptides 25 1993 1 10
55. W.C. Huhn M.L. Hartman S.S. Pezzoli M.O. Thorner Twenty-four-hour growth hormone (GH)-releasing peptide (GHRP) infusion enhances pulsatile GH secretion and specifically attenuates the response to a subsequent GHRP bolus J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 76 1993 1202 1208
56. G. Iguchi Y. Okimura T. Takahashi I. Mizuno M. Fumoto Y. Takahashi H. Kaji H. Abe K. Chihara Pit-1 stimulates human GHRH receptor gene expression. Proceedings of the 80th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society New Orleans 1998 P3 P639
57. S. Ikuyama S. Natori H. Nawata K. Kato H. Ibayashi T. Kariya T. Sakai J. Rivier W. Vale Characterization of growth hormone-releasing hormone receptors in pituitary adenomas from patients with acromegaly J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 66 1988 1265 1271
58. H.A. Ingraham R.P. Chen H.J. Mangalam H.P. Elsholtz S.E. Flynn C.R. Lin D.M. Simmons L. Swanson M.G. Rosenfeld A tissue-specific transcription factor containing a homeodomain specifies a pituitary phenotype Cell 55 1988 519 529
59. J.O. Jansson S. Eden O. Isaksson Sexual dimorphism in the control of growth hormone secretion Endocr. Rev. 6 1985 128 150
60. J.O. Jansson T.R. Downs W.G. Beamer L.A. Frohman Receptor-associated resistance to growth hormone-releasing factor in dwarf “little” mice Science 232 1986 511 512
61. J. Kamegai T.G. Unterman L.A. Frohman R.D. Kineman Hypothalamic/pituitary-axis of the spontaneous dwarf rat: Autofeedback regulation of growth hormone (GH) includes suppression of GH releasing-hormone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid Endocrinology 139 1988 3554 3560
62. H. Katakami T.R. Downs L.A. Frohman Decreased hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing hormone content and pituitary responsiveness in hypothyroidism J. Clin. Invest. 77 1986 1704 1711
63. S. Kato H. Sasaki M. Suzawa S. Masushige L. Tora P. Chambon H. Gronemeyer Widely spaced, directly repeated PuGGTCA elements act as promiscuous enhancers for different classes of nuclear receptors Mol. Cell. Biol. 15 1995 5858 5867
64. L.F. Kolakowski J. Zhuang The G Protein-Coupled Receptor Database 1999 http://www.gcrdb.uthsesa.edu/
65. A.I. Korytko L. Cuttler Thyroid hormone and glucocorticoid regulation of pituitary growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor gene expression J. Endocrinol. 152 1997 R13 R17
66. A.I. Korytko P. Zeitler L. Cuttler Developmental regulation of pituitary growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor gene expression in the rat Endocrinology 137 1996 1326 1331
67. K.S. Lam M.F. Lee S.P. Tam G. Srivastava Gene expression of the receptor for growth-hormone-releasing hormone is physiologically regulated by glucocorticoids and estrogen Neuroendocrinology 63 1996 475 480
68. C.A. Landis S.B. Masters A. Spada A.M. Pace H.R. Bourne L. Vallar GTPase inhibiting mutations activate the alpha chain of Gs and stimulate adenylyl cyclase in human pituitary tumours Nature 340 1989 692 696
69. F.P. Lemaigre S.J. Courtois D.A. Lafontaine G.G. Rousseau Evidence that the upstream stimulatory factor and the Sp1 transcription factor bind in vitro to the promoter of the human-growth-hormone gene Eur. J. Biochem. 181 1989 555 561
70. T.C. Leone S. Cresci M.E. Carter Z. Zhang D.S. Lala A.W. Strauss D.P. Kelly The human medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase gene promoter consists of a complex arrangement of nuclear receptor response elements and Spl binding sites J. Biol. Chem. 270 1995 24622
71. S. Li E.B.D. Crenshaw E.J. Rawson D.M. Simmons L.W. Swanson M.G. Rosenfeld Dwarf locus mutants lacking three pituitary cell types result from mutations in the POU-domain gene pit-1 Nature 347 1990 528 533
72. C. Lin S.C. Lin C.P. Chang M.G. Rosenfeld Pit-1-dependent expression of the receptor for growth hormone releasing factor mediates pituitary cell growth Nature 360 1992 765 768 [see comments]
73. S.C. Lin C.R. Lin I. Gukovsky A.J. Lusis P.E. Sawchenko M.G. Rosenfeld Molecular basis of the little mouse phenotype and implications for cell typespecific growth Nature 364 1993 208 213
74. M.B.S. Lopes B.D. Gaylinn M.O. Thorner M.H. Stoler Growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor mRNA in acromegalic pituitary tumors Am. J. Pathol. 150 1997 1885 1891
