Heavy nitrogen in carbonatites of the Kola Peninsula: A possible signature of the deep mantle

Science

Volumn 286, Issue 5449, 1999, Pages 2488-2490

  Dauphas, Nicolas ^a   Marty, Bernard ^a,b  

^a CRPG CNRS   (France)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DE LORRAINE   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NITROGEN;

ARGON; CARBONATITE; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; MANTLE SOURCE; NITROGEN;

AIR ANALYSIS; ARTICLE; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; GEOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; ROCK;

EID: 0033601286     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.286.5449.2488     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. 22Ne ratios [M. Honda, I. McDougall, D. B. Patterson, A. Doulgeris, D. A. Clague, Nature 349, 149 (1991)].
2. 22Ne ratios [M. Honda, I. McDougall, D. B. Patterson, A. Doulgeris, D. A. Clague, Nature 349, 149 (1991)].
3. R. D. van der Hilst, S. Widiyantoro, E. R. Engdahl, Nature 386, 578 (1997).
4. K. Hirose, Y. Fei, Y. Ma, H.-K. Mao, Nature 397, 53 (1999).
5. A. W. Hofmann, Nature 385, 219 (1997).
6. air -1] × 1000.
7. M. Javoy, F. Pineau, D. Demaiffe, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 68, 399 (1984).
8. M. Javoy, F. Pineau, H. Delorme, Chem. Geol. 57, 41 (1986).
9. S. R. Boyd and C. T. Pillinger, Chem. Geol. 116, 43 (1994).
10. P. Cartigny, S. R. Boyd, J. W. Harris, M. Javoy, Terra Nova 9, 175 (1997).
11. B. Marty and F. Humbert, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 152, 101 (1997).
12. P. Cartigny, J. W. Harris, M. Javoy, Science 280, 1421 (1998)
13. P. Cartigny, J. W, Harris, D. Phillips, M. Girard, M. Javoy, Chem. Geol. 147, 147 (1998).
14. B. Marty and L Zimmermann, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 63, 3619 (1999).
15. M. Javoy, Geophys. Res. Lett. 24, 177 (1997); Chem. Geol. 147, 11 (1998).
16. M. Javoy, Geophys. Res. Lett. 24, 177 (1997); Chem. Geol. 147, 11 (1998).
17. N. Dauphas, F. Robert, B. Marty, Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 33, A38 (1998).
18. I. N. Tolstikhin and B. Marty, Chem. Geol. 147, 27 (1998).
19. K. E. Peters, R. E. Sweeney, I. R. Kaplan, Limnol. Oceanogr. 23, 598 (1978).
20. E. Wada, T. Kadonaga, S. Matsuo, Geochem. J. 9, 139 (1975).
21. Geophysical investigations [L. Bréger and B. Romanowicz, Science 282, 718 (1998); D. V. Helmberger, L. Wen. X. Ding, Nature 396, 251 (1998); S. A. Russell, T. Lay, E. J. Garnero, Nature 396, 255 (1998); H. Bijwaard and W. Spakman, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 166, 121 (1999)] together with geochemical investigations [R. J. Walker, J. W. Morgan, M. F. Horan, Science 269, 819 (1995); E. Widom and S. B. Shirey, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 142, 451 (1996); R. J. Walker et al., Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 61, 4799 (1997); A. D. Brandon, R. J. Walker, J. W. Morgan, M. D. Norman, H. M. Prichard, Science 280, 1570 (1998); J. E. Snow and G. Schmidt, Nature 391, 166 (1998); J. M. Bird, A. Meibom, R. Frei, T. F. Nägler, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 170, 83 (1999)] suggest that plumes emerge from the core-mantle boundary.
22. Geophysical investigations [L. Bréger and B. Romanowicz, Science 282, 718 (1998); D. V. Helmberger, L. Wen. X. Ding, Nature 396, 251 (1998); S. A. Russell, T. Lay, E. J. Garnero, Nature 396, 255 (1998); H. Bijwaard and W. Spakman, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 166, 121 (1999)] together with geochemical investigations [R. J. Walker, J. W. Morgan, M. F. Horan, Science 269, 819 (1995); E. Widom and S. B. Shirey, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 142, 451 (1996); R. J. Walker et al., Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 61, 4799 (1997); A. D. Brandon, R. J. Walker, J. W. Morgan, M. D. Norman, H. M. Prichard, Science 280, 1570 (1998); J. E. Snow and G. Schmidt, Nature 391, 166 (1998); J. M. Bird, A. Meibom, R. Frei, T. F. Nägler, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 170, 83 (1999)] suggest that plumes emerge from the core-mantle boundary.
