Contribution of disturbance to increasing seasonal amplitude of atmospheric CO2

Science

Volumn 284, Issue 5422, 1999, Pages 1973-1976

  Zimov, S A ^a   Davidov, S P ^a   Zimova, G M ^a   Davidova, A I ^a   Chapin III, F S ^b   Chapin, M C ^b   Reynolds, J F ^c  

^a PACIFIC INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHY   (Russian Federation)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS   (United States)

^c DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ECOSYSTEMS; GLOBAL WARMING;

ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE;

CARBON DIOXIDE;

CARBON DIOXIDE;

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CARBON DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; SEASONALITY;

AGRICULTURE; AIR TEMPERATURE; ARTICLE; ATMOSPHERE; BIOSPHERE; CARBON DIOXIDE MEASUREMENT; ECOSYSTEM; GREENHOUSE EFFECT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEASON; SUMMER; WINTER;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION;

EID: 0033581026     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.284.5422.1973     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. A. Kattenberg et al., in Climate Change 1995. The Science of Climate Change, J. T. Houghton et al., Eds. (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1996), pp. 285-357.
2. C. D. Keeling, J. F. S. Chin, T. P. Whorf, Nature 382, 146 (1996).
3. J. T. Randerson, M. V. Thompson, I. Y. Fung, C. B. Field, Global Biogeochem. Cycles 11, (1997); T. Kaminski, Phys. Chem. Earth 22, 486 (1997).
4. J. T. Randerson, M. V. Thompson, I. Y. Fung, C. B. Field, Global Biogeochem. Cycles 11, (1997); T. Kaminski, Phys. Chem. Earth 22, 486 (1997).
5. W. L. Chapman and J. E. Walsh, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 74, 33 (1993).
6. R. B. Myneni, C. D. Keeling, C. J. Tucker, G. Asrar, R. R. Nemani, Nature 386, 698 (1997).
7. F. S. Chapin III, S. A. Zimov, G. R. Shaver, S. E. Hobbie, ibid. 383, 585 (1996).
8. S. A. Zimov et al., Clim. Change 33, 111 (1996).
9. W. C. Oechel et al., Nature 361, 520 (1993).
10. M. L. Goulden et al., Science 279, 214 (1998).
11. M. D. F. Flannigan and C. E. Van Wagner, Can. J. For. Res. 21, 66 (1991); W. A. Kurz and M. J. Apps, in Forest Ecosystems, Forest Management and the Global Carbon Cycle, M. J. Apps and D. T. Price, Eds. (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1996), pp. 173-182.
12. M. D. F. Flannigan and C. E. Van Wagner, Can. J. For. Res. 21, 66 (1991); W. A. Kurz and M. J. Apps, in Forest Ecosystems, Forest Management and the Global Carbon Cycle, M. J. Apps and D. T. Price, Eds. (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1996), pp. 173-182.
13. B. H. Braswell, D. S. Schimel, E. Under, B. Moore III, Science 278, 870 (1997).
14. O. Skre and W. C. Oechel, Oecologia 48, 50 (1981); S. M. Fan et al., ibid. 102, 443 (1995).
15. O. Skre and W. C. Oechel, Oecologia 48, 50 (1981); S. M. Fan et al., ibid. 102, 443 (1995).
16. S. A. Zimov et al., J. Geophys. Res. 98D, 5017 (1993); F. S. Chapin III, M. S. Bret-Harte, S. E. Hobbie, H. Zhong, J. Veg. Sci. 7. 347 (1996).
17. S. A. Zimov et al., J. Geophys. Res. 98D, 5017 (1993); F. S. Chapin III, M. S. Bret-Harte, S. E. Hobbie, H. Zhong, J. Veg. Sci. 7. 347 (1996).
18. S. F. Oberbauer and W. C. Oechel, Holarct. Ecol. 12, 312 (1989).
19. G. R. Shaver and F. S. Chapin III, Ecol. Monogr. 61, 1 (1991).
20. S. E. Hobbie, Trends Ecol. Evol. 7, 336 (1992).
21. _ and F. S. Chapin III, Biogeochemistry 35, 327 (1996).
22. S. A. Zimov, S. P. Davidov, Y. V. Voropaev, S. F. Prosiannikov, in Carbon Cycling in Boreal forest and Sub-Arctic Ecosystems: Biospheric Responses and Feedbacks to Global Climate Change, T. S. Vinson and T. P. Kolchugina, Eds. (Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR, 1993), pp. 21-34.
23. S. E. Trumbore and J. W. Harden, J. Geophys. Res. 102, 28817 (1997).
24. E. S. Kasischke et al., Eos 80, 141 (1999).
25. A. Shvidenko, S. Nilsson, R. Dixon, V. A. Rojkov, Q. J. Hung. Meteorol. Serv. 99, 235 (1995).
26. L. A. Viereck, Quat. Res. 3, 465 (1973).
27. E. H. Holsten, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Pest Management, Alaska Region, Spruce Beetle Activity in Alaska: 1920-1989 (1990).
28. N. V. Belaeva and S. I. Dmitrieva, Rastit. Resur. 32, 22 (1996).
29. 2 plots in both undisturbed and disturbed tundra. There was no consistent difference in flux between large and small chambers at the same site, so differences in chamber size are unlikely to explain site differences in fluxes. Air temperature (at 1.5 m) and precipitation were measured at government weather stations within 5 km of each site.
30. 2 flux to chamber measurements (S. A. Zimov et al., data not shown), validat ing our chamber technique. In winter, we used a water jacket to stabilize the temperature of the gas analyzer.
31. b) and recovery rates (T) are unknown, so this calculation is only illustrative.
32. We thank I. Fung, J. Gruenzweig, J. Harte, A. McGuire, and J. Randerson for critical review of the manuscript This research collaboration was funded by the Russian Fund for Fundamental Research, the International Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, and the Arctic System Science (ARCSS), the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER), and the Terrestrial Ecosystems and Global Change (TECO) Programs of NSF.