Large-scale chromatin unfolding and remodeling induced by VP16 acidic activation domain

Journal of Cell Biology

Volumn 145, Issue 7, 1999, Pages 1341-1354

  Tumbar, Tudorita ^a   Sudlow, Gail ^a   Belmont, Andrew S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

Author keywords

Chromatin; Chromosome; Green fluorescent protein; Transcription; VP16

Indexed keywords

GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; HISTONE; HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE; HYBRID PROTEIN; PROTEIN;

ACETYLATION; ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; CHINESE HAMSTER; CHROMATIN CONDENSATION; CHROMATIN STRUCTURE; CHROMOSOME BAND; HOUSEKEEPING GENE; IMAGE PROCESSING; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MICROSCOPY; MODEL; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DOMAIN; PROTEIN FOLDING; PROTEIN PURIFICATION; RNA ANALYSIS; TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION;

ACETYLATION; ACETYLTRANSFERASES; ANIMALS; BACTERIAL PROTEINS; CHO CELLS; CHROMATIN; CRICETINAE; ESCHERICHIA COLI PROTEINS; GENOME; HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS PROTEIN VMW65; HETEROCHROMATIN; HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASES; HISTONES; MOLECULAR CONFORMATION; OPERATOR REGIONS (GENETICS); RECOMBINANT FUSION PROTEINS; REPRESSOR PROTEINS; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE PROTEINS; TIME FACTORS; TRANS-ACTIVATION (GENETICS); TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC; TRANSFECTION;

ANIMALIA; CRICETINAE; CRICETULUS GRISEUS;