75. 2+, concentration and growth hormone (GH) release from purified rat somatotrophs. III. Mechanism of action of GH-releasing factor and somatostatin Endocrinology 128 1991 592 603
76. i Endocrinology 128 1991 570 582
77. H.G. Maheshwari G. Baumann Genomic organization and structure of the human growth hormone-releasing hormone-receptor gene Proceedings of the 79th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society Minneapolis, MN 1997 P1 P86
78. H.G. Maheshwari A. Shen G. Baumann Structural and functional characterization of the promoter of the human growth hormone releasing hormone receptor gene Proceedings of the 80th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society New Orleans 1998 P2 P210
79. H.G. Maheshwari B.L. Silverman J. Dupuis G. Baumann Phenotype and genetic analysis of a syndrome caused by an inactivating mutation in the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor: Dwarfism of Sindh J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83 1998 4065 4074
80. A.N. Margioris G. Brockmann H.C. Bohler Jr. M. Grino N. Vamvakopoulos G.P. Chrousos Expression and localization of growth hormone-releasing hormone messenger ribonucleic acid in rat placenta: In vitro secretion and regulation of its peptide product Endocrinology 126 1990 151 158
81. S. Matsubara M. Sato M. Mizobuchi M. Niimi J. Takahara Differential gene expression of growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone (GRH) and GRH receptor in various rat tissues Endocrinology 136 1995 4147 4150
82. K.E. Mayo Molecular cloning and expression of a pituitary-specific receptor for growth hormone-releasing hormone Mol. Endocrinol. 6 1992 1734 1744
83. K.E. Mayo R.E. Hammer L.W. Swanson R.L. Brinster M.G. Rosenfeld R.M. Evans Dramatic pituitary hyperplasia in transgenic mice expressing a human growth hormone-releasing factor gene Mol. Endocrinol. 2 1988 606 612
84. K.E. Mayo P.A. Godfrey S.T. Suhr D.J. Kulik J.O. Rahal Growth hormone-releasing hormone: Synthesis and signaling Recent Prog. Horm. Res. 50 1995 35 73
85. K.E. Mayo T.L. Miller V. DeAlmeida J. Zheng P.A. Godfrey The growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor: Signal transduction, gene expression, and physiological function in growth regulation Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 805 1996 184 203
86. N. Miki M. Ono Y. Murata E. Ohsaki K. Tamitsu T. Ri H. Demura M. Yamada Thyroid hormone regulation of gene expression of the pituitary growth hormone-releasing factor receptor Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 217 1995 1087 1093
87. N. Miki M. Ono Y. Murata E. Ohsaki K. Tamitsu M. Yamada H. Demura Regulation of pituitary growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 224 1996 586 590
88. T.L. Miller K.E. Mayo Glucocorticoids regulate pituitary growth hormonereleasing hormone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid expression Endocrinology 138 1997 2458 2465
89. T.L. Miller K.E. Mayo Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) receptor mRNA regulation in rat pituitary cells Proceedings of the 79th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society Minneapolis, MN 1997 P1 P79
90. M. Mizobuchi M.A. Frohman T.R. Downs L.A. Frohman Tissue-specific transcription initiation and effects of growth hormone (GH) deficiency on the regulation of mouse and rat GH-releasing hormone gene in hypothalamus and placenta Mol. Endocrinol. 5 1991 476 484
91. C. Moretti A. Bagnato N. Solan G. Frajese K.J. Catt Receptor-mediated actions of growth hormone releasing factor on granulosa cell differentiation Endocrinology 127 1990 2117 2126
92. T. Motomura K. Hashimoto M. Koga N. Arita T. Hayakawa T. Kishimoto S. Kasayama Inhibition of signal transduction by a splice variant of the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor expressed in human pituitary adenomas Metabolism 47 1998 804 808
93. I. Netchine P. Talon F. Dastot F. Vitaux N. Goossens S. Amselem Extensive phenotypic analysis of a family with growth hormone (GH) deficiency caused by a mutation in the GH-releasing hormone receptor gene J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83 1998 432 436
