Motor dysfunction in mildly demented AD individuals without extrapyramidal signs

Neurology

Volumn 53, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 956-962

  Goldman, W P ^b   Baty, J D ^a   Buckles, V D ^b   Sahrmann, S ^b   Morris, John C ^a  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b Campus Box 8111 MAP ^*

Author keywords

Extrapyramidal signs; Mild dementia in AD; Motor dysfunction

Indexed keywords

AGED; ARTICLE; COGNITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEMENTIA; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE SEVERITY; EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYMPTOM; FEMALE; HUMAN; LEWY BODY; MALE; MOTOR DYSFUNCTION; PERFORMANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOMETRY; PSYCHOMOTOR ACTIVITY; RATING SCALE; SCORING SYSTEM;

EID: 0033595446     PISSN: 00283878     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1212/wnl.53.5.956     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Cummings JL. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. In: Cummings JL, Miller BL, eds. Alzheimer's disease: treatment and long-term management. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1990: 3-19.
2. Edwards DF, Deuel RK, Baum CM, Morris JC. A quantitative analysis of apraxia in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type: stage-related differences in prevalence and type. Dementia 1991;2:142-149.
3. Chen JY, Stern Y, Sano M, Mayeux R. Cumulative risks of developing extrapyramidal signs, psychosis, or myoclonus in the course of Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol 1991;11:1141-1143.
4. O'Keeffe ST, Kazeem H, Philpott RM, Playfer JR, Gosney M, Lye M. Gait disturbance in Alzheimer's disease: a clinical study. Age Ageing 1996;25:313-316.
5. Clark CM, Ewbank D, Lerner A, et al. The relationship between extrapyramidal signs and cognitive performance in patients with Alzheimer's disease enrolled in the CERAD study. Neurology 1997;49:70-75.
6. Ditter SM, Mirra SS. Neuropathologic and clinical features of Parkinson's disease in Alzheimer's disease patients. Neurology 1987;37:754-760.
7. Morris JC, Drazner M, Fulling K, Grant EA, Goldring J. Clinical and pathological aspects of parkinsonism in Alzheimer's disease: a role for extranigral factors? Arch Neurol 1989;46: 651-657.
8. Hansen L, Salmon D, Galasko D, et al. The Lewy body variant of Alzheimer's disease: a clinical and pathologic entity. Neurology 1990;40:1-8.
9. Snowden MB, Bowen JD, Hughes J, Larson EB. Study of Alzheimer's dementia patients with parkinsonian features. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1995;8:154-158.
10. Miller TP, Tinklenberg JR, Brooks JO III, Yesavage JA. Cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer disease: differences in patients with and without extrapyramidal signs. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1991;5:251-256.
11. Lopez OL, Wisnieski SR, Becker JT, Boller F, DeKosky ST. Extrapyramidal signs in patients with probable Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 1997;54:969-975.
12. Stern Y, Liu X, Albert M, et al. Modeling the influence of extrapyramidal signs on the progression of Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 1996;53:1121-1126.
13. Richards M, Stern Y, Mayeux R. Subtle extrapyramidal signs can predict the development of dementia in elderly individuals. Neurology 1993;43:2184-2188.
14. Kluger A, Gianutsos JG, Golomb J, et al. Patterns of motor impairment in normal aging, mild cognitive decline, and early Alzheimer's disease. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 1997;52: P28-P39.
15. Pate DS, Margolin DI. Cognitive slowing in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's patients: distinguishing bradyphrenia from dementia. Neurology 1994;44:669-674.
16. Hoehn MM, Yahr MD. Parkinsonism: onset, progression, and mortality. Neurology 1967;17:427-442.
17. McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology 1984;34:939-944.
18. Berg L, McKeel DW Jr, Miller JP, et al. Clinicopathologic studies in cognitively healthy aging and Alzheimer disease: relation of histological markers to dementia severity, age, sex, and apolipoprotein E genotype. Arch Neurol 1998;55:326-335.