EID: 0033612538     PISSN: 00219525     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1083/jcb.145.7.1341     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Agard, D.A., Y. Hiraoka, P. Shaw, and J.W. Sedat. 1989. Fluorescence microscopy in three dimensions. Methods Cell Biol. 30:353-377.
2. Alberts, B., D. Bray, J. Lewis, M. Raff, K. Roberts, and J.D. Watson. 1994. Molecular Biology of the Cell. Garland Publishing, Inc., New York. 360-361.
3. Barlev, N., R. Candau, L. Wang, P. Darpino, N. Silverman, and S.L. Berger. 1995. Characterization of physical interactions of the putative transcriptional adaptor, ADA2, with acidic activation domain and TATA-binding protein. J. Biol. Chem. 270:19337-19344.
4. Belmont, A.S. 1997. Large-scale chromatin organization. In Genome Structure and Function. C. Nicolini, editor. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. 261-276.
5. Belmont, A.S., and K. Bruce. 1994. Visualization of G1 chromosomes: a folded, twisted, and supercoiled chromonema model of interphase chromatid structure. J. Cell Biol. 127:287-302.
6. Belmont, A.S., and A.F. Straight. 1998. In vivo visualization of chromosomes using lac operator-repressor binding. Trends Cell Biol. 8:121-124.
7. Belmont, A.S., M.B. Braunfeld, J.W. Sedat, and D.A. Agard. 1989. Large-scale chromatin structural domains within mitotic and interphase chromosomes in vivo and in vitro. Chromosoma. 98:129-143.
8. Bourgeois, C.A., F. Laquerriere, D. Hermon, J. Hubert, and M. Bouteille. 1985. New data on the in situ position of the inactive X chromosome in the interphase nucleus of human fibroblasts. Hum. Genet. 69:122-129.
9. Boy de la Tour, E., and U.K. Laemmli. 1988. The metaphase scaffold is helically folded: sister chromatids have predominantly opposite helical handedness. Cell. 55:937-944.
10. Brownell, J.E., J. Zhou, T. Ranalli, R. Kobayashi, D.G. Edmondson, S.Y. Roth, and C.D. Allis. 1996. Tetrahymena histone acetyltransferase A: a homolog to yeast GCN5 linking histone acetylation to gene activation. Cell. 84:843-851.
11. Candau, R., X. Zhou, C.D. Allis, and S.L. Berger. 1997. Histone acetyltransferase activity and interaction with ADA2 are critical for GCN5 function in vivo. EMBO (Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.) J. 16:555-565.
12. Chan, P.K. 1992. Characterization and cellular localization of nucleophosmin/B23 in Hela cells treated with selected cytotoxic agents (studies of B23-translocation mechanism). Exp. Cell Res. 203:174-181.
13. Chen, J., and K.S. Matthews. 1992. Deletion of lactose repressor carboxyl-terminal domain affects tetramer formation. J. Biol. Chem. 267:13843-13850.
14. Chuang, P.T., D.G. Albertson, and B.J. Meyer. 1994. DPY-27: a chromosome condensation protein homolog that regulates C. elegans dosage compensation complex through association with the X chromosome. Cell. 79:459-474.
15. Cremer, T., A. Kurz, R. Zirbel, S. Dietzel, B. Rinke, E. Schrock, M.R. Speicher, U. Mathieu, A. Jauch, P. Emmerich, et al. 1993. Role of chromosome territories in the functional compartmentalization of the cell nucleus. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 58:777-792.
16. Daneholt, B. 1992. The transcribed template and the transcription loop in Balbiani rings. Cell Biol. Int. Rep. 16:709-715.
17. DiFiglia, M., E. Sapp, K.O. Chase, S.W. Davies, G.P. Bates, J.P. Vonsattel, and N. Aronia. 1997. Aggregation of huntingtin in neuronal intranuclear inclusions and dystrophic neurites in brain. Science. 277:1990-1993.
18. Dillon, N., and F. Grosveld. 1994. Chromatin domains as potential units of eukaryotic gene function. Curr. Opin. Gen. Dev. 4:260-264.
19. Eissenberg, J.C., I.L. Cartwright, G.H. Thomas, and S.C.R. Elgin. 1985. Selected topics in chromatin structure. Annu. Rev. Genet. 19:485-536.
20. Ekwall, K., T. Olsson, B.M. Turner, G. Cranston, and R.C. Allshire. 1997. Transient inhibition of histone deacetylation alters the structural and functional imprint at fission yeast centromeres. Cell. 91:1021-1032.
21. Elgin, S.C.R, 1990. Chromatin structure and gene activity. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 2:437-445.
22. Ericsson, C., H. Mehlin, B. Bjorkroth, M.M. Lamb, and B. Daneholt. 1989. The ultrastructure of upstream and downstream regions of an active Balbiani Ring gene. Cell. 56:631-639.