94. J. Norris D. Fan C. Aleman J.R. Marks P.A. Futreal R.W. Wiseman J.D. Iglehart P.L. Deininger D.P. McDonnell Identification of a new subclass of Alu DNA repeats which can function as estrogen receptor-dependent transcriptional enhancers J. Biol. Chem. 270 1995 22777 22782
95. F. Obal Jr. P. Alfoldi A.B. Cady L. Johannsen G. Sary J.M. Krueger Growth hormone-releasing factor enhances sleep in rats and rabbits Am. J. Physiol. 255 1988 R310 R316
96. F. Obal Jr. L. Payne L. Kapas M. Opp J.M. Krueger Inhibition of growth hormone-releasing factor suppresses both sleep and growth hormone secretion in the rat Brain Res. 557 1991 149 153
97. T. Ohyama M. Sato H. Ohye K. Murao M. Niimi J. Takahara Effects of adrenalectomy and glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, RU38486, on pituitary growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor gene expression in rats Peptides 19 1988 1063 1067
98. S.R. Ojeda H.E. Jameson Developmental patterns of plasma and pituitary growth hormone (GH) in the female rat Endocrinology 100 1977 881 889
99. M. Ono N. Miki Y. Murata E. Osaki K. Tamitsu T. Ri M. Yamada H. Demura Sexually dimorphic expression of pituitary growth hormone-releasing factor receptor in the rat Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 216 1995 1060 1066
100. M. Parenti A. Dall'ara L. Rusconi D. Cocchi E.E. Muller Different regulation of growth hormone-releasing factor-sensitive adenylate cyclase in the anterior pituitary of young and aged rats Endocrinology 121 1987 1649 1653
101. J. Parma L. Duprez J. Van Sande P. Cochaux C. Gervy J. Mockel J. Dumont G. Vassart Somatic mutations in the thyrotropin receptor gene cause hyperfunctioning thyroid adenomas Nature 365 1993 649 651
102. O.H. Pescovitz N.B. Johnson S.A. Berry Ontogeny of growth hormone releasing hormone and insulin-like growth factors-I and -II messenger RNA in rat placenta Pediatr Res. 29 1991 510 516
103. S. Petersenn M. Heyens H.M. Schulte Transcriptional activity of several deletion constructs of the human GHRH receptor promoter in a pituitary cell model Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of Endocrinology San Francisco, CA 1996 P1 P623
104. S. Petersenn A.C. Rasch M. Heyens H.M. Schulte Structure and regulation of the human growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor gene Mol. Endocrinol. 12 1998 233 247
105. P.M. Plotsky W. Vale Patterns of growth hormone-releasing factor and somatostatin secretion into the hypophysial-portal circulation of the rat Science 230 1985 461 463
106. P.J. Rosenfeld T.J. Kelly Purification of nuclear factor I by DNA recognition site affinity chromatography J. Biol. Chem. 261 1986 1398 1408 [published erratum appears in J. Biol. Chem. 261 10015 (1986)]
107. E. Schipani K. Kruse H. Juppner A constitutively active mutant PTHPTHrP receptor in Jansen-type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia Science 268 1995 98 100
108. A. Sehgal N. Patil M. Chao A constitutive promoter directs expression of the nerve growth factor receptor gene Mol. Cell. Biol. 8 1988 3160 3167
109. H. Seifert M. Perrin J. Rivier W. Vale Binding sites for growth hormone releasing factor on rat anterior pituitary cells Nature 313 1985 487 489
110. A. Shenker L. Laue S. Kosugi J.J. Merendino Jr. T. Minegishi G.B. Cutler Jr. A constitutively activating mutation of the luteinizing hormone receptor in familial male precocious puberty Nature 365 1993 652 654
111. A.R. Shepard W. Zhang N.L. Eberhardt Two CGTCA motifs and a GHF1/Pit1 binding site mediate cAMP-dependent protein kinase A regulation of human growth hormone gene expression in rat anterior pituitary GC cells J. Biol. Chem. 269 1994 1804 1814
112. T. Shibasaki Y. Kiyosawa A. Masuda M. Nakahara T. Imaki I. Wakabayashi H. Demura K. Shizume N. Ling Distribution of growth hormone-releasing hormone-like immunoreactivity in human tissue extracts J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 59 1984 263 268
113. D.M. Simmons J.W. Voss H.A. Ingraham J.M. Holloway R.S. Broide M.G. Rosenfeld L.W. Swanson Pituitary cell phenotypes involve cell-specific Pit1 mRNA translation and synergistic interactions with other classes of transcription factors Genes Deu. 4 1990 695 711