23. Geophysical investigations [L. Bréger and B. Romanowicz, Science 282, 718 (1998); D. V. Helmberger, L. Wen. X. Ding, Nature 396, 251 (1998); S. A. Russell, T. Lay, E. J. Garnero, Nature 396, 255 (1998); H. Bijwaard and W. Spakman, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 166, 121 (1999)] together with geochemical investigations [R. J. Walker, J. W. Morgan, M. F. Horan, Science 269, 819 (1995); E. Widom and S. B. Shirey, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 142, 451 (1996); R. J. Walker et al., Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 61, 4799 (1997); A. D. Brandon, R. J. Walker, J. W. Morgan, M. D. Norman, H. M. Prichard, Science 280, 1570 (1998); J. E. Snow and G. Schmidt, Nature 391, 166 (1998); J. M. Bird, A. Meibom, R. Frei, T. F. Nägler, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 170, 83 (1999)] suggest that plumes emerge from the core-mantle boundary.
24. Geophysical investigations [L. Bréger and B. Romanowicz, Science 282, 718 (1998); D. V. Helmberger, L. Wen. X. Ding, Nature 396, 251 (1998); S. A. Russell, T. Lay, E. J. Garnero, Nature 396, 255 (1998); H. Bijwaard and W. Spakman, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 166, 121 (1999)] together with geochemical investigations [R. J. Walker, J. W. Morgan, M. F. Horan, Science 269, 819 (1995); E. Widom and S. B. Shirey, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 142, 451 (1996); R. J. Walker et al., Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 61, 4799 (1997); A. D. Brandon, R. J. Walker, J. W. Morgan, M. D. Norman, H. M. Prichard, Science 280, 1570 (1998); J. E. Snow and G. Schmidt, Nature 391, 166 (1998); J. M. Bird, A. Meibom, R. Frei, T. F. Nägler, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 170, 83 (1999)] suggest that plumes emerge from the core-mantle boundary.
25. Geophysical investigations [L. Bréger and B. Romanowicz, Science 282, 718 (1998); D. V. Helmberger, L. Wen. X. Ding, Nature 396, 251 (1998); S. A. Russell, T. Lay, E. J. Garnero, Nature 396, 255 (1998); H. Bijwaard and W. Spakman, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 166, 121 (1999)] together with geochemical investigations [R. J. Walker, J. W. Morgan, M. F. Horan, Science 269, 819 (1995); E. Widom and S. B. Shirey, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 142, 451 (1996); R. J. Walker et al., Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 61, 4799 (1997); A. D. Brandon, R. J. Walker, J. W. Morgan, M. D. Norman, H. M. Prichard, Science 280, 1570 (1998); J. E. Snow and G. Schmidt, Nature 391, 166 (1998); J. M. Bird, A. Meibom, R. Frei, T. F. Nägler, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 170, 83 (1999)] suggest that plumes emerge from the core-mantle boundary.
26. Geophysical investigations [L. Bréger and B. Romanowicz, Science 282, 718 (1998); D. V. Helmberger, L. Wen. X. Ding, Nature 396, 251 (1998); S. A. Russell, T. Lay, E. J. Garnero, Nature 396, 255 (1998); H. Bijwaard and W. Spakman, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 166, 121 (1999)] together with geochemical investigations [R. J. Walker, J. W. Morgan, M. F. Horan, Science 269, 819 (1995); E. Widom and S. B. Shirey, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 142, 451 (1996); R. J. Walker et al., Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 61, 4799 (1997); A. D. Brandon, R. J. Walker, J. W. Morgan, M. D. Norman, H. M. Prichard, Science 280, 1570 (1998); J. E. Snow and G. Schmidt, Nature 391, 166 (1998); J. M. Bird, A. Meibom, R. Frei, T. F. Nägler, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 170, 83 (1999)] suggest that plumes emerge from the core-mantle boundary.
27. Geophysical investigations [L. Bréger and B. Romanowicz, Science 282, 718 (1998); D. V. Helmberger, L. Wen. X. Ding, Nature 396, 251 (1998); S. A. Russell, T. Lay, E. J. Garnero, Nature 396, 255 (1998); H. Bijwaard and W. Spakman, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 166, 121 (1999)] together with geochemical investigations [R. J. Walker, J. W. Morgan, M. F. Horan, Science 269, 819 (1995); E. Widom and S. B. Shirey, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 142, 451 (1996); R. J. Walker et al., Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 61, 4799 (1997); A. D. Brandon, R. J. Walker, J. W. Morgan, M. D. Norman, H. M. Prichard, Science 280, 1570 (1998); J. E. Snow and G. Schmidt, Nature 391, 166 (1998); J. M. Bird, A. Meibom, R. Frei, T. F. Nägler, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 170, 83 (1999)] suggest that plumes emerge from the core-mantle boundary.