19. Morris JC. The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): current version and scoring rules. Neurology 1993;43:2412-2414.
20. Burke WJ, Miller JP, Rubin EH, et al. Reliability of the Washington University Clinical Dementia Rating. Arch Neurol 1988;45:31-32.
21. Morris JC, McKeel DW Jr, Storandt M, et al. Very mild Alzheimer's disease: informant-based clinical, psychometric, and pathologic distinction from normal aging. Neurology 1991;41: 469-478.
22. Morris JC, Storandt M, McKeel DW Jr, et al. Cerebral amyloid deposition and diffuse plaques in "normal" aging: evidence for presymptomatic and very mild Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1996;46:707-719.
23. Morris JC, Rubin EH, Morris EJ, Mandel SA. Senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type: an important risk factor for serious falls. J Gerontol 1987;42:412-417.
24. de Rijk MC, Rocca WA, Anderson DW, Melcon MO, Breteler MMB, Maraganore DM. A population perspective on diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1997;48:1277-1281.
25. Katzman R, Brown T, Fuld P, Peck A, Schechter R, Schimmel H. Validation of a short orientation-memory-concentration test of cognitive impairment. Am J Psychiatry 1983;140:734-739.
26. Pfeiffer E. A short portable mental status questionnaire for the assessment of organic brain deficit in elderly patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 1975;23:433-441.
27. Blessed G, Tomlinson BE, Roth M. The association between quantitative measures of dementia and of senile change in the cerebral grey matter of elderly subjects. Br J Psychiatry 1968; 114:797-811.
28. Wechsler D, Stone CP, Manual: Wechsler Memory Scale. New York: Psychological Corporation, 1973.
29. Wechsler D. Manual: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. New York: Psychological Corporation, 1955.
30. Goodglass H, Kaplan E. Boston Naming Test scoring booklet. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1983.
31. Goodglass H, Kaplan E. The assessment of aphasia and related disorders. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1983.
32. Thurstone LL, Thurstone TG. Examiner manual for the SRA Primary Mental Abilities Test. Chicago: Science Research Associates, 1949.
33. Armitage SG. An analysis of certain psychological tests used for the evaluation of brain injury. Psychol Monogr 1946;60 no. 1 (whole no. 277):1-48.
34. Botwinick J, Storandt M. Speed functions, vocabulary ability, and age. Percept Mot Skills 1973;36:1123-1128.
35. Fitts PM. The information capacity of the human motor system in controlling the amplitude of movement. J Exp Psychol 1954;47:381-391.
36. SAS Institute, Inc. SAS/STAT user's guide, version 6, vol 2. 4th ed. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc, 1989.
37. Storandt M, Hill RD. Very mild senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. II. Psychometric test performance. Arch Neurol 1989;46:383-386.
38. Ott BR, Ellias SA, Lannon MC. Quantitative assessment of movement in Alzheimer's disease. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1995;8:71-75.
39. Malapani C, Pillon B, Dubois B, Agid Y. Impaired simultaneous cognitive task performance in Parkinson's disease: a dopamine-related dysfunction. Neurology 1994;44:319-326.
40. Earles JL, Salthouse TA. Interrelations of age, health, and speed. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 1995;50:P33-P41.
41. Girotti F, Soliveri P, Carella F, Geminiani G, Aiello G, Caraceni T. Role of motor performance in cognitive processes of parkinsonian patients. Neurology 1988;38:537-540.
42. Morris ME, Iansek R, Matyas TA, Summers JJ. The pathogenesis of gait hypokinesia in Parkinson's disease. Brain 1994;117:1169-1181.
43. Harrington DL, Haaland KY, Hermanowicz N. Temporal processing in the basal ganglia. Neuropsychology 1998;12:3-12.
44. Goldman WP, Baty JD, Buckles VD, Sahrmann S, Morris JC. Cognitive and motor functioning in Parkinson disease: subjects with and without questionable dementia. Arch Neurol 1998;55:674-680.
45. Carr DB. Motor vehicle crashes and drivers with DAT. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1997;11(suppl 1):38-41.