-
1
-
-
0031128033
-
-
M. Levin, BioEssays 19, 287 (1997); R. P. Harvey, Cell 94, 273 (1998); A. F. Ramsdell amd H. J. Yost, Trends Genet. 14, 459 (1998).
-
(1997)
BioEssays
, vol.19
, pp. 287
-
-
Levin, M.1
-
2
-
-
0032493873
-
-
M. Levin, BioEssays 19, 287 (1997); R. P. Harvey, Cell 94, 273 (1998); A. F. Ramsdell amd H. J. Yost, Trends Genet. 14, 459 (1998).
-
(1998)
Cell
, vol.94
, pp. 273
-
-
Harvey, R.P.1
-
3
-
-
0031769527
-
-
M. Levin, BioEssays 19, 287 (1997); R. P. Harvey, Cell 94, 273 (1998); A. F. Ramsdell amd H. J. Yost, Trends Genet. 14, 459 (1998).
-
(1998)
Trends Genet.
, vol.14
, pp. 459
-
-
Ramsdell, A.F.1
Yost, H.J.2
-
5
-
-
0029089617
-
-
M. Levin, R. L. Johnson, C. D. Stern, M. Kuehn, C. Tabin, ibid. 82, 803 (1995); S. M. Pagan-Westphal and C. J. Tabin, ibid. 93. 25 (1998).
-
(1995)
Cell
, vol.82
, pp. 803
-
-
Levin, M.1
Johnson, R.L.2
Stern, C.D.3
Kuehn, M.4
Tabin, C.5
-
6
-
-
0032478497
-
-
M. Levin, R. L. Johnson, C. D. Stern, M. Kuehn, C. Tabin, ibid. 82, 803 (1995); S. M. Pagan-Westphal and C. J. Tabin, ibid. 93. 25 (1998).
-
(1998)
Cell
, vol.93
, pp. 25
-
-
Pagan-Westphal, S.M.1
Tabin, C.J.2
-
7
-
-
0032493897
-
-
M. Logan, S. M. Pagan-Westphal, D. M. Smith, L. Paganessi, C. J. Tabin, ibid. 94, 307 (1998); A. K. Ryan et al., Nature 394, 545 (1998).
-
(1998)
Cell
, vol.94
, pp. 307
-
-
Logan, M.1
Pagan-Westphal, S.M.2
Smith, D.M.3
Paganessi, L.4
Tabin, C.J.5
-
8
-
-
0032490898
-
-
M. Logan, S. M. Pagan-Westphal, D. M. Smith, L. Paganessi, C. J. Tabin, ibid. 94, 307 (1998); A. K. Ryan et al., Nature 394, 545 (1998).
-
(1998)
Nature
, vol.394
, pp. 545
-
-
Ryan, A.K.1
-
9
-
-
0032493860
-
-
M. E. Piedra, J. M. Icardo. M. Albajar, J. C. Rodriguez-Rey, M. A. Ros, Cell 94, 319 (1998); H. Yoshioka et al., ibid., p. 299; M. Campione et al., Development 126, 1225 (1999).
-
(1998)
Cell
, vol.94
, pp. 319
-
-
Piedra, M.E.1
Icardo, J.M.2
Albajar, M.3
Rodriguez-Rey, J.C.4
Ros, M.A.5
-
10
-
-
0032493860
-
-
M. E. Piedra, J. M. Icardo. M. Albajar, J. C. Rodriguez-Rey, M. A. Ros, Cell 94, 319 (1998); H. Yoshioka et al., ibid., p. 299; M. Campione et al., Development 126, 1225 (1999).
-
Cell
, pp. 299
-
-
Yoshioka, H.1
-
11
-
-
0032952544
-
-
M. E. Piedra, J. M. Icardo. M. Albajar, J. C. Rodriguez-Rey, M. A. Ros, Cell 94, 319 (1998); H. Yoshioka et al., ibid., p. 299; M. Campione et al., Development 126, 1225 (1999).
-
(1999)
Development
, vol.126
, pp. 1225
-
-
Campione, M.1
-
14
-
-
0345197528
-
-
note
-
neo. The annealing temperature was 54°C.
-
-
-
-
15
-
-
0344335041
-
-
note
-
Noon of the day on which the vaginal plug was detected was considered as E0.5 in the timing of embryo collection.
-
-
-
-
17
-
-
0344767074
-
-
note
-
In 11 of these 50 embryos the liver was abnormally symmetrical, and the spleen, which is normally found on the left, was absent or small. In 2 of these 11 embryos the direction of bowel rotation was reversed. In another 4 of these 50 embryos the liver and spleen appeared morphologically normal, but stomach and spleen situs were reversed. In all embryos with right pulmonary isomerism, and 28 others, a variety of heart abnormalities were detected, including malposition of the cardiac outflow tracts and other vascular vessels.
-
-
-
-
19
-
-
0344335039
-
-
note
-
In normal embryos, Nodal expression is transiently detected in the left LPM beginning at the 2 to 3 somite stage (77). Lefty2 RNA is also detected in the left LPM of normal mouse embryos at early somite stages (15). Pitx2 RNA is normally detected in the left LPM, but beginning slightly later and persisting longer than Nodal or Lefty2 expression (5).
-
-
-
-
20
-
-
0032565859
-
-
or Hnf3β (25)
-
lacZ and a null allete of either Smad2 [M. Nomura and E. Li, Nature 393, 786 (1998)] or Hnf3β (25).