28. Geophysical investigations [L. Bréger and B. Romanowicz, Science 282, 718 (1998); D. V. Helmberger, L. Wen. X. Ding, Nature 396, 251 (1998); S. A. Russell, T. Lay, E. J. Garnero, Nature 396, 255 (1998); H. Bijwaard and W. Spakman, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 166, 121 (1999)] together with geochemical investigations [R. J. Walker, J. W. Morgan, M. F. Horan, Science 269, 819 (1995); E. Widom and S. B. Shirey, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 142, 451 (1996); R. J. Walker et al., Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 61, 4799 (1997); A. D. Brandon, R. J. Walker, J. W. Morgan, M. D. Norman, H. M. Prichard, Science 280, 1570 (1998); J. E. Snow and G. Schmidt, Nature 391, 166 (1998); J. M. Bird, A. Meibom, R. Frei, T. F. Nägler, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 170, 83 (1999)] suggest that plumes emerge from the core-mantle boundary.
29. Geophysical investigations [L. Bréger and B. Romanowicz, Science 282, 718 (1998); D. V. Helmberger, L. Wen. X. Ding, Nature 396, 251 (1998); S. A. Russell, T. Lay, E. J. Garnero, Nature 396, 255 (1998); H. Bijwaard and W. Spakman, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 166, 121 (1999)] together with geochemical investigations [R. J. Walker, J. W. Morgan, M. F. Horan, Science 269, 819 (1995); E. Widom and S. B. Shirey, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 142, 451 (1996); R. J. Walker et al., Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 61, 4799 (1997); A. D. Brandon, R. J. Walker, J. W. Morgan, M. D. Norman, H. M. Prichard, Science 280, 1570 (1998); J. E. Snow and G. Schmidt, Nature 391, 166 (1998); J. M. Bird, A. Meibom, R. Frei, T. F. Nägler, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 170, 83 (1999)] suggest that plumes emerge from the core-mantle boundary.
30. Geophysical investigations [L. Bréger and B. Romanowicz, Science 282, 718 (1998); D. V. Helmberger, L. Wen. X. Ding, Nature 396, 251 (1998); S. A. Russell, T. Lay, E. J. Garnero, Nature 396, 255 (1998); H. Bijwaard and W. Spakman, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 166, 121 (1999)] together with geochemical investigations [R. J. Walker, J. W. Morgan, M. F. Horan, Science 269, 819 (1995); E. Widom and S. B. Shirey, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 142, 451 (1996); R. J. Walker et al., Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 61, 4799 (1997); A. D. Brandon, R. J. Walker, J. W. Morgan, M. D. Norman, H. M. Prichard, Science 280, 1570 (1998); J. E. Snow and G. Schmidt, Nature 391, 166 (1998); J. M. Bird, A. Meibom, R. Frei, T. F. Nägler, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 170, 83 (1999)] suggest that plumes emerge from the core-mantle boundary.
31. 15N values in basalt glasses from Loihi seamount, but also positive and negative values for MORBs. These results are inconclusive because there was no simultaneous control of shallow contamination by argon isotopes (10, 73).
32. B. Marty et al., Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 164, 179 (1998).
33. U. Kramm, L. N. Kogarko, V. A. Kononova, H. Vartiainen, Lithos 30, 33 (1993).
34. A. A. Kukharenko et al., The Caledonian Complex of Ultrabasic Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the Kola Peninsula and Northern Karelia (Nedra, Moscow, 1965).
35. 36Ar was measured by ion counting after amplification by an electron multiplier.
36. 22Ne ratio measured so far in mantle rocks [M. Ozima and S. Zashu, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 52, 19 (1988)] is dose to the solar ratio [J.-P. Benkert, H. Baur, P. Signer, R. Wieler, J. Geophys. Res. 98, 13147 (1993)] and is much higher than any other known component such as Ne-E [M. H. A. Jungck and P. Eberhardt, Meteoritics 14, 439 (1979)], cosmogenic Ne [E. Mazor, D. Heymann, E. Anders, Ceochim. Cosmochim. Acta 34, 781 (1970)]. Ne-A [M. Tang and E. Anders, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 52, 1245 (1988)], or Ne-Q [R. Wieler, E. Anders, H. Baur, R. S. Lewis, P. Signer, Ceochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 2907 (1992)].
37. 22Ne ratio measured so far in mantle rocks [M. Ozima and S. Zashu, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 52, 19 (1988)] is dose to the solar ratio [J.-P. Benkert, H. Baur, P. Signer, R. Wieler, J. Geophys. Res. 98, 13147 (1993)] and is much higher than any other known component such as Ne-E [M. H. A. Jungck and P. Eberhardt, Meteoritics 14, 439 (1979)], cosmogenic Ne [E. Mazor, D. Heymann, E. Anders, Ceochim. Cosmochim. Acta 34, 781 (1970)]. Ne-A [M. Tang and E. Anders, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 52, 1245 (1988)], or Ne-Q [R. Wieler, E. Anders, H. Baur, R. S. Lewis, P. Signer, Ceochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 2907 (1992)].