23. Fakan, S., and W. Bernhard. 1971. Localization of rapidly and slowly labeled nuclear RNA as visualized by high resolution autoradiography. Exp. Cell Res. 67:129-141.
24. Fieck, A., D.L. Wyborski, and J.M. Short. 1992. Modifications of the E. coli Lac repressor for expression in eukaryotic cells: effects of nuclear signal sequences on protein activity and nuclear accumulation. Nucleic Acids Res. 20: 1785-1791.
25. Forrester, W.C., E. Epner, M.C. Driscoll, T. Enver, M. Brice, T. Papayannopoulou, and M. Groudine. 1990. A deletion of the human beta-globin locus activation region causes a major alteration in chromatin structure and replication across the entire beta-globin locus. Genes Dev. 4:1637-1649.
26. Goodrich, J.A., T. Hoey, C.J. Thut, A. Admon, and R. Tjian. 1993. Drosophila. TAFII40 interacts with both a VP16 activation domain and the basal transcription factor TFIIB. Cell. 75:519-530.
27. Grant, P.A., L. Duggan, J. Cote, S.M. Roberts, R. Brownell, R. Candau, R. Ohba, T. Owen-Hughes, C.D. Allis, F. Winston, S.L. Berger, and J.L. Workman. 1997. Yeast GCN5 functions in two multisubunit complexes to acetylate nucleosomal histones: characterization of an Ada complex and the SAGA (Spt/Ada) complexes. Genes Dev. 11:1640-1650.
28. Gupta, R., A. Emili, G. Pan, H. Xiao, M. Shales, J. Greenblatt, and C.J. Ingles. 1996. Characterization of the interaction between the acidic activation domain of VP16 and the RNA polymerase II initiation factor TFIIB. Nucleic Acids Res. 24:2324-2330.
29. Hebbes, T.R., A.W. Thorne, A.L. Clayton, and C. Crane-Robinson. 1994. Core histone hyperacetylation co-maps with generalized DNase1 sensitivity in the chicken beta-globin chromosomal domain. EMBO (Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.) J. 13:1823-1830.
30. Hiraoka, Y., J.R. Swedlow, M.R. Paddy, D.A. Agard, and J.W. Sedat. 1991. Three-dimensional multiple-wavelength fluorescence microscopy for the structural analysis of biological phenomena. Semin. Cell Biol. 2:153-165.
31. Igo-Kemenes, T., W. Horz, and H.G. Zachau. 1982. Chromatin. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 51:89-121.
32. Kingston, R.E., C.A. Bunker, and A.N. Imbalzano. 1996. Repression and activation by multiprotein complexes that alter chromatin structure. Genes Dev. 10:905-920.
33. Kuo, M., and D.C. Allis. 1998. Roles of histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases in gene regulation. Bioessays. 20:615-626.
34. Kuo, M.-H., J. Zhou, P. Jambeck, M.E.A. Churchill, and C.D. Allis. 1998. Histone acetyltransferase activity of yeast Gcn5p is required for the activation of target genes in vivo. Genes Dev. 12:627-639.
35. Labow, M.A., S.B. Baim, T. Shenk, and A.J. Levine. 1990. Conversion of the lac repressor into an allosterically regulated transcriptional activator for mammalian cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:3343-3356.
36. Lawrence, J.B., R.H. Singer, and J.A. McNeil. 1990. Interphase and metaphase resolution of different distances within the human dystrophin gene. Science. 249:928-932.
37. Li, G., G. Sudlow, and A.S. Belmont. 1998. Interphase cell cycle dynamics of a late replicating, heterochromatic homogeneously staining region: precise choreography of condensation/decondensation and intranuclear positioning. J. Cell Biol. 140:975-989.
38. Lieb, J.D., M.R. Albrecht, P.-T. Chuang, and B.J. Meyer. 1998. MIX-1: an essential component of the C. elegans mitotic machinery executes X chromosome dosage compensation. Cell. 92:265-277.
39. Manuelidis, L. 1990. A view of interphase chromosomes. Science. 250:1533-1540.
40. Manuelidis, L., and T.L. Chen. 1990. A unified model of eukaryotic chromosomes. Cytometry. 11:8-25.
41. Marcus, G.A., N. Silverman, S.L. Berger, J. Horiuchi, and L. Guarente. 1994. Functional similarity and physical association between GCN5 and Ada2: putative transcriptional adaptors. EMBO (Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.) J. 13:4807-4815.
42. Martin, D.I.K., S. Fiering, and M. Groudine. 1996. Regulation of beta-globin gene expression: straightening out the locus. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 6:488-495.
43. Milot, E., J. Strouboulis, T. Trimborn, M. Wijgerde, E. de Boer, A. Langeveld, K. Tan-Un, W. Vergeer, N. Yannoutsos, F. Grosveld, and P. Fraser. 1996. Heterochromatin effects on the frequency and duration of LCR-mediated gene transcription. Cell. 87:105-114.
44. Misteli, T., J.F. Caceres, and D. Spector. 1997. The dynamics of a pre-mRNA splicing factor in living cells. Nature. 387:523-527.
45. Nguyen, V.T., F. Giannoni, M.F. Dubois, S.J. Seo, M. Vigneron, C. Kedinger, and O. Bensaude. 1996. In vivo degradation of RNA polymerase II largest subunit triggered by alpha-amanitin. Nucleic Acids Res. 24:2924-2929.
46. Paulson, J.R., and U.K. Laemmli. 1977. The structure of histone depleted chromosomes. Cell. 12:817-828.
47. Paulson, H.L., M.K. Perez, Y. Trottier, H.Q. Trojanowski, S.H. Subramony, S.S. Das, P. Vig, J.L. Mandel, K.H. Fishbeck, and R.N. Pittman. 1997. Intranuclear inclusions of expanded polyglutamine protein in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. Neuron. 19:333-344.
48. Rattner, J.B., and C.C. Lin. 1985. Radial loops and helical coils coexist in metaphase chromosomes. Cell. 42:291-296.
49. Robinett, C.C., A. Straight, G. Li, C. Willhelm, G. Sudlow, A. Murray, and A.S. Belmont. 1996. In vivo localization of DNA sequences and visualization of large-scale chromatin organization using lac operator/repressor recognition. J. Cell Biol. 135:1685-1700.
50. Sadowski, I., J. Ma, S. Triezenberg, and M. Ptashne. 1988. GAL4-VP16 is an unusually potent transcriptional activator. Nature. 335:563-564.
51. Schellens, J.P.M., J. James, and K.A. Hoeber. 1979. Some aspects of the fine structure of the sex chromatin body. Biol. Cell. 35:11-14.
52. Straight, A.F., A.S. Belmont, C.C. Robinett, and A.W. Murray. 1996. GFP tagging of budding yeast chromosomes reveals that protein-protein interactions can mediate sister chromatid cohesion. Curr. Biol. 6:1599-1608.
53. Stringer, K.F., C.J. Ingles, and J. Greenblatt. 1990. Direct and selective binding of an acidic transcriptional activation domain to the TATA-box factor TFIID. Nature. 345:783-786.
54. Struhl, K. 1998. Histone acetylation and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Genes Dev. 12:599-606.
55. Svaren, J., and W. Horz. 1993. Histones, nucleosomes, and transcription. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 3:219-225.
56. Triezenberg, S.J., R.C. Kingsbury, and S.L. McKnight. 1988. Functional dissection of VP16, the transactivator of herpes simplex virus immediate early gene expression. Genes Dev. 2:718-729.
57. Urlaub, G., P.G. Mitchell, E. Kas, L.A. Chasin, V.L. Funanage, T.T. Myoda, and J. Hamlin. 1986. Effect of gamma rays at the dihydrofolate reductase locus: deletions and inversions. Somat. Cell Mol. Genet. 12:555-566.
58. Utley, R.T., K. Ikeda, P.A. Grant, J. Cote, D.J. Steger, A. Eberharter, S. John, and J.L. Workman. 1998. Transcriptional activators direct histone acetyltransferase complexes to nucleosomes. Nature. 394:498-502.
59. Walter, J., and M.D. Biggin. 1996. DNA binding specificity of two homeo-domain proteins in vitro and in Drosophila embryos. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93:2680-2685.
60. Wang, L., L. Liu, and S.L. Berger. 1998. Critical residues for histone acetylation by Gcn5, functioning in Ada and SAGA complexes, are also required for transcriptional function in vivo. Genes Dev. 12:640-653.
61. Wansink, D.G., W. Schul, I. van der Kraan, B. van Steensel, R. van Driel, and L. de Jong. 1993. Fluorescent labeling of nascent RNA reveals transcription by RNA polymerase II in domains scattered throughout the nucleus. J. Cell Biol. 122:283-293.
62. Wansink, D.G., O.C. Sibon, F.F. Cremers, R. van Driel, and L. de Jong. 1996. Ultrastructural localization of active genes in nuclei of A431 cells. J. Cell Biochem. 62:10-18.
63. Wolffe, A.P. 1997. Transcriptional regulation in a chromatin environment. In Genome Structure and Function. C. Nicolini, editor. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. 83-110.
64. Xiao, H., A. Pearson, B. Coulombe, R. Truant, S. Zhang, J.L. Regier, S.J. Triezenberg, D. Reinberg, O. Flores, C.J. Ingles, and J. Greenblatt. 1994. Binding of basal transcription factor TFIIH to the acidic activation domains of VP16 and p53. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:7013-7024.
65. Yokota, H., M.J. Singer, G.J. van den Engh, and B.J. Trask. 1997. Regional differences in the compaction of chromatin in human G0/G1 interphase nuclei. Chromosome Res. 5:157-166.