114. M.A. Smith W.W. Vale Superfusion of rat anterior pituitary cells attached to Cytodex beads: Validation of a technique Endocrinology 107 1980 1425 1431
115. A. Stephanou R.A. Knight S.L. Lightman Production of a growth hormone-releasing hormone-like peptide and its mRNA by human lymphocytes Neuroendocrinology 53 1991 628 633
116. U. Strahle W. Schmid G. Schutz Synergistic action of the glucocorticoid receptor with transcription factors EMBO J. 7 1988 3389 3395
117. R.S. Struthers W.W. Vale C. Arias P.E. Sawchenko M.R. Montminy Somatotroph hypoplasia and dwarfism in transgenic mice expressing a non-phosphorylatable CREB mutant Nature 350 1991 622 624
118. D.A. Sukovich R. Mukherjee P.A. Benfield A novel, cell-type-specific mechanism for estrogen receptor-mediated gene activation in the absence of an estrogenresponsive element Mol. Cell. Biol. 14 1994 7134 7143
119. T. Takahashi Y. Okimura K. Yoshimura Y. Shigeyoshi H. Kaji H. Abe K. Chihara Regional distribution of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) receptor mRNA in the rat brain Endocrinology 136 1995 4721 4724
120. T. Takahashi Y. Okimura I. Mizuno H. Kaji H. Abe K. Chihara Cloning of 5'-flanking region of human growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor gene Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of Endocrinology San Francisco, CA 1996 P1 P621
121. M. Tamaki M. Sato S. Matsubara Y. Wada J. Takahara Dexamethasone increases growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone (GRH) receptor mRNA levels in cultured rat anterior pituitary cells J. Neuroendocrinol. 8 1996 475 480
122. J. Tang G. Lagace J. Castagne R. Collu Identification of human growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor splicing variants J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 80 1995 2381 2387
123. S. Teurich P. Angel The glucocorticoid receptor synergizes with Jun homodimers to activate AP-1-regulated promoters lacking GR binding sites Chem. Senses 20 1995 251 255
124. J.H. Thakore T.G. Dinan Growth hormone secretion: The role of glucocorticoids Life Sci. 55 1994 1083 1099
125. W. Vale J. Vaughan G. Yamamoto J. Spiess J. Rivier Effects of synthetic human pancreatic (tumor) GH releasing factor and somatostatin, triiodothyronine and dexamethasone on GH secretion in vitro Endocrinology 112 1993 1553 1555
126. G. Velicelebi T.M. Santacroce M.M. Harpold Specific binding of synthetic human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor (1-40-OH) to bovine anterior pituitaries Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 126 1985 33 39
127. J.W. Voss L. Wilson M.G. Rosenfeld POU-domain proteins Pit-1 and Oct1 interact to form a heteromeric complex and can cooperate to induce expression of the prolactin promoter Genes Dev. 5 1991 1309 1320
128. M.P. Wajnrajch S.C. Chua E.D. Green R.L. Leibel Human growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRHR) maps to a YAC at chromosome 7p15 Mamm. Genome 5 1994 595
129. M.P. Wajnrajch J.M. Gertner M.D. Harbison S.C. Chua Jr. R.L. Leibel Nonsense mutation in the human growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor causes growth failure analogous to the little (lit) mouse Nat. Genet. 12 1996 88 90
130. M. Wegner D.W. Drolet M.G. Rosenfeld POU-domain proteins: Structure and function of developmental regulators Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 5 1993 488 498
131. W.B. Wehrenberg P. Brazeau R. Luben P. Bohlen R. Guillemin Inhibition of the pulsatile secretion of growth hormone by monoclonal antibodies to the hypothalamic growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) Endocrinology 111 1982 2147 2148
132. P. Zeitler P. Stevens G. Siriwardana Functional GHRH receptor carboxyl terminal isoforms in normal and dwarf (dw) rats J. Mol. Endocrinol. 21 1998 363 371
133. J.R. Zysk M.J. Cronin J.M. Anderson M.O. Thorner Cross-linking of a growth hormone releasing factor-binding protein in anterior pituitary cells J. Biol. Chem. 261 1986 16781 16784
134. J.R. Zysk B.D. Gaylinn C.E. Lyons B. Johnson C.M. Eppler W.R. Baumbach M.O. Thorner Purification of the growth hormone releasing hormone receptor with a C-terminal, biotinylated affinity ligand Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 221 1996 133 139