38. 22Ne ratio measured so far in mantle rocks [M. Ozima and S. Zashu, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 52, 19 (1988)] is dose to the solar ratio [J.-P. Benkert, H. Baur, P. Signer, R. Wieler, J. Geophys. Res. 98, 13147 (1993)] and is much higher than any other known component such as Ne-E [M. H. A. Jungck and P. Eberhardt, Meteoritics 14, 439 (1979)], cosmogenic Ne [E. Mazor, D. Heymann, E. Anders, Ceochim. Cosmochim. Acta 34, 781 (1970)]. Ne-A [M. Tang and E. Anders, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 52, 1245 (1988)], or Ne-Q [R. Wieler, E. Anders, H. Baur, R. S. Lewis, P. Signer, Ceochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 2907 (1992)].
39. 22Ne ratio measured so far in mantle rocks [M. Ozima and S. Zashu, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 52, 19 (1988)] is dose to the solar ratio [J.-P. Benkert, H. Baur, P. Signer, R. Wieler, J. Geophys. Res. 98, 13147 (1993)] and is much higher than any other known component such as Ne-E [M. H. A. Jungck and P. Eberhardt, Meteoritics 14, 439 (1979)], cosmogenic Ne [E. Mazor, D. Heymann, E. Anders, Ceochim. Cosmochim. Acta 34, 781 (1970)]. Ne-A [M. Tang and E. Anders, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 52, 1245 (1988)], or Ne-Q [R. Wieler, E. Anders, H. Baur, R. S. Lewis, P. Signer, Ceochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 2907 (1992)].
40. 22Ne ratio measured so far in mantle rocks [M. Ozima and S. Zashu, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 52, 19 (1988)] is dose to the solar ratio [J.-P. Benkert, H. Baur, P. Signer, R. Wieler, J. Geophys. Res. 98, 13147 (1993)] and is much higher than any other known component such as Ne-E [M. H. A. Jungck and P. Eberhardt, Meteoritics 14, 439 (1979)], cosmogenic Ne [E. Mazor, D. Heymann, E. Anders, Ceochim. Cosmochim. Acta 34, 781 (1970)]. Ne-A [M. Tang and E. Anders, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 52, 1245 (1988)], or Ne-Q [R. Wieler, E. Anders, H. Baur, R. S. Lewis, P. Signer, Ceochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 2907 (1992)].
41. 22Ne ratio measured so far in mantle rocks [M. Ozima and S. Zashu, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 52, 19 (1988)] is dose to the solar ratio [J.-P. Benkert, H. Baur, P. Signer, R. Wieler, J. Geophys. Res. 98, 13147 (1993)] and is much higher than any other known component such as Ne-E [M. H. A. Jungck and P. Eberhardt, Meteoritics 14, 439 (1979)], cosmogenic Ne [E. Mazor, D. Heymann, E. Anders, Ceochim. Cosmochim. Acta 34, 781 (1970)]. Ne-A [M. Tang and E. Anders, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 52, 1245 (1988)], or Ne-Q [R. Wieler, E. Anders, H. Baur, R. S. Lewis, P. Signer, Ceochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 2907 (1992)].
42. M. Moreira, J. Kunz, C.-J. Allègre, Science 279, 1178 (1998).
43. B. Marty, Nature 377, 326 (1995).
44. 2/Ar ratios in mantle vesicles do not correlate with any index of partial melting or degassing, which suggests a comparable behavior of Ar and N. Because Ar is incompatible, this element and by inference N are thoroughly extracted from the mantle during magma genesis and subsequent degassing (70, 13, 27).
45. U. Kramm, Eur. J. Mineral. 5, 985 (1993).
46. P. Richet, Y. Bottinga, M. Javoy, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 5, 65 (1977).
47. K. Hashizume, T. Kase, J. Matsuda, H. Sato, Kazan 42, S293 (1997).
48. J. Matsuda et al., Science 259, 788 (1993).
49. P. Sarda, M. Moreira, T. Staudacher, Science 283, 666 (1999).
50. V. Beaumont and F. Robert, Precambrian Res. 96, 63 (1999).
51. F. Humbert, B. Marty, G. Libourel, Lunar Planet. Sci. XXX, 1955 (1999).
52. S. J. Sheather and M.C. Jones, J. R. Stat. Soc. B 53, 683 (1991).
53. A. W. Bowman and A. Azzalini, Applied Smoothing Techniques for Data Analysis: the Kernel Approach With S-Plus Illustrations (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 1997).
54. We thank I. N. Tolstikhin for providing us with these unique samples; K. Hashizume and S. R. Boyd for insightful discussions; and L. Zimmermann, P. Robert, and G. Sauder for help in keeping the mass spectrometer in fine shape. This is contribution 1434 of the Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques.