The relationship between extrapyramidal signs and cognitive performance in patients with Alzheimer's disease enrolled in the CERAD study

Neurology

Volumn 49, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 70-75

  Clark, C M ^a   Ewbank, D ^a   Lerner, A ^b   Doody, R ^c   Henderson, V W ^d   Panisset, M ^e   Morris, J C ^f   Fillenbaum, G G ^h   Heyman, A ^g  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^b CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^e CENTRE PAUL BROCA   (France)

^f WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^g DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^h NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ARTICLE; BRADYKINESIA; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL FEATURE; COGNITION; DISEASE SEVERITY; EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYMPTOM; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; HUMAN; MUSCLE RIGIDITY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS;

EID: 0030853882     PISSN: 00283878     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1212/WNL.49.1.70     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Chen JY, Stern Y, Sano M, Mayeux R. Cumulative risks of developing extrapyramidal signs, psychosis, or myoclonus in the course of Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol 1991;48:1141-1143.
2. Chui HC, Teng EL, Henderson VW, Moy AC. Clinical subtypes of dementia of the Alzheimer type. Neurology 1985;35: 1544-1550.
3. Funkenstein HH, Albert MS, Cook NR, et al. Extrapyramidal signs and other neurologic findings in clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease. A community-based study. Arch Neurol 1993;50:51-56.
4. Girling DM, Berrios GE. Extrapyramidal signs, primitive reflexes and frontal lobe function in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Br J Psychiatry 1990;157:888-893.
5. Mayeux R, Stern Y, Spanton S. Heterogeneity in dementia of the Alzheimer type: evidence of subgroups. Neurology 1985; 35:453-461.
6. Merello M, Sabe L, Teson A, et al. Extrapyramidalism in Alzheimer's disease: prevalence, psychiatric, and neuropsychological correlates. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994;57: 1503-1509.
7. Molsa PK, Marttila RJ, Rinne UK. Extrapyramidal signs in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1984;34:1114-1116.
8. Morris JC, Drazner M, Fulling K, Grant EA, Goldring J. Clinical and pathological aspects of parkinsonism in Alzheimer's disease. A role for extranigral factors? Arch Neurol 1989;46: 651-657.
9. Soininen H, Laulumaa V, Helkala EL, Hartikainen P, Riekkinen PJ. Extrapyramidal signs in Alzheimer's disease: a 3-year follow-up study. J Neural Transm Park Dis Dement Sect 1992;4:107-119.
10. Torres HA, Fratiglioni L, Hofman W, Winblad B. Early symptoms and neurological findings in demented subjects from a community survey. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1995;9:170-175.
11. Chui HC, Lyness SA, Sobel E, Schneider LS. Extrapyramidal signs and psychiatric symptoms predict faster cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol 1994;51:676-681.
12. Miller TP, Tinklenberg JR, Brooks JO, Yesavage JA. Cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer disease: differences in patients with and without extrapyramidal signs. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1991;5:251-256.
13. Stern Y, Hesdorffer D, Sano M, Mayeux R. Measurement and prediction of functional capacity in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1994;40:8-14.
14. Stern Y, Albert M, Brandt J, et al. Utility of extrapyramidal signs and psychosis as predictors of cognitive and functional decline, nursing home admission, and death in Alzheimer's disease: prospective analyses from the Predictors Study. Neurology 1994;44:2300-2307.
15. Burns A, Jacoby R, Levy R. Neurological signs in Alzheimer's disease. Age Ageing 1991;20:45-51.
16. Soininen H, Helkala EL, Laulumaa V, Soikkeli R, Hartikainen PX, Riekkinen PJ. Cognitive profile of Alzheimer patients with extrapyramidal signs: a longitudinal study. J Neural Transm Park Dis Dement Sect 1992;4:241-254.
17. Mortimer JA, Ebbitt B, Jun SP, Finch MD. Predictors of cognitive and functional progression in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1992;42:1689-1696.
18. Storandt M, Morris JC, Rubin EH, Coben LA, Berg L. Progression of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type on a battery of psychometric tests. In: Backman L, ed. Memory functioning in dementia. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers BV, 1992:207-226.
