Seismic evidence that the source of the Iceland hotspot lies at the core-mantle boundary

Nature

Volumn 396, Issue 6708, 1998, Pages 251-255

  Helmberger, D V ^a   Wen, L ^a   Ding, X ^a  

^a CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CORE-MANTLE BOUNDARY; HOT SPOT; MANTLE PLUME; SEISMIC VELOCITY;

ARTICLE; GEOLOGY; ICELAND; PLUME DISPERSION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; ROCK; VEGETATION; VOLCANO;

ICELAND;

EID: 0032548153     PISSN: 00280836     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/24357     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Morgan, J. W. Convection plumes in the lower mantle. Nature 230, 42-43 (1971).
2. Olson, P., Schubert, G. & Anderson, C. Plume formation in the D″-layer and the roughness of the core-mantle boundary. Nature 327, 409-413 (1987).
3. Wolfe, C. J., Bjarnason, I. T., VanDecar, J. C. & Solomon, S. C. Seismic structure of the Iceland mantle plume. Nature 385, 245-247 (1997).
4. Nataf, H.-C. & VanDecar, J. C. Seismological detection of a mantle plume? Nature 264, 115-120 (1993).
5. Wen, L. & Helmberger, D. V. A 2D P-SV hybrid method and its applciation to modeling localized structures near the core-mantle boundary. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 17901-17918 (1998).
6. Kind, R. & Müller, G. Computations of SV waves in realistic earth models. J. Geophys. Res. 41, 149-172 (1975).
7. Garnero, E. J., Grand, S. P. & Helmberger, D. V. Low P-wave velocity at the base of the mantle. Geophys. Res. Lett. 20, 1843-1846 (1993).
8. Garnero, E. J. & Helmberger, D. V. Seismic detection of a thin laterally varying boundary layer at the base of the mantle beneath the central Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 977-980 (1996).
9. Liu, X.-F. & Dziewonski, A. M. Lowermost mantle shear wave velocity structure (abstr.) Eos 75, 663 (1994).
10. Schweitzer, J. & Müller, G. Anomalous difference travel times and amplitude ratios of SKS and SKKS from Tonga-Fiji events. Geophys. Res. Lett. 13, 1529-1532 (1986).
11. Garnero, E. J. & Helmberger, D. V. A very slow basal layer underlying large-scale low-velocity anomalies in the lower mantle beneath the Pacific: evidence from core phases. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 91, 161-176 (1995).
12. Garnero, E. J. & Helmberger, D. V. Further structural constraints and uncertainties of a thin laterally varying ultralow-velocity layer at the base of the mantle. J. Geophys. Res 103, 12495-12509 (1998).
13. Helmberger, D. V., Zhao, L.-S. & Garnero, E. J. in Seismic Modeling of the Earth Structure (eds Boschi, E., Ekstrom, G. & Morelli, A.) 183-222 (North-Holland, New York, 1996).
14. Helmberger, D. V., Garnero, E. J. & Ding, X. Modeling two-dimensional structure at the core-mantle boundary. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 13963-13972 (1996).
15. Helmberger, D. V., Wen, L. & Ding, X. Extremes in CMB structure beneath Europe and Africa. Eos 78, 46 (1997).
16. Jeanloz, R. & Garnero, E. J. Interpretation of D″ and the core-mantle boundary region. Eos 78, 46 (1997).
17. CP precursor. J. Geophys. Res. 100, 20359-20365 (1995).
18. Revenaugh, J. & Meyer, R. Seismic evidence of partial melt within a possibly ubiquitous low-velocity layer at the base of the mantle. Science 277, 670-673 (1997).
19. Vidale, J. E. & Hedlin, M. A. Intense scattering at the core-mantle boundary north of Tonga: evidence for partial melt. Nature 391, 682-684 (1998).
20. Wen, L. & Helmberger, D. V. Ultra-low velocity zones near the core-mantle boundary from broadband PKP precursors. Science 279, 1701-1703 (1998).
21. Williams, Q. & Garnero, E. J. Seismic evidence for partial melt at the base of Earth's mantle. Science 273, 1528-1530 (1996).
22. 4 at the core-mantle boundary of the Earth. Science 275, 1623-1625 (1997).
23. Shen, Y., Soloman, S., Bjarnason, I. T. & Purdy, G. Hot mantle transition zone beneath Iceland and the adjacent mid-Atlantic Ridge inferred from P-to-S conversions at the 410-and 660-km discontinuities. Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 3527-3530 (1996).
24. Williams, Q., Revenaugh, J. & Garnero, E. J. A correlation between the hot spot distribution and ultra-low basal velocities in the mantle. Science 281, 549-564 (1998).
25. Dziewonski, A. M. & Anderson, D. L. Preliminary reference earth model (PREM). Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 25, 297-356 (1981).
26. Grand, S. P., van der Hilst, R. D. & Widiyantoro, S. Global seismic tomography: A snapshot of convection in the Earth. GSA Today 7, 1-7 (1997).