-
(1998)
Nature
, vol.393
, pp. 786
-
-
Nomura, M.1
Li, E.2
-
21
-
-
0029932564
-
-
C. Meno et al., Nature 381, 151 (1996); C. Meno et at., Genes Cells 2, 513 (1997).
-
(1996)
Nature
, vol.381
, pp. 151
-
-
Meno, C.1
-
22
-
-
0031196157
-
-
C. Meno et al., Nature 381, 151 (1996); C. Meno et at., Genes Cells 2, 513 (1997).
-
(1997)
Genes Cells
, vol.2
, pp. 513
-
-
Meno, C.1
-
23
-
-
0038028264
-
-
Detected by whole-mount RNA in situ hyridization carried out with the protocol described by A. Neubüser. H. Peters, R. Balling, and G. R. Martin [Cell 90, 247 (1997)].
-
(1997)
Cell
, vol.90
, pp. 247
-
-
Peters, H.1
Balling, R.2
Martin, G.R.3
-
25
-
-
0027487074
-
-
note
-
Embryos were isolated at the 0 to 2 somite stage (∼E8.0), and a heparin bead (H5263, Sigma) soaked in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing bovine serum albumin (BSA, 1 mg/ml) (control BSA-bead) or in PBS-BSA with FGF8 (1 mg/ml) (b isoform; R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) (FGF8-bead) was inserted into the right LPM lateral to the node. After 1 hour in stationary culture, the embryos were incubated for 6 to 8 hours in a rotary culture apparatus, as described by K. Sturm and P. Tam [Methods Enzymol. 225, 164 (1993)]. During the culture period the embryos developed to the 4 to 8 somite stage. After culture, the embryos were washed in PBS, fixed, and assayed for β-Gal activity as described (77). Ectopic nodal expression was detected in tissue near the bead in 11 out of 18 embryos with FGF8-beads, and in 1 out of 7 embryos with control beads. The Nodal expression domain appeared normal in two embryos with FGF8-beads implanted in the left LPM. No ectopic Nodal expression was detected in 22 embryos isolated at the 4 to 8 somite stage, after implantation of an FGF8-bead in the right LPM and culture as described above.
-
-
-
-
27
-
-
0032428685
-
-
S. Nonaka et al., Cell 95, 829 (1998).
-
(1998)
Cell
, vol.95
, pp. 829
-
-
Nonaka, S.1
-
28
-
-
0029777408
-
-
C. Chiang et al., Nature 383, 407 (1996).
-
(1996)
Nature
, vol.383
, pp. 407
-
-
Chiang, C.1
-
29
-
-
0033578069
-
-
-/- embryos at a much higher frequency than reported here. This might be due to differences in the stages at which the embryos were assayed
-
-/- embryos at a much higher frequency than reported here. This might be due to differences in the stages at which the embryos were assayed.
-
(1999)
Nature
, vol.399
, pp. 691
-
-
Izraeli, S.1
-
32
-
-
0031594949
-
-
D. Dufort, L. Schwartz, K. Harpal, J. Rossant, ibid. 125, 3015 (1998).
-
(1998)
Development
, vol.125
, pp. 3015
-
-
Dufort, D.1
Schwartz, L.2
Harpal, K.3
Rossant, J.4
-
33
-
-
0032432959
-
-
T. King, R. S. Beddington, N. A. Brown, Mech. Dev. 79, 29 (1998); P. G. Melloy et al., Dev. Biol. 193, 77 (1998).
-
(1998)
Mech. Dev.
, vol.79
, pp. 29
-
-
King, T.1
Beddington, R.S.2
Brown, N.A.3
-
34
-
-
0031906412
-
-
T. King, R. S. Beddington, N. A. Brown, Mech. Dev. 79, 29 (1998); P. G. Melloy et al., Dev. Biol. 193, 77 (1998).
-
(1998)
Dev. Biol.
, vol.193
, pp. 77
-
-
Melloy, P.G.1
-
35
-
-
0032493876
-
-
C. Meno et al., Cell 94, 287 (1998).
-
(1998)
Cell
, vol.94
, pp. 287
-
-
Meno, C.1
-
36
-
-
0345197526
-
-
note
-
Nodal expression was detected by X-Gal staining for β-Gal activity (77). Lefty and Pitx2 expression were detected by RNA in situ hybridzation (76). The probe that was used to detect Lefty expression (75) hybridizes to Lefty2 RNA, which is detected in the lateral plate mesoderm, and to Leftyl RNA, which is detected in the prospective floor plate (ventral midline). Because Lefty1 RNA was not consistently detected in normal embryos, its absence in the mutant embryos is not considered significant.
-
-
-
-
37
-
-
0344335037
-
-
note
-
-/+ mice, respectively. We thank M. Kuehn, H. Hamada, and M. Blum for Nodal, Lefty, and Pitx2 probes, respectively, and J. Bristow and D. Goldman for helpful advice. We thank M. Embry and A. Gannon for technical assistance. We are also grateful to S. Strickland and our laboratory colleagues for critical readings of the manuscript. E.N.M. was supported by a Mentored Clinical Scientist Development award HD01216 from the NIH. This work was supported by NIH grant RO1 HD34380 (G.R.M.).
-
-
-
|