19. Stern Y, Jacobs DM. Preliminary findings from the Predictors Study: utility of clinical signs for predicting disease course. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1995:9(suppl 1):S14-S18.
20. Bracco L, Gallato R, Grigoletto F, et al. Factors affecting course and survival in Alzheimer's disease. A 9-year longitudinal study. Arch Neurol 1994;51:1213-1219.
21. Burns A, Jacoby R, Levy R. Progression of cognitive impairment, in Alzheimer's disease. J Am Geriatr Soc 1991;39:39-45.
22. Forstl H, Burns A, Luthert P, Cairns N, Levy R. The Lewy-body variant of Alzheimer's disease. Clinical and pathological findings. Br J Psychiatry 1993;162:385-392.
23. Ditter SM, Mirra SS. Neuropathologic and clinical features of Parkinson's disease in Alzheimer's disease patients. Neurology 1987;37:754-760.
24. Gearing M, Schneider JA, Rebeck GW, Hyman BT, Mirra SS. Alzheimer's disease with and without coexisting Parkinson's disease changes: apolipoprotein E genotype and neuropathologic correlates. Neurology 1995;45:1985-1990.
25. Hulette C, Mirra S, Wilkinson W, Heyman A, Fillenbaum G, Clark C. A prospective clinical-neuropathological study of Parkinson's features in Alzheimer's disease: the CERAD experience, part IX. Neurology 1995;45:1991-1995.
26. Kazee AM, Cox C, Richfield EK. Substantia nigra lesions in Alzheimer disease and normal aging. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1995;9:61-67.
27. Kazee AM, Han LY. Cortical Lewy bodies in Alzheimer's disease. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1995;119:448-453.
28. Dickson DW, Crystal H, Mattiace LA, et al. Diffuse Lewy body disease: light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry of senile plaques. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1989;78:572-584.
29. Lennox G, Lowe J, Landon M, Byrne EJ, Mayer RJ, Godwin-Austen RB. Diffuse Lewy body disease: correlative neuropathology using anti-ubiquitin immunocytochemistry. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1989;52:1236-1247.
30. Perry RH, Irving D, Blessed G, Fairbairn A, Perry EK. Senile dementia of Lewy body type. A clinically and neuropathologically distinct form of Lewy body dementia in the elderly. J Neurol Sci 1990;95:119-139.
31. Morris JC, Heyman A, Mohs RC, et al. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part I. Clinical and neuropsychological assessment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1989;39:1159-1165.
32. Morris JC. The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): current version and scoring rules. Neurology 1993;43:2412-2414.
33. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. "Mini-mental state." A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975;12:189-198.
34. Rosen WG, Mohs RC, Davis KL. A new rating scale for Alzheimer's disease. Am J Psychiatry 1984;141:1356-1364.
35. Welsh KA, Butters N, Mohs RC, et al. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part V. A normative study of the neuropsychological battery. Neurology 1994;44:609-614.
36. Fahn S, Elton RL, UPDRS Development Committee. Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. In: Fahn S, Marsden CD, Calne D, Golstein M, eds. Recent developments in Parkinson's disease. Florham Park, NJ: Macmillan Healthcare Information, 1987:153-163.
37. Tobin J. Estimation of relationships for limited dependent variables. Econometrica 1958;26:24-36.
38. Dixon WJ, Massey FJ. Introduction to statistical analysis. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1969.
39. Demaris A. Logit modeling: practical applications. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1992.
40. Bennett DA, Beckett LA, Murray AM, et al. Prevalence of parkinsonian signs and associated mortality in a community population of older people. N Engl J Med 1996;334:71-76.
41. Murray MP, Kory RC, Clarkson BH. Walking patterns in healthy old men. J Gerontol 1969;24:169-178.
42. Richards M, Bell K, Dooneief G, et al. Patterns of neuropsychological performance in Alzheimer's disease patients with and without extrapyramidal signs. Neurology 1993;43:1708-1711.
43. Galasko D, Saitoh T, Xia Y, et al. The apolipoprotein E allele epsilon 4 is overrepresented in patients with the Lewy body variant of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1994;44:1950-1951.
44. Katzman R, Galasko D, Saitoh T, Thal LJ, Hansen L. Genetic evidence that the Lewy body variant is indeed a phenotypic variant of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Cogn 1995;28:259-265.
45. Crystal HA, Dickson DW, Lizardi JE, Davies P, Wolfson LI. Antemortem diagnosis of diffuse Lewy body disease. Neurology 1990;40:1523-1528.
46. Leverenz J, Sumi SM. Parkinson's disease in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol 1986;43:662-664.