New perspectives on the management of low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol

Archives of Internal Medicine

Volumn 159, Issue 10, 1999, Pages 1049-1057

  Harper, Charles R ^a   Jacobson, Terry A ^a,b  

^a EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BEZAFIBRATE; GEMFIBROZIL; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; NICOTINIC ACID;

ATHEROGENESIS; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CORONARY ARTERY ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DIET THERAPY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; GASTROINTESTINAL TOXICITY; HUMAN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; NONHUMAN; PRIMARY PREVENTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; SECONDARY PREVENTION; TREATMENT PLANNING;

ANIMALS; ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENTS; CHOLESTEROL, HDL; CORONARY DISEASE; EXERCISE; HUMANS; HYPERLIPIDEMIAS; PATIENT SELECTION; RISK; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 0033599963     PISSN: 00039926     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/archinte.159.10.1049     Document Type: Review

References (64)

1. Castelli WP, Garrison RJ, Wilson PW, et al. Incidence of coronary heart disease and lipoprotein cholesterol levels. JAMA 1986;256:2835-2838.
2. Jacobs DR, Mebane IL, Bangdiwala SI, et al. High density lipoprotein cholesterol as a predictor of cardiovascular disease mortality in men and women: the follow-up study of the Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1990;131: 32-47.
3. Kannel WB, Castelli WP, Gordon T. Cholesterol in the prediction of atherosclerotic diseases: new perspectives on the Framingham Study. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90:85-91.
4. NIH Consensus Conference. Triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, and coronary heart disease. JAMA. 1993;269:505-510.
5. Lavie CJ, Mailander L, Milani RV. Marked benefit with sustained-release niacin therapy in patients with isolated very low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 1992;69:1083-1085.
6. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. National Cholesterol Education Program: second report ol the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel II). Circulation. 1994;89: 1329-1445.
7. Downs JR, Clearfield M, Weis S, et al. Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels. JAMA. 1998;279:1615-1622.
8. Gordon T, Castelli WP, Hjortland MC, et al. High density lipoprotein as a protective factor against coronary heart disease. Am J Med. 1977;62:707-714.
9. Gordon DJ, Probstfield JL, Garrison RJ, et al. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 1989;79:8-15.
10. Sempos CT, Cleeman JI, Carroll MD, etal. Prevalence of high blood cholesterol among US adults. JAMA. 1993;269:3009-3014.
11. Lamarche B, Despres J-P, Moorjani S, et al. Prevalence of dyslipidemic phenotypes in ischemic heart disease (prospective results from the Quebec Cardiovascular Study). Am J Cardiol. 1995;75:1189-1195.
12. Genest J, McNamara JR, Ordovas JM, et al. Lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I and B and lipoprotein (a) abnormalities in men with premature coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;19:792-802.
13. Genest JJ, Martin-Munley SS, McNamara JR, et al. Familial lipoprotein disorders in patients with premature coronary artery disease. Circulation. 1992;85:2025-2033.
14. Ginsburg GS, Safran C, Pasternak RC. Frequency of low serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in hospitalized patients with desirable tolal cholesterol levels. Am J Cardiol. 1991; 68:187-192.
15. Lien W, Lai L, Shyu K, et al. Low-serum, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration is an important coronary risk factor in Chinese patients with low serum levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride. Am J Cardiol. 1996;77:1112-1115.
16. Rubin EM, Krauss RM, Spangler EA, et al. Inhibition of early atherogenesis in transgenic mice by human apolipoprotein A1. Lett Nature. 1991; 353:265-267.
17. Plump AS, Scott CJ. Human apolipoprotein A-I gene expression increases high density lipoprotein and suppresses atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sd USA. 1994;91:9607-9611.
18. Badimon JJ, Badimon L, Fuster V. Regression of atherosclerotic lesions by high density lipoprotein plasma fraction in the cholesterol-fed rabbit. J Clin Invest. 1990;85:1234-1241.
19. Frick MN, Elo O, Haapa K, et al. Helsinki Heart Study: primary-prevention trial with gemfibrozil in middle-aged men with dyslipidemia. N Engl J Med. 1987;317:1237-1245.
20. Tall AR. Plasma high density lipoproteins. J Clin Invest. 1990;86:379-384.
21. Barter PJ, Rye KA. High density lipoproteins and coronary. Atherosclerosis. 1996;121:1-12.
22. Fernanez-Ortiz A, Fuster V. Pathophysiology of coronary artery disease: coronary artery disease in the elderly. Clin Geriatr Med. 1996;12:1-21.
23. Maier JA, Barcenghi L, Pagani F, et al. The protective role of high density lipoprotein on oxidized low density lipoprotein induced U937/endothelial cell interactions. Eur J Biochem. 1994; 221:35-41.
24. Mackness MI, Arrol S, Abbott CA, Duringhton PN. Protection of low-density lipoprotein against oxidative modification by high-density lipoprotein associated paraoxonase. Atherosclerosis. 1993;104: 129-135.
25. Rosenson RS. Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (hypoalphalipoproteinemia). Arch Intern Med. 1993;153:1528-1538.
26. Stone N, Blum C, Winslon E. Management of Lipids in Clinical Practice. Caddo, Okla: Professional Communications Inc; 1997.
27. Wallace RB, Hunningake DB, Reiland S, et al. Alterations of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels associated with consumption of selected medications. Circulation. 1980;62(suppl 4):77-82.
28. Walsh BW, Schiff I, Rosner B, et al. Effects of postmenopausal estrogen replacement on the concentration and metabolism of plasma lipoproteins. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:1196-1204.
29. Funke H. Genetic determinants of high density lipoprotein levels. Lipidology. 1997;8:189-196.
30. Rader DJ, Ikewaki K, Duverger N, et al. Very low high-density lipoproteins without coronary atherosclerosis, Lancet. 1993;342:1455-1458.
31. Wood PD, Stefanick ML, Dreon DM, et al. Changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins in overweight men during weight loses through dieting as compared with exercise. N Engl J Med. 1988;319: 1173-1179.
32. Berns MA, Devries JH, Katan MB. Increase in body fatness as a major determinant of changes in serum total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol in young men over a 10 year period. Am J Epidemiol. 1984; 130:1109-1122.
33. Anderson KM, Wilson PWF, Garrison RJ, Castelli WP. Longitudinal and secular trends in lipoproteins: the Framingham Offspring Study. Artherioscler Thromb. 1983;3:273-281.
34. Mensink RP, Katan MB. Effect of dietary trans fatty acids on high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in healthy subjects. N Engl J Med. 1990;323:439-445.
35. Hu FB, Stumpfer MJ, Manson SE, et al. Dietary fat intake and the risk of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:1491-1499.
36. Milani RV, Lavie CJ. Prevalence and effects of non-pharmacologic treatment of isolated low-HDL cholesterol in patients with coronary artery disease. J Cardiopulm Rehabil. 1995;15:439-444.
37. Sagiv M, Goldbourt U. Influence of physical work on high density lipoprotein cholesterol: implications for the risk of coronary heart disease. Int J Sports Med. 1994;15:261-266.
38. Criqui MH, Wallace RB, Heiss G, et al. Cigarette smoking and plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: the Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study. Circulation. 1980;62(suppl 4):70-76.
39. Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett, WC, et al. A prospective study of moderate alcohol consumption and the risk of coronary disease and stroke in women. N Engl J Med. 1988;319:267-273.
40. Vega GL, Grundy SM. Lipoprotein responses to treatment with lovastatin, gemfibrozil, and nicotinic acid in normolipidemic patients with hypoalphalipoproteinemia. Arch Intern Med. 1994;154: 73-82.
41. Martin-Jadraque R, Tato F, Mostaza JM, et al. Effectiveness of low-dose crystalline nicotinic acid in men with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Arch Intern Med. 1996;156:1081-1088.
42. McKenney JM, Proctor J, Harris S, Chinchili VM. A comparison of the efficacy and toxic effects of sustained vs immediate-release niacin in hypercholesterolemic patients. JAMA. 1994;271:672-677.
43. The Coronary Drug Project Research Group. Clofibrate and niacin in coronary heart disease. JAMA. 1975;231:360-381.
44. Garg A, Grundy SM. Nicotinic acid as therapy for dyslipidemia in nan-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. JAMA. 1980;264:723-726.
45. Gibbons LW, Gonzales VBS, Gordon N, et al. The prevalence of side effects with regular and sustained-released nicotine acid. Am J Med. 1995; 99:378-385.
46. Canner PL, Berge KG, Wenger NK, et al. Fifteen year mortality in coronary drug project patients: long-term benefit with niacin. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1986;8:1245-1255.
47. Ericsson C-G, Hamsten A, Nilsson J, et al. Angiographic assessment of effects of bezafibrate on progression of coronary artery disease in young male postinfarction patients. Lancet. 1996;347: 849-853.
48. Frick MH, Mikko S, Nieminen MS, et al. Prevention of the angiographic progression of coronary and vein-graft atherosclerosis by gemfibrozil after coronary bypass surgery in men with low levels of HDL cholesterol. Circulation. 1997;96:2137-2143.
49. Huttunen JK, Heinonone OP, Manninen V, et al. Helsinki Heart Study: 8.5 year safety and mortality follow-up. J Intern Med. 1994;235:31-39.
50. Rubins H, on behalf of the VA HIT Study Group. Veterans' Administration HDL Intervention Trial (VA HIT). American Heart Association Scientific Session, November 1998. Am J Cardiol. 1993; 71:45-52.
51. Goldbourt J, Behar S, Reicher-Reiss H, et al. Rationale and design of a secondary prevention trial of increasing serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and reducing triglycerides in patients with clinically manifest atherosclerotic heart disease (The Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention Trial). Am J Cardiol. 1993;71:909-915.
52. Denke MA. Hormone replacement therapy: benefit and safety issues. Lipidology. 1996;7:369-373.
53. Darling GM, Johns JA, McCloud Pl, et al. Estrogen and progestin compared with simvastatin for hypercholesterolemia in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:595-601.
54. Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T, et al. Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women: Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group. JAMA. 1998;280:605-613.
55. The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S): randomized trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease. Lancet. 1994; 344:1383-1389.
56. Shepherd J, Cobbe SM, Ford I, et al. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med. 1995; 333:1301-1307.
57. Sacks FM, Pfeffer MA, Moye LA, et al. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:1001-1009.
58. Smith SC, Blair SN, Criqui MH, et al. Preventing heart attack and death in patents with coronary disease. Circulation. 1995;92:2-4.
59. Grundy SM, Balady GJ, Criqui MH, et al. Guide to primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 1997;95:2329-2331.
60. Anderson KM, Wilson PW, Odell PM, et al. An updated coronary risk profile. Am Heart Assoc Statement Circ. 1991;83:356-362.
61. Pyorala K, De Backer G, Graham I, et al. Prevention of coronary heart disease in clinical practice. Eur Soc Cardiol. 1994;15:1300-1331.
62. Wilson PW, D'Agustino RB, Levy DA, et al. Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease Risk Using Risk Factor Categories. Circulation. 1998;97:1837-1847.
63. Boushey CJ, Bersford SA, Omenn GS, Motulsky AG. A quantitative assessment of plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease: probable benefits of increasing folic acid intakes. JAMA. 1995;274:1049-1057.
64. Grundy SM. Etiology and Treatment of Hyparlipidemia. London, England: Mosby-Wolfe Medical Communications: